Calculus Examples

$y = x^{2}$ , $y = x + 3$

Step 1

Solve by substitution to find the intersection between the curves.

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Step 1.1

Eliminate the equal sides of each equation and combine.

$x^{2} = x + 3$

Step 1.2

Solve $x^{2} = x + 3$ for $x$ .

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Step 1.2.1

Subtract $x$ from both sides of the equation.

$x^{2} - x = 3$

Step 1.2.2

Subtract $3$ from both sides of the equation.

$x^{2} - x - 3 = 0$

Step 1.2.3

Use the quadratic formula to find the solutions.

$\frac{- b \pm \sqrt{b^{2} - 4 (a c)}}{2 a} + y = x + 3$

Step 1.2.4

Substitute the values $a = 1$ , $b = - 1$ , and $c = - 3$ into the quadratic formula and solve for $x$ .

$\frac{1 \pm \sqrt{{(- 1)}^{2} - 4 \cdot (1 \cdot - 3)}}{2 \cdot 1} + y = x + 3$

Step 1.2.5

Simplify.

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Step 1.2.5.1

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 1.2.5.1.1

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $2$ .

$x = \frac{1 \pm \sqrt{1 - 4 \cdot 1 \cdot - 3}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Step 1.2.5.1.2

Multiply $- 4 \cdot 1 \cdot - 3$ .

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Step 1.2.5.1.2.1

Multiply $- 4$ by $1$ .

$x = \frac{1 \pm \sqrt{1 - 4 \cdot - 3}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Step 1.2.5.1.2.2

Multiply $- 4$ by $- 3$ .

$x = \frac{1 \pm \sqrt{1 + 12}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Step 1.2.5.1.3

Add $1$ and $12$ .

$x = \frac{1 \pm \sqrt{13}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Step 1.2.5.2

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$x = \frac{1 \pm \sqrt{13}}{2}$

Step 1.2.6

Simplify the expression to solve for the $+$ portion of the $\pm$ .

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Step 1.2.6.1

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 1.2.6.1.1

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $2$ .

$x = \frac{1 \pm \sqrt{1 - 4 \cdot 1 \cdot - 3}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Step 1.2.6.1.2

Multiply $- 4 \cdot 1 \cdot - 3$ .

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Step 1.2.6.1.2.1

Multiply $- 4$ by $1$ .

$x = \frac{1 \pm \sqrt{1 - 4 \cdot - 3}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Step 1.2.6.1.2.2

Multiply $- 4$ by $- 3$ .

$x = \frac{1 \pm \sqrt{1 + 12}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Step 1.2.6.1.3

Add $1$ and $12$ .

$x = \frac{1 \pm \sqrt{13}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Step 1.2.6.2

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$x = \frac{1 \pm \sqrt{13}}{2}$

Step 1.2.6.3

Change the $\pm$ to $+$ .

$x = \frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}$

Step 1.2.7

Simplify the expression to solve for the $-$ portion of the $\pm$ .

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Step 1.2.7.1

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 1.2.7.1.1

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $2$ .

$x = \frac{1 \pm \sqrt{1 - 4 \cdot 1 \cdot - 3}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Step 1.2.7.1.2

Multiply $- 4 \cdot 1 \cdot - 3$ .

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Step 1.2.7.1.2.1

Multiply $- 4$ by $1$ .

$x = \frac{1 \pm \sqrt{1 - 4 \cdot - 3}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Step 1.2.7.1.2.2

Multiply $- 4$ by $- 3$ .

$x = \frac{1 \pm \sqrt{1 + 12}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Step 1.2.7.1.3

Add $1$ and $12$ .

$x = \frac{1 \pm \sqrt{13}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Step 1.2.7.2

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$x = \frac{1 \pm \sqrt{13}}{2}$

Step 1.2.7.3

Change the $\pm$ to $-$ .

$x = \frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}$

Step 1.2.8

The final answer is the combination of both solutions.

$x = \frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}, \frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}$

Step 1.3

Evaluate $y$ when $x = \frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}$ .

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Step 1.3.1

Substitute $\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}$ for $x$ .

$y = (\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}) + 3$

Step 1.3.2

Substitute $\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}$ for $x$ in $y = (\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}) + 3$ and solve for $y$ .

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Step 1.3.2.1

Remove parentheses.

$y = \frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3$

Step 1.3.2.2

Remove parentheses.

$y = (\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}) + 3$

Step 1.3.2.3

Simplify $(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}) + 3$ .

