Calculus Examples

$y = \ln ({(x^{4} + 5 x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}})$

Step 1

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \ln (x)$ and $g (x) = {(x^{4} + 5 x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}$ .

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Step 1.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{1}$ as ${(x^{4} + 5 x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [\ln (u_{1})] \frac{d}{d x} [{(x^{4} + 5 x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}]$

Step 1.2

The derivative of $\ln (u_{1})$ with respect to $u_{1}$ is $\frac{1}{u_{1}}$ .

$\frac{1}{u_{1}} \frac{d}{d x} [{(x^{4} + 5 x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}]$

Step 1.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{1}$ with ${(x^{4} + 5 x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}$ .

$\frac{1}{{(x^{4} + 5 x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} \frac{d}{d x} [{(x^{4} + 5 x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}]$

Step 2

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{\frac{3}{2}}$ and $g (x) = x^{4} + 5 x^{2}$ .

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Step 2.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{2}$ as $x^{4} + 5 x^{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{{(x^{4} + 5 x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} (\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [{u_{2}}^{\frac{3}{2}}] \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4} + 5 x^{2}])$

Step 2.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [{u_{2}}^{n}]$ is $n {u_{2}}^{n - 1}$ where $n = \frac{3}{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{{(x^{4} + 5 x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} (\frac{3}{2} {u_{2}}^{\frac{3}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4} + 5 x^{2}])$

Step 2.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{2}$ with $x^{4} + 5 x^{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{{(x^{4} + 5 x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} (\frac{3}{2} {(x^{4} + 5 x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4} + 5 x^{2}])$

Step 3

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{{(x^{4} + 5 x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} (\frac{3}{2} {(x^{4} + 5 x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4} + 5 x^{2}])$

Step 4

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{{(x^{4} + 5 x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} (\frac{3}{2} {(x^{4} + 5 x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4} + 5 x^{2}])$

Step 5

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{1}{{(x^{4} + 5 x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} (\frac{3}{2} {(x^{4} + 5 x^{2})}^{\frac{3 - 1 \cdot 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4} + 5 x^{2}])$

Step 6

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 6.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{1}{{(x^{4} + 5 x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} (\frac{3}{2} {(x^{4} + 5 x^{2})}^{\frac{3 - 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4} + 5 x^{2}])$

Step 6.2

Subtract $2$ from $3$ .

$\frac{1}{{(x^{4} + 5 x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} (\frac{3}{2} {(x^{4} + 5 x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4} + 5 x^{2}])$

Step 7

Combine $\frac{3}{2}$ and ${(x^{4} + 5 x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{1}{{(x^{4} + 5 x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} (\frac{3 {(x^{4} + 5 x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4} + 5 x^{2}])$

Step 8

Multiply $\frac{3 {(x^{4} + 5 x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2}$ by $\frac{1}{{(x^{4} + 5 x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{3 {(x^{4} + 5 x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2 {(x^{4} + 5 x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4} + 5 x^{2}]$

Step 9

Move ${(x^{4} + 5 x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{n} = \frac{1}{b^{- n}}$ .

$\frac{3}{2 {(x^{4} + 5 x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} {(x^{4} + 5 x^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4} + 5 x^{2}]$

Step 10

Simplify the denominator.

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Step 10.1

Multiply ${(x^{4} + 5 x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}$ by ${(x^{4} + 5 x^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 10.1.1

Move ${(x^{4} + 5 x^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{3}{2 ({(x^{4} + 5 x^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}} {(x^{4} + 5 x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}})} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4} + 5 x^{2}]$

Step 10.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{3}{2 {(x^{4} + 5 x^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2} + \frac{3}{2}}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4} + 5 x^{2}]$

Step 10.1.3

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{3}{2 {(x^{4} + 5 x^{2})}^{\frac{- 1 + 3}{2}}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4} + 5 x^{2}]$

Step 10.1.4

Add $- 1$ and $3$ .

$\frac{3}{2 {(x^{4} + 5 x^{2})}^{\frac{2}{2}}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4} + 5 x^{2}]$

Step 10.1.5

Divide $2$ by $2$ .

$\frac{3}{2 {(x^{4} + 5 x^{2})}^{1}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4} + 5 x^{2}]$

Step 10.2

Simplify $2 {(x^{4} + 5 x^{2})}^{1}$ .

$\frac{3}{2 (x^{4} + 5 x^{2})} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4} + 5 x^{2}]$

Step 11

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $x^{4} + 5 x^{2}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{4}] + \frac{d}{d x} [5 x^{2}]$ .

