Calculus Examples

$\int \frac{\ln ({(x)}^{4})}{x} d x$

Step 1

Rewrite $\frac{\ln (x^{4})}{x}$ as $\frac{4 \ln (x)}{x}$ .

$\int \frac{4 \ln (x)}{x} d x$

Step 2

Since $4$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $4$ out of the integral.

$4 \int \frac{\ln (x)}{x} d x$

Step 3

Let $u = \ln (x)$ . Then $d u = \frac{1}{x} d x$ , so $x d u = d x$ . Rewrite using $u$ and $d$ $u$ .

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Step 3.1

Let $u = \ln (x)$ . Find $\frac{d u}{d x}$ .

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Step 3.1.1

Differentiate $\ln (x)$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [\ln (x)]$

Step 3.1.2

The derivative of $\ln (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{x}$ .

$\frac{1}{x}$

Step 3.2

Rewrite the problem using $u$ and $d u$ .

$4 \int u d u$

Step 4

By the Power Rule, the integral of $u$ with respect to $u$ is $\frac{1}{2} u^{2}$ .

$4 (\frac{1}{2} u^{2} + C)$

Step 5

Simplify.

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Step 5.1

Rewrite $4 (\frac{1}{2} u^{2} + C)$ as $4 (\frac{1}{2}) u^{2} + C$ .

$4 (\frac{1}{2}) u^{2} + C$

Step 5.2

Simplify.

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Step 5.2.1

Combine $4$ and $\frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{4}{2} u^{2} + C$

Step 5.2.2

Cancel the common factor of $4$ and $2$ .

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Step 5.2.2.1

Factor $2$ out of $4$ .

$\frac{2 \cdot 2}{2} u^{2} + C$

Step 5.2.2.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 5.2.2.2.1

Factor $2$ out of $2$ .

$\frac{2 \cdot 2}{2 (1)} u^{2} + C$

Step 5.2.2.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{2 \cdot 2}{2 \cdot 1} u^{2} + C$

Step 5.2.2.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{2}{1} u^{2} + C$

Step 5.2.2.2.4

Divide $2$ by $1$ .

$2 u^{2} + C$

Step 6

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $\ln (x)$ .

$2 \ln^{2} (x) + C$