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Step 1.3.2.3.1

To write $3$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$y = \frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 \cdot \frac{2}{2}$

Step 1.3.2.3.2

Combine fractions.

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Step 1.3.2.3.2.1

Combine $3$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$y = \frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{3 \cdot 2}{2}$

Step 1.3.2.3.2.2

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$y = \frac{1 + \sqrt{13} + 3 \cdot 2}{2}$

Step 1.3.2.3.3

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 1.3.2.3.3.1

Multiply $3$ by $2$ .

$y = \frac{1 + \sqrt{13} + 6}{2}$

Step 1.3.2.3.3.2

Add $1$ and $6$ .

$y = \frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2}$

Step 1.4

Evaluate $y$ when $x = \frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}$ .

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Step 1.4.1

Substitute $\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}$ for $x$ .

$y = (\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}) + 3$

Step 1.4.2

Substitute $\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}$ for $x$ in $y = (\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}) + 3$ and solve for $y$ .

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Step 1.4.2.1

Remove parentheses.

$y = \frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3$

Step 1.4.2.2

Remove parentheses.

$y = (\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}) + 3$

Step 1.4.2.3

Simplify $(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}) + 3$ .

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Step 1.4.2.3.1

To write $3$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$y = \frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 \cdot \frac{2}{2}$

Step 1.4.2.3.2

Combine fractions.

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Step 1.4.2.3.2.1

Combine $3$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$y = \frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{3 \cdot 2}{2}$

Step 1.4.2.3.2.2

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$y = \frac{1 - \sqrt{13} + 3 \cdot 2}{2}$

Step 1.4.2.3.3

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 1.4.2.3.3.1

Multiply $3$ by $2$ .

$y = \frac{1 - \sqrt{13} + 6}{2}$

Step 1.4.2.3.3.2

Add $1$ and $6$ .

$y = \frac{7 - \sqrt{13}}{2}$

Step 1.5

The solution to the system is the complete set of ordered pairs that are valid solutions.

$(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}, \frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2})$

$(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}, \frac{7 - \sqrt{13}}{2})$

$(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}, \frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2})$

$(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}, \frac{7 - \sqrt{13}}{2})$

Step 2

The area of the region between the curves is defined as the integral of the upper curve minus the integral of the lower curve over each region. The regions are determined by the intersection points of the curves. This can be done algebraically or graphically.

$A r e a = \int_{\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}}^{\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}} x + 3 d x - \int_{\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}}^{\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}} x^{2} d x$

Step 3

Integrate to find the area between $\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}$ and $\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}$ .

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Step 3.1

Combine the integrals into a single integral.

$\int_{\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}}^{\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}} x + 3 - (x^{2}) d x$

Step 3.2

Multiply $- 1$ by $x^{2}$ .

$\int_{\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}}^{\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}} x + 3 - x^{2} d x$

Step 3.3

Split the single integral into multiple integrals.

$\int_{\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}}^{\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}} x d x + \int_{\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}}^{\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}} 3 d x + \int_{\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}}^{\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}} - x^{2} d x$

Step 3.4

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{2} x^{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{2} x^{2}]_{\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}}^{\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}} + \int_{\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}}^{\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}} 3 d x + \int_{\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}}^{\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}} - x^{2} d x$

Step 3.5

Apply the constant rule.

$\frac{1}{2} x^{2}]_{\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}}^{\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}} + 3 x]_{\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}}^{\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}} + \int_{\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}}^{\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}} - x^{2} d x$

Step 3.6

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $- 1$ out of the integral.

$\frac{1}{2} x^{2}]_{\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}}^{\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}} + 3 x]_{\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}}^{\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}} - \int_{\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}}^{\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}} x^{2} d x$

Step 3.7

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x^{2}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{3} x^{3}$ .

$\frac{1}{2} x^{2}]_{\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}}^{\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}} + 3 x]_{\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}}^{\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}} - (\frac{1}{3} x^{3}]_{\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}}^{\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}})$

Step 3.8

Simplify the answer.

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Step 3.8.1

Simplify.

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Step 3.8.1.1

Combine $\frac{1}{2} x^{2}]_{\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}}^{\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}}$ and $3 x]_{\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}}^{\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}}$ .

$\frac{1}{2} x^{2} + 3 x]_{\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}}^{\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}} - (\frac{1}{3} x^{3}]_{\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}}^{\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}})$

Step 3.8.1.2

Combine $\frac{1}{3}$ and $x^{3}$ .