$\frac{3}{2 (x^{4} + 5 x^{2})} (\frac{d}{d x} [x^{4}] + \frac{d}{d x} [5 x^{2}])$

Step 12

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 4$ .

$\frac{3}{2 (x^{4} + 5 x^{2})} (4 x^{3} + \frac{d}{d x} [5 x^{2}])$

Step 13

Since $5$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $5 x^{2}$ with respect to $x$ is $5 \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]$ .

$\frac{3}{2 (x^{4} + 5 x^{2})} (4 x^{3} + 5 \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}])$

Step 14

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$\frac{3}{2 (x^{4} + 5 x^{2})} (4 x^{3} + 5 (2 x))$

Step 15

Multiply $2$ by $5$ .

$\frac{3}{2 (x^{4} + 5 x^{2})} (4 x^{3} + 10 x)$

Step 16

Simplify.

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Step 16.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{3}{2 x^{4} + 2 (5 x^{2})} (4 x^{3} + 10 x)$

Step 16.2

Multiply $5$ by $2$ .

$\frac{3}{2 x^{4} + 10 x^{2}} (4 x^{3} + 10 x)$

Step 16.3

Reorder the factors of $\frac{3}{2 x^{4} + 10 x^{2}} (4 x^{3} + 10 x)$ .

$(4 x^{3} + 10 x) \frac{3}{2 x^{4} + 10 x^{2}}$

Step 16.4

Factor $2 x^{2}$ out of $2 x^{4} + 10 x^{2}$ .

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Step 16.4.1

Factor $2 x^{2}$ out of $2 x^{4}$ .

$(4 x^{3} + 10 x) \frac{3}{2 x^{2} (x^{2}) + 10 x^{2}}$

Step 16.4.2

Factor $2 x^{2}$ out of $10 x^{2}$ .

$(4 x^{3} + 10 x) \frac{3}{2 x^{2} (x^{2}) + 2 x^{2} (5)}$

Step 16.4.3

Factor $2 x^{2}$ out of $2 x^{2} (x^{2}) + 2 x^{2} (5)$ .

$(4 x^{3} + 10 x) \frac{3}{2 x^{2} (x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 16.5

Multiply $4 x^{3} + 10 x$ by $\frac{3}{2 x^{2} (x^{2} + 5)}$ .

$\frac{(4 x^{3} + 10 x) \cdot 3}{2 x^{2} (x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 16.6

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 16.6.1

Factor $2 x$ out of $4 x^{3} + 10 x$ .

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Step 16.6.1.1

Factor $2 x$ out of $4 x^{3}$ .

$\frac{(2 x (2 x^{2}) + 10 x) \cdot 3}{2 x^{2} (x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 16.6.1.2

Factor $2 x$ out of $10 x$ .

$\frac{(2 x (2 x^{2}) + 2 x (5)) \cdot 3}{2 x^{2} (x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 16.6.1.3

Factor $2 x$ out of $2 x (2 x^{2}) + 2 x (5)$ .

$\frac{2 x (2 x^{2} + 5) \cdot 3}{2 x^{2} (x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 16.6.2

Multiply $3$ by $2$ .

$\frac{6 x (2 x^{2} + 5)}{2 x^{2} (x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 16.7

Cancel the common factor of $6$ and $2$ .

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Step 16.7.1

Factor $2$ out of $6 x (2 x^{2} + 5)$ .

$\frac{2 (3 x (2 x^{2} + 5))}{2 x^{2} (x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 16.7.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 16.7.2.1

Factor $2$ out of $2 x^{2} (x^{2} + 5)$ .

$\frac{2 (3 x (2 x^{2} + 5))}{2 (x^{2} (x^{2} + 5))}$

Step 16.7.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{2 (3 x (2 x^{2} + 5))}{2 (x^{2} (x^{2} + 5))}$

Step 16.7.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{3 x (2 x^{2} + 5)}{x^{2} (x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 16.8

Cancel the common factor of $x$ and $x^{2}$ .

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Step 16.8.1

Factor $x$ out of $3 x (2 x^{2} + 5)$ .

$\frac{x (3 (2 x^{2} + 5))}{x^{2} (x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 16.8.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 16.8.2.1

Factor $x$ out of $x^{2} (x^{2} + 5)$ .

$\frac{x (3 (2 x^{2} + 5))}{x (x (x^{2} + 5))}$

Step 16.8.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{x (3 (2 x^{2} + 5))}{x (x (x^{2} + 5))}$

Step 16.8.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{3 (2 x^{2} + 5)}{x (x^{2} + 5)}$