Calculus Examples

$y = - \frac{x^{2}}{16} + \frac{2}{x} - x^{\frac{3}{2}} + \frac{1}{3 x^{2}} + \frac{x}{3}$

Step 1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $- \frac{x^{2}}{16} + \frac{2}{x} - x^{\frac{3}{2}} + \frac{1}{3 x^{2}} + \frac{x}{3}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{x^{2}}{16}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{2}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- x^{\frac{3}{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1}{3 x^{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{x^{2}}{16}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{2}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- x^{\frac{3}{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1}{3 x^{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]$

Step 2

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{x^{2}}{16}]$ .

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Step 2.1

Since $- \frac{1}{16}$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- \frac{x^{2}}{16}$ with respect to $x$ is $- \frac{1}{16} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]$ .

$- \frac{1}{16} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{2}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- x^{\frac{3}{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1}{3 x^{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]$

Step 2.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$- \frac{1}{16} (2 x) + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{2}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- x^{\frac{3}{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1}{3 x^{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]$

Step 2.3

Multiply $2$ by $- 1$ .

$- 2 (\frac{1}{16}) x + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{2}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- x^{\frac{3}{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1}{3 x^{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]$

Step 2.4

Combine $- 2$ and $\frac{1}{16}$ .

$\frac{- 2}{16} x + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{2}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- x^{\frac{3}{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1}{3 x^{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]$

Step 2.5

Combine $\frac{- 2}{16}$ and $x$ .

$\frac{- 2 x}{16} + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{2}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- x^{\frac{3}{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1}{3 x^{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]$

Step 2.6

Cancel the common factor of $- 2$ and $16$ .

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Step 2.6.1

Factor $2$ out of $- 2 x$ .

$\frac{2 (- x)}{16} + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{2}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- x^{\frac{3}{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1}{3 x^{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]$

Step 2.6.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 2.6.2.1

Factor $2$ out of $16$ .

$\frac{2 (- x)}{2 (8)} + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{2}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- x^{\frac{3}{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1}{3 x^{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]$

Step 2.6.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{2 (- x)}{2 \cdot 8} + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{2}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- x^{\frac{3}{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1}{3 x^{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]$

Step 2.6.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{- x}{8} + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{2}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- x^{\frac{3}{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1}{3 x^{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]$

Step 2.7

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$- \frac{x}{8} + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{2}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- x^{\frac{3}{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1}{3 x^{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]$

Step 3

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{2}{x}]$ .

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Step 3.1

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $\frac{2}{x}$ with respect to $x$ is $2 \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1}{x}]$ .

$- \frac{x}{8} + 2 \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- x^{\frac{3}{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1}{3 x^{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]$

Step 3.2

Rewrite $\frac{1}{x}$ as $x^{- 1}$ .

$- \frac{x}{8} + 2 \frac{d}{d x} [x^{- 1}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- x^{\frac{3}{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1}{3 x^{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]$

Step 3.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = - 1$ .

$- \frac{x}{8} + 2 (- x^{- 2}) + \frac{d}{d x} [- x^{\frac{3}{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1}{3 x^{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]$

Step 3.4

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$- \frac{x}{8} - 2 x^{- 2} + \frac{d}{d x} [- x^{\frac{3}{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1}{3 x^{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]$

Step 4

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d x} [- x^{\frac{3}{2}}]$ .

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Step 4.1

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- x^{\frac{3}{2}}$ with respect to $x$ is $- \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{3}{2}}]$ .

$- \frac{x}{8} - 2 x^{- 2} - \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{3}{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1}{3 x^{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]$

Step 4.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = \frac{3}{2}$ .

$- \frac{x}{8} - 2 x^{- 2} - (\frac{3}{2} x^{\frac{3}{2} - 1}) + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1}{3 x^{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]$

Step 4.3

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$- \frac{x}{8} - 2 x^{- 2} - (\frac{3}{2} x^{\frac{3}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2}}) + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1}{3 x^{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]$

Step 4.4

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$- \frac{x}{8} - 2 x^{- 2} - (\frac{3}{2} x^{\frac{3}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2}}) + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1}{3 x^{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]$

Step 4.5

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$- \frac{x}{8} - 2 x^{- 2} - (\frac{3}{2} x^{\frac{3 - 1 \cdot 2}{2}}) + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1}{3 x^{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]$

Step 4.6

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 4.6.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$- \frac{x}{8} - 2 x^{- 2} - (\frac{3}{2} x^{\frac{3 - 2}{2}}) + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1}{3 x^{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]$

Step 4.6.2

Subtract $2$ from $3$ .

$- \frac{x}{8} - 2 x^{- 2} - (\frac{3}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2}}) + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1}{3 x^{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]$

Step 4.7

Combine $\frac{3}{2}$ and $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$- \frac{x}{8} - 2 x^{- 2} - \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1}{3 x^{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]$

Step 5

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1}{3 x^{2}}]$ .