$\frac{1}{2} x^{2} + 3 x]_{\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}}^{\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}} - (\frac{x^{3}}{3}]_{\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}}^{\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}})$

Step 3.8.2

Substitute and simplify.

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Step 3.8.2.1

Evaluate $\frac{1}{2} x^{2} + 3 x$ at $\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}$ and at $\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}$ .

$(\frac{1}{2} {(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 \frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}) - (\frac{1}{2} {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 \frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}) - (\frac{x^{3}}{3}]_{\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}}^{\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}})$

Step 3.8.2.2

Evaluate $\frac{x^{3}}{3}$ at $\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}$ and at $\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}$ .

$(\frac{1}{2} {(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 \frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}) - (\frac{1}{2} {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 \frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}) - ((\frac{{(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3}}{3}) - \frac{{(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3}}{3})$

Step 3.8.2.3

Simplify.

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Step 3.8.2.3.1

Combine $3$ and $\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{2} {(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + \frac{3 (1 + \sqrt{13})}{2} - (\frac{1}{2} {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 \frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}) - ((\frac{{(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3}}{3}) - \frac{{(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3}}{3})$

Step 3.8.2.3.2

To write $\frac{1}{2} {(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{2} {(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} \cdot \frac{2}{2} + \frac{3 (1 + \sqrt{13})}{2} - (\frac{1}{2} {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 \frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}) - ((\frac{{(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3}}{3}) - \frac{{(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3}}{3})$

Step 3.8.2.3.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2} {(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2}$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{\frac{1}{2} {(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} \cdot 2}{2} + \frac{3 (1 + \sqrt{13})}{2} - (\frac{1}{2} {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 \frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}) - ((\frac{{(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3}}{3}) - \frac{{(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3}}{3})$

Step 3.8.2.3.4

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{\frac{1}{2} {(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} \cdot 2 + 3 (1 + \sqrt{13})}{2} - (\frac{1}{2} {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 \frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}) - ((\frac{{(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3}}{3}) - \frac{{(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3}}{3})$

Step 3.8.2.3.5

Combine $2$ and $\frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{\frac{2}{2} {(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 (1 + \sqrt{13})}{2} - (\frac{1}{2} {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 \frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}) - ((\frac{{(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3}}{3}) - \frac{{(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3}}{3})$

Step 3.8.2.3.6

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 3.8.2.3.6.1

Cancel the common factor.

Step 3.8.2.3.6.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{1 {(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 (1 + \sqrt{13})}{2} - (\frac{1}{2} {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 \frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}) - ((\frac{{(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3}}{3}) - \frac{{(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3}}{3})$

Step 3.8.2.3.7

Multiply ${(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{{(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 (1 + \sqrt{13})}{2} - (\frac{1}{2} {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 \frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}) - ((\frac{{(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3}}{3}) - \frac{{(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3}}{3})$

Step 3.8.2.3.8

Combine $3$ and $\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}$ .

$\frac{{(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 (1 + \sqrt{13})}{2} - (\frac{1}{2} {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + \frac{3 (1 - \sqrt{13})}{2}) - ((\frac{{(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3}}{3}) - \frac{{(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3}}{3})$

Step 3.8.2.3.9

To write $\frac{1}{2} {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{{(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 (1 + \sqrt{13})}{2} - (\frac{1}{2} {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} \cdot \frac{2}{2} + \frac{3 (1 - \sqrt{13})}{2}) - ((\frac{{(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3}}{3}) - \frac{{(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3}}{3})$

Step 3.8.2.3.10

Combine $\frac{1}{2} {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2}$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{{(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 (1 + \sqrt{13})}{2} - (\frac{\frac{1}{2} {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} \cdot 2}{2} + \frac{3 (1 - \sqrt{13})}{2}) - ((\frac{{(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3}}{3}) - \frac{{(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3}}{3})$

Step 3.8.2.3.11

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{{(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 (1 + \sqrt{13})}{2} - \frac{\frac{1}{2} {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} \cdot 2 + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13})}{2} - ((\frac{{(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3}}{3}) - \frac{{(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3}}{3})$

Step 3.8.2.3.12

Combine $2$ and $\frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{{(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 (1 + \sqrt{13})}{2} - \frac{\frac{2}{2} {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13})}{2} - ((\frac{{(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3}}{3}) - \frac{{(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3}}{3})$

Step 3.8.2.3.13

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 3.8.2.3.13.1

Cancel the common factor.

