Calculus Examples

$lim_{x \to 8} {(1 - \frac{4}{x})}^{x}$

Step 1

Combine terms.

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Step 1.1

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$lim_{x \to 8} {(\frac{x}{x} - \frac{4}{x})}^{x}$

Step 1.2

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$lim_{x \to 8} {(\frac{x - 4}{x})}^{x}$

Step 2

Use the properties of logarithms to simplify the limit.

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Step 2.1

Rewrite ${(\frac{x - 4}{x})}^{x}$ as $e^{\ln ({(\frac{x - 4}{x})}^{x})}$ .

$lim_{x \to 8} e^{\ln ({(\frac{x - 4}{x})}^{x})}$

Step 2.2

Expand $\ln ({(\frac{x - 4}{x})}^{x})$ by moving $x$ outside the logarithm.

$lim_{x \to 8} e^{x \ln (\frac{x - 4}{x})}$

Step 3

Evaluate the limit.

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Step 3.1

Move the limit into the exponent.

$e^{lim_{x \to 8} x \ln (\frac{x - 4}{x})}$

Step 3.2

Split the limit using the Product of Limits Rule on the limit as $x$ approaches $8$ .

$e^{lim_{x \to 8} x \cdot lim_{x \to 8} \ln (\frac{x - 4}{x})}$

Step 3.3

Move the limit inside the logarithm.

$e^{lim_{x \to 8} x \cdot \ln (lim_{x \to 8} \frac{x - 4}{x})}$

Step 3.4

Split the limit using the Limits Quotient Rule on the limit as $x$ approaches $8$ .

$e^{lim_{x \to 8} x \cdot \ln (\frac{lim_{x \to 8} x - 4}{lim_{x \to 8} x})}$

Step 3.5

Split the limit using the Sum of Limits Rule on the limit as $x$ approaches $8$ .

$e^{lim_{x \to 8} x \cdot \ln (\frac{lim_{x \to 8} x - lim_{x \to 8} 4}{lim_{x \to 8} x})}$

Step 3.6

Evaluate the limit of $4$ which is constant as $x$ approaches $8$ .

$e^{lim_{x \to 8} x \cdot \ln (\frac{lim_{x \to 8} x - 1 \cdot 4}{lim_{x \to 8} x})}$

Step 4

Evaluate the limits by plugging in $8$ for all occurrences of $x$ .

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Step 4.1

Evaluate the limit of $x$ by plugging in $8$ for $x$ .

$e^{8 \cdot \ln (\frac{lim_{x \to 8} x - 1 \cdot 4}{lim_{x \to 8} x})}$

Step 4.2

Evaluate the limit of $x$ by plugging in $8$ for $x$ .

$e^{8 \cdot \ln (\frac{8 - 1 \cdot 4}{lim_{x \to 8} x})}$

Step 4.3

Evaluate the limit of $x$ by plugging in $8$ for $x$ .

$e^{8 \cdot \ln (\frac{8 - 1 \cdot 4}{8})}$

Step 5

Simplify the answer.

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Step 5.1

Simplify $8 \cdot \ln (\frac{8 - 1 \cdot 4}{8})$ by moving $8$ inside the logarithm.

$e^{\ln ({(\frac{8 - 1 \cdot 4}{8})}^{8})}$

Step 5.2

Exponentiation and log are inverse functions.

${(\frac{8 - 1 \cdot 4}{8})}^{8}$

Step 5.3

Cancel the common factor of $8 - 1 \cdot 4$ and $8$ .

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Step 5.3.1

Rewrite $8$ as $- 1 (- 8)$ .

${(\frac{- 1 (- 8) - 1 \cdot 4}{8})}^{8}$

Step 5.3.2

Factor $- 1$ out of $- 1 \cdot 4$ .

${(\frac{- 1 (- 8) - 1 (4)}{8})}^{8}$

Step 5.3.3

Factor $- 1$ out of $- 1 (- 8) - 1 (4)$ .

${(\frac{- 1 (- 8 + 4)}{8})}^{8}$

Step 5.3.4

Factor $4$ out of $- 1 (- 8 + 4)$ .

${(\frac{4 (- 1 (- 2 + 1))}{8})}^{8}$

Step 5.3.5

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 5.3.5.1

Factor $4$ out of $8$ .

${(\frac{4 (- 1 (- 2 + 1))}{4 (2)})}^{8}$

Step 5.3.5.2

Cancel the common factor.

${(\frac{4 (- 1 (- 2 + 1))}{4 \cdot 2})}^{8}$

Step 5.3.5.3

Rewrite the expression.

${(\frac{- 1 (- 2 + 1)}{2})}^{8}$

Step 5.4

Add $- 2$ and $1$ .

${(\frac{- 1 \cdot - 1}{2})}^{8}$

Step 5.5

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1$ .

${(\frac{1}{2})}^{8}$

Step 5.6

Apply the product rule to $\frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{1^{8}}{2^{8}}$

Step 5.7

One to any power is one.

$\frac{1}{2^{8}}$

Step 5.8

Raise $2$ to the power of $8$ .

$\frac{1}{256}$

Step 6

The result can be shown in multiple forms.

Exact Form:

$\frac{1}{256}$

Decimal Form:

$0.00390625$