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Step 5.1

Since $\frac{1}{3}$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $\frac{1}{3 x^{2}}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{3} \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1}{x^{2}}]$ .

$- \frac{x}{8} - 2 x^{- 2} - \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{1}{3} \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1}{x^{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]$

Step 5.2

Rewrite $\frac{1}{x^{2}}$ as ${(x^{2})}^{- 1}$ .

$- \frac{x}{8} - 2 x^{- 2} - \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{1}{3} \frac{d}{d x} [{(x^{2})}^{- 1}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]$

Step 5.3

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{- 1}$ and $g (x) = x^{2}$ .

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Step 5.3.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u$ as $x^{2}$ .

$- \frac{x}{8} - 2 x^{- 2} - \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{1}{3} (\frac{d}{d u} [u^{- 1}] \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]) + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]$

Step 5.3.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u} [u^{n}]$ is $n u^{n - 1}$ where $n = - 1$ .

$- \frac{x}{8} - 2 x^{- 2} - \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{1}{3} (- u^{- 2} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]) + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]$

Step 5.3.3

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $x^{2}$ .

$- \frac{x}{8} - 2 x^{- 2} - \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{1}{3} (- {(x^{2})}^{- 2} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]) + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]$

Step 5.4

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$- \frac{x}{8} - 2 x^{- 2} - \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{1}{3} (- {(x^{2})}^{- 2} (2 x)) + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]$

Step 5.5

Multiply the exponents in ${(x^{2})}^{- 2}$ .

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Step 5.5.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$- \frac{x}{8} - 2 x^{- 2} - \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{1}{3} (- x^{2 \cdot - 2} (2 x)) + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]$

Step 5.5.2

Multiply $2$ by $- 2$ .

$- \frac{x}{8} - 2 x^{- 2} - \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{1}{3} (- x^{- 4} (2 x)) + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]$

Step 5.6

Multiply $2$ by $- 1$ .

$- \frac{x}{8} - 2 x^{- 2} - \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{1}{3} (- 2 x^{- 4} x) + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]$

Step 5.7

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$- \frac{x}{8} - 2 x^{- 2} - \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{1}{3} (- 2 (x^{1} x^{- 4})) + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]$

Step 5.8

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$- \frac{x}{8} - 2 x^{- 2} - \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{1}{3} (- 2 x^{1 - 4}) + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]$

Step 5.9

Subtract $4$ from $1$ .

$- \frac{x}{8} - 2 x^{- 2} - \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{1}{3} (- 2 x^{- 3}) + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]$

Step 5.10

Combine $- 2$ and $\frac{1}{3}$ .

$- \frac{x}{8} - 2 x^{- 2} - \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{- 2}{3} x^{- 3} + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]$

Step 5.11

Combine $\frac{- 2}{3}$ and $x^{- 3}$ .

$- \frac{x}{8} - 2 x^{- 2} - \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{- 2 x^{- 3}}{3} + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]$

Step 5.12

Move $x^{- 3}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$- \frac{x}{8} - 2 x^{- 2} - \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{- 2}{3 x^{3}} + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]$

Step 5.13

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$- \frac{x}{8} - 2 x^{- 2} - \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} - \frac{2}{3 x^{3}} + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]$

Step 6

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]$ .

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Step 6.1

Since $\frac{1}{3}$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $\frac{x}{3}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{3} \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$- \frac{x}{8} - 2 x^{- 2} - \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} - \frac{2}{3 x^{3}} + \frac{1}{3} \frac{d}{d x} [x]$

Step 6.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$- \frac{x}{8} - 2 x^{- 2} - \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} - \frac{2}{3 x^{3}} + \frac{1}{3} \cdot 1$

Step 6.3

Multiply $\frac{1}{3}$ by $1$ .

$- \frac{x}{8} - 2 x^{- 2} - \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} - \frac{2}{3 x^{3}} + \frac{1}{3}$

Step 7

Simplify.

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Step 7.1

Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$- \frac{x}{8} - 2 \frac{1}{x^{2}} - \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} - \frac{2}{3 x^{3}} + \frac{1}{3}$

Step 7.2

Combine terms.

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Step 7.2.1

Combine $- 2$ and $\frac{1}{x^{2}}$ .

$- \frac{x}{8} + \frac{- 2}{x^{2}} - \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} - \frac{2}{3 x^{3}} + \frac{1}{3}$

Step 7.2.2

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$- \frac{x}{8} - \frac{2}{x^{2}} - \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} - \frac{2}{3 x^{3}} + \frac{1}{3}$

Step 7.3

Reorder terms.

$- \frac{x}{8} - \frac{2}{x^{2}} - \frac{2}{3 x^{3}} + \frac{1}{3} - \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2}$