Step 3.8.2.3.13.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{{(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 (1 + \sqrt{13})}{2} - \frac{1 {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13})}{2} - ((\frac{{(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3}}{3}) - \frac{{(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3}}{3})$

Step 3.8.2.3.14

Multiply ${(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{{(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 (1 + \sqrt{13})}{2} - \frac{{(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13})}{2} - ((\frac{{(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3}}{3}) - \frac{{(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3}}{3})$

Step 3.8.2.3.15

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{{(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 (1 + \sqrt{13})}{2} - \frac{{(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13})}{2} - \frac{{(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3}}{3}$

Step 3.8.3

Simplify.

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Step 3.8.3.1

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{{(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 (1 + \sqrt{13}) - ({(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2

Simplify each term.

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Step 3.8.3.2.1

Apply the product rule to $\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}$ .

$\frac{\frac{{(1 + \sqrt{13})}^{2}}{2^{2}} + 3 (1 + \sqrt{13}) - ({(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.2

Raise $2$ to the power of $2$ .

$\frac{\frac{{(1 + \sqrt{13})}^{2}}{4} + 3 (1 + \sqrt{13}) - ({(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.3

Rewrite ${(1 + \sqrt{13})}^{2}$ as $(1 + \sqrt{13}) (1 + \sqrt{13})$ .

$\frac{\frac{(1 + \sqrt{13}) (1 + \sqrt{13})}{4} + 3 (1 + \sqrt{13}) - ({(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.4

Expand $(1 + \sqrt{13}) (1 + \sqrt{13})$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 3.8.3.2.4.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{\frac{1 (1 + \sqrt{13}) + \sqrt{13} (1 + \sqrt{13})}{4} + 3 (1 + \sqrt{13}) - ({(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.4.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{\frac{1 \cdot 1 + 1 \sqrt{13} + \sqrt{13} (1 + \sqrt{13})}{4} + 3 (1 + \sqrt{13}) - ({(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.4.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{\frac{1 \cdot 1 + 1 \sqrt{13} + \sqrt{13} \cdot 1 + \sqrt{13} \sqrt{13}}{4} + 3 (1 + \sqrt{13}) - ({(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.5

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 3.8.3.2.5.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 3.8.3.2.5.1.1

Multiply $1$ by $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{1 + 1 \sqrt{13} + \sqrt{13} \cdot 1 + \sqrt{13} \sqrt{13}}{4} + 3 (1 + \sqrt{13}) - ({(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.5.1.2

Multiply $\sqrt{13}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{1 + \sqrt{13} + \sqrt{13} \cdot 1 + \sqrt{13} \sqrt{13}}{4} + 3 (1 + \sqrt{13}) - ({(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.5.1.3

Multiply $\sqrt{13}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{1 + \sqrt{13} + \sqrt{13} + \sqrt{13} \sqrt{13}}{4} + 3 (1 + \sqrt{13}) - ({(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.5.1.4

Combine using the product rule for radicals.

$\frac{\frac{1 + \sqrt{13} + \sqrt{13} + \sqrt{13 \cdot 13}}{4} + 3 (1 + \sqrt{13}) - ({(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.5.1.5

Multiply $13$ by $13$ .

$\frac{\frac{1 + \sqrt{13} + \sqrt{13} + \sqrt{169}}{4} + 3 (1 + \sqrt{13}) - ({(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.5.1.6

Rewrite $169$ as $13^{2}$ .

$\frac{\frac{1 + \sqrt{13} + \sqrt{13} + \sqrt{13^{2}}}{4} + 3 (1 + \sqrt{13}) - ({(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.5.1.7

Pull terms out from under the radical, assuming positive real numbers.

$\frac{\frac{1 + \sqrt{13} + \sqrt{13} + 13}{4} + 3 (1 + \sqrt{13}) - ({(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.5.2

Add $1$ and $13$ .

$\frac{\frac{14 + \sqrt{13} + \sqrt{13}}{4} + 3 (1 + \sqrt{13}) - ({(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.5.3

Add $\sqrt{13}$ and $\sqrt{13}$ .

$\frac{\frac{14 + 2 \sqrt{13}}{4} + 3 (1 + \sqrt{13}) - ({(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.6

Cancel the common factor of $14 + 2 \sqrt{13}$ and $4$ .

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Step 3.8.3.2.6.1

Factor $2$ out of $14$ .

$\frac{\frac{2 \cdot 7 + 2 \sqrt{13}}{4} + 3 (1 + \sqrt{13}) - ({(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.6.2

Factor $2$ out of $2 \sqrt{13}$ .

$\frac{\frac{2 \cdot 7 + 2 (\sqrt{13})}{4} + 3 (1 + \sqrt{13}) - ({(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.6.3

Factor $2$ out of $2 \cdot 7 + 2 (\sqrt{13})$ .

$\frac{\frac{2 \cdot (7 + \sqrt{13})}{4} + 3 (1 + \sqrt{13}) - ({(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.6.4

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 3.8.3.2.6.4.1

Factor $2$ out of $4$ .

$\frac{\frac{2 \cdot (7 + \sqrt{13})}{2 (2)} + 3 (1 + \sqrt{13}) - ({(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.6.4.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{\frac{2 \cdot (7 + \sqrt{13})}{2 \cdot 2} + 3 (1 + \sqrt{13}) - ({(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.6.4.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 (1 + \sqrt{13}) - ({(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.7

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 \cdot 1 + 3 \sqrt{13} - ({(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.8

Multiply $3$ by $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 + 3 \sqrt{13} - ({(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{2} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.9

Simplify each term.

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Step 3.8.3.2.9.1

Apply the product rule to $\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}$ .

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 + 3 \sqrt{13} - (\frac{{(1 - \sqrt{13})}^{2}}{2^{2}} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.9.2

Raise $2$ to the power of $2$ .

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 + 3 \sqrt{13} - (\frac{{(1 - \sqrt{13})}^{2}}{4} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.9.3

Rewrite ${(1 - \sqrt{13})}^{2}$ as $(1 - \sqrt{13}) (1 - \sqrt{13})$ .

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 + 3 \sqrt{13} - (\frac{(1 - \sqrt{13}) (1 - \sqrt{13})}{4} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.9.4

Expand $(1 - \sqrt{13}) (1 - \sqrt{13})$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 3.8.3.2.9.4.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 + 3 \sqrt{13} - (\frac{1 (1 - \sqrt{13}) - \sqrt{13} (1 - \sqrt{13})}{4} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.9.4.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 + 3 \sqrt{13} - (\frac{1 \cdot 1 + 1 (- \sqrt{13}) - \sqrt{13} (1 - \sqrt{13})}{4} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.9.4.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 + 3 \sqrt{13} - (\frac{1 \cdot 1 + 1 (- \sqrt{13}) - \sqrt{13} \cdot 1 - \sqrt{13} (- \sqrt{13})}{4} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.9.5

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 3.8.3.2.9.5.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 3.8.3.2.9.5.1.1

Multiply $1$ by $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 + 3 \sqrt{13} - (\frac{1 + 1 (- \sqrt{13}) - \sqrt{13} \cdot 1 - \sqrt{13} (- \sqrt{13})}{4} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.9.5.1.2

Multiply $- \sqrt{13}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 + 3 \sqrt{13} - (\frac{1 - \sqrt{13} - \sqrt{13} \cdot 1 - \sqrt{13} (- \sqrt{13})}{4} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.9.5.1.3

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 + 3 \sqrt{13} - (\frac{1 - \sqrt{13} - \sqrt{13} - \sqrt{13} (- \sqrt{13})}{4} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.9.5.1.4

Multiply $- \sqrt{13} (- \sqrt{13})$ .

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Step 3.8.3.2.9.5.1.4.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 + 3 \sqrt{13} - (\frac{1 - \sqrt{13} - \sqrt{13} + 1 \sqrt{13} \sqrt{13}}{4} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.9.5.1.4.2

Multiply $\sqrt{13}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 + 3 \sqrt{13} - (\frac{1 - \sqrt{13} - \sqrt{13} + \sqrt{13} \sqrt{13}}{4} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.9.5.1.4.3

Raise $\sqrt{13}$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 + 3 \sqrt{13} - (\frac{1 - \sqrt{13} - \sqrt{13} + {\sqrt{13}}^{1} \sqrt{13}}{4} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.9.5.1.4.4

Raise $\sqrt{13}$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 + 3 \sqrt{13} - (\frac{1 - \sqrt{13} - \sqrt{13} + {\sqrt{13}}^{1} {\sqrt{13}}^{1}}{4} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.9.5.1.4.5

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 + 3 \sqrt{13} - (\frac{1 - \sqrt{13} - \sqrt{13} + {\sqrt{13}}^{1 + 1}}{4} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.9.5.1.4.6

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 + 3 \sqrt{13} - (\frac{1 - \sqrt{13} - \sqrt{13} + {\sqrt{13}}^{2}}{4} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.9.5.1.5

Rewrite ${\sqrt{13}}^{2}$ as $13$ .

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Step 3.8.3.2.9.5.1.5.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{13}$ as $13^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 + 3 \sqrt{13} - (\frac{1 - \sqrt{13} - \sqrt{13} + {(13^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}{4} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.9.5.1.5.2

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 + 3 \sqrt{13} - (\frac{1 - \sqrt{13} - \sqrt{13} + 13^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2}}{4} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.9.5.1.5.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $2$ .

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 + 3 \sqrt{13} - (\frac{1 - \sqrt{13} - \sqrt{13} + 13^{\frac{2}{2}}}{4} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.9.5.1.5.4

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 3.8.3.2.9.5.1.5.4.1

Cancel the common factor.

Step 3.8.3.2.9.5.1.5.4.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 + 3 \sqrt{13} - (\frac{1 - \sqrt{13} - \sqrt{13} + 13^{1}}{4} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.9.5.1.5.5

Evaluate the exponent.

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 + 3 \sqrt{13} - (\frac{1 - \sqrt{13} - \sqrt{13} + 13}{4} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.9.5.2

Add $1$ and $13$ .

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 + 3 \sqrt{13} - (\frac{14 - \sqrt{13} - \sqrt{13}}{4} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.9.5.3

Subtract $\sqrt{13}$ from $- \sqrt{13}$ .

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 + 3 \sqrt{13} - (\frac{14 - 2 \sqrt{13}}{4} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.9.6

Cancel the common factor of $14 - 2 \sqrt{13}$ and $4$ .

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Step 3.8.3.2.9.6.1

Factor $2$ out of $14$ .

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 + 3 \sqrt{13} - (\frac{2 (7) - 2 \sqrt{13}}{4} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.9.6.2

Factor $2$ out of $- 2 \sqrt{13}$ .

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 + 3 \sqrt{13} - (\frac{2 (7) + 2 (- \sqrt{13})}{4} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.9.6.3

Factor $2$ out of $2 (7) + 2 (- \sqrt{13})$ .

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 + 3 \sqrt{13} - (\frac{2 (7 - \sqrt{13})}{4} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.9.6.4

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 3.8.3.2.9.6.4.1

Factor $2$ out of $4$ .

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 + 3 \sqrt{13} - (\frac{2 (7 - \sqrt{13})}{2 \cdot 2} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.9.6.4.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 + 3 \sqrt{13} - (\frac{2 (7 - \sqrt{13})}{2 \cdot 2} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.9.6.4.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 + 3 \sqrt{13} - (\frac{7 - \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 (1 - \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.9.7

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 + 3 \sqrt{13} - (\frac{7 - \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 \cdot 1 + 3 (- \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.9.8

Multiply $3$ by $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 + 3 \sqrt{13} - (\frac{7 - \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 + 3 (- \sqrt{13}))}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.9.9

Multiply $- 1$ by $3$ .

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 + 3 \sqrt{13} - (\frac{7 - \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 - 3 \sqrt{13})}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.10

To write $3$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 + 3 \sqrt{13} - (\frac{7 - \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 \cdot \frac{2}{2} - 3 \sqrt{13})}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.11

Combine $3$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 + 3 \sqrt{13} - (\frac{7 - \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{3 \cdot 2}{2} - 3 \sqrt{13})}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.12

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 + 3 \sqrt{13} - (\frac{7 - \sqrt{13} + 3 \cdot 2}{2} - 3 \sqrt{13})}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.13

Multiply $3$ by $2$ .

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 + 3 \sqrt{13} - (\frac{7 - \sqrt{13} + 6}{2} - 3 \sqrt{13})}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.14

Add $7$ and $6$ .

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 + 3 \sqrt{13} - (\frac{13 - \sqrt{13}}{2} - 3 \sqrt{13})}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.15

To write $- 3 \sqrt{13}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 + 3 \sqrt{13} - (\frac{13 - \sqrt{13}}{2} - 3 \sqrt{13} \cdot \frac{2}{2})}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.16

Combine $- 3 \sqrt{13}$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 + 3 \sqrt{13} - (\frac{13 - \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- 3 \sqrt{13} \cdot 2}{2})}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.17

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 + 3 \sqrt{13} - \frac{13 - \sqrt{13} - 3 \sqrt{13} \cdot 2}{2}}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.18

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 3.8.3.2.18.1

Multiply $2$ by $- 3$ .

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 + 3 \sqrt{13} - \frac{13 - \sqrt{13} - 6 \sqrt{13}}{2}}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.2.18.2

Subtract $6 \sqrt{13}$ from $- \sqrt{13}$ .

$\frac{\frac{7 + \sqrt{13}}{2} + 3 + 3 \sqrt{13} - \frac{13 - 7 \sqrt{13}}{2}}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.3

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{3 + 3 \sqrt{13} + \frac{7 + \sqrt{13} - (13 - 7 \sqrt{13})}{2}}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.4

Simplify each term.

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Step 3.8.3.4.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{3 + 3 \sqrt{13} + \frac{7 + \sqrt{13} - 1 \cdot 13 - (- 7 \sqrt{13})}{2}}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.4.2

Multiply $- 1$ by $13$ .

$\frac{3 + 3 \sqrt{13} + \frac{7 + \sqrt{13} - 13 - (- 7 \sqrt{13})}{2}}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.4.3

Multiply $- 7$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{3 + 3 \sqrt{13} + \frac{7 + \sqrt{13} - 13 + 7 \sqrt{13}}{2}}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.5

Subtract $13$ from $7$ .

$\frac{3 + 3 \sqrt{13} + \frac{- 6 + \sqrt{13} + 7 \sqrt{13}}{2}}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.6

Add $\sqrt{13}$ and $7 \sqrt{13}$ .

$\frac{3 + 3 \sqrt{13} + \frac{- 6 + 8 \sqrt{13}}{2}}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.7

Cancel the common factor of $- 6 + 8 \sqrt{13}$ and $2$ .

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Step 3.8.3.7.1

Factor $2$ out of $- 6$ .

$\frac{3 + 3 \sqrt{13} + \frac{2 \cdot - 3 + 8 \sqrt{13}}{2}}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.7.2

Factor $2$ out of $8 \sqrt{13}$ .

$\frac{3 + 3 \sqrt{13} + \frac{2 \cdot - 3 + 2 (4 \sqrt{13})}{2}}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.7.3

Factor $2$ out of $2 (- 3) + 2 (4 \sqrt{13})$ .

$\frac{3 + 3 \sqrt{13} + \frac{2 (- 3 + 4 \sqrt{13})}{2}}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.7.4

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 3.8.3.7.4.1

Factor $2$ out of $2$ .

$\frac{3 + 3 \sqrt{13} + \frac{2 (- 3 + 4 \sqrt{13})}{2 (1)}}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.7.4.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{3 + 3 \sqrt{13} + \frac{2 (- 3 + 4 \sqrt{13})}{2 \cdot 1}}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.7.4.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{3 + 3 \sqrt{13} + \frac{- 3 + 4 \sqrt{13}}{1}}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.7.4.4

Divide $- 3 + 4 \sqrt{13}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{3 + 3 \sqrt{13} - 3 + 4 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.8

Subtract $3$ from $3$ .

$\frac{0 + 3 \sqrt{13} + 4 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.9

Add $0$ and $3 \sqrt{13}$ .

$\frac{3 \sqrt{13} + 4 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.10

Add $3 \sqrt{13}$ and $4 \sqrt{13}$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- ({(\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11

Simplify each term.

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Step 3.8.3.11.1

Apply the product rule to $\frac{1 + \sqrt{13}}{2}$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (\frac{{(1 + \sqrt{13})}^{3}}{2^{3}} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.2

Raise $2$ to the power of $3$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (\frac{{(1 + \sqrt{13})}^{3}}{8} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.3

Use the Binomial Theorem.

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (\frac{1^{3} + 3 \cdot 1^{2} \sqrt{13} + 3 \cdot 1 {\sqrt{13}}^{2} + {\sqrt{13}}^{3}}{8} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.4

Simplify each term.

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Step 3.8.3.11.4.1

One to any power is one.

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (\frac{1 + 3 \cdot 1^{2} \sqrt{13} + 3 \cdot 1 {\sqrt{13}}^{2} + {\sqrt{13}}^{3}}{8} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.4.2

One to any power is one.

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (\frac{1 + 3 \cdot 1 \sqrt{13} + 3 \cdot 1 {\sqrt{13}}^{2} + {\sqrt{13}}^{3}}{8} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.4.3

Multiply $3$ by $1$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (\frac{1 + 3 \sqrt{13} + 3 \cdot 1 {\sqrt{13}}^{2} + {\sqrt{13}}^{3}}{8} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.4.4

Multiply $3$ by $1$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (\frac{1 + 3 \sqrt{13} + 3 {\sqrt{13}}^{2} + {\sqrt{13}}^{3}}{8} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.4.5

Rewrite ${\sqrt{13}}^{2}$ as $13$ .

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Step 3.8.3.11.4.5.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{13}$ as $13^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (\frac{1 + 3 \sqrt{13} + 3 {(13^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2} + {\sqrt{13}}^{3}}{8} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.4.5.2

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (\frac{1 + 3 \sqrt{13} + 3 \cdot 13^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2} + {\sqrt{13}}^{3}}{8} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.4.5.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $2$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (\frac{1 + 3 \sqrt{13} + 3 \cdot 13^{\frac{2}{2}} + {\sqrt{13}}^{3}}{8} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.4.5.4

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 3.8.3.11.4.5.4.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (\frac{1 + 3 \sqrt{13} + 3 \cdot 13^{\frac{2}{2}} + {\sqrt{13}}^{3}}{8} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.4.5.4.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (\frac{1 + 3 \sqrt{13} + 3 \cdot 13^{1} + {\sqrt{13}}^{3}}{8} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.4.5.5

Evaluate the exponent.

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (\frac{1 + 3 \sqrt{13} + 3 \cdot 13 + {\sqrt{13}}^{3}}{8} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.4.6

Multiply $3$ by $13$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (\frac{1 + 3 \sqrt{13} + 39 + {\sqrt{13}}^{3}}{8} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.4.7

Rewrite ${\sqrt{13}}^{3}$ as $\sqrt{13^{3}}$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (\frac{1 + 3 \sqrt{13} + 39 + \sqrt{13^{3}}}{8} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.4.8

Raise $13$ to the power of $3$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (\frac{1 + 3 \sqrt{13} + 39 + \sqrt{2197}}{8} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.4.9

Rewrite $2197$ as $13^{2} \cdot 13$ .

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Step 3.8.3.11.4.9.1

Factor $169$ out of $2197$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (\frac{1 + 3 \sqrt{13} + 39 + \sqrt{169 (13)}}{8} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.4.9.2

Rewrite $169$ as $13^{2}$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (\frac{1 + 3 \sqrt{13} + 39 + \sqrt{13^{2} \cdot 13}}{8} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.4.10

Pull terms out from under the radical.

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (\frac{1 + 3 \sqrt{13} + 39 + 13 \sqrt{13}}{8} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.5

Add $1$ and $39$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (\frac{40 + 3 \sqrt{13} + 13 \sqrt{13}}{8} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.6

Add $3 \sqrt{13}$ and $13 \sqrt{13}$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (\frac{40 + 16 \sqrt{13}}{8} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.7

Cancel the common factor of $40 + 16 \sqrt{13}$ and $8$ .

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Step 3.8.3.11.7.1

Factor $8$ out of $40$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (\frac{8 \cdot 5 + 16 \sqrt{13}}{8} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.7.2

Factor $8$ out of $16 \sqrt{13}$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (\frac{8 \cdot 5 + 8 (2 \sqrt{13})}{8} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.7.3

Factor $8$ out of $8 (5) + 8 (2 \sqrt{13})$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (\frac{8 (5 + 2 \sqrt{13})}{8} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.7.4

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 3.8.3.11.7.4.1

Factor $8$ out of $8$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (\frac{8 (5 + 2 \sqrt{13})}{8 (1)} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.7.4.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (\frac{8 (5 + 2 \sqrt{13})}{8 \cdot 1} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.7.4.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (\frac{5 + 2 \sqrt{13}}{1} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.7.4.4

Divide $5 + 2 \sqrt{13}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (5 + 2 \sqrt{13} - {(\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2})}^{3})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.8

Apply the product rule to $\frac{1 - \sqrt{13}}{2}$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (5 + 2 \sqrt{13} - \frac{{(1 - \sqrt{13})}^{3}}{2^{3}})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.9

Raise $2$ to the power of $3$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (5 + 2 \sqrt{13} - \frac{{(1 - \sqrt{13})}^{3}}{8})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.10

Use the Binomial Theorem.

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (5 + 2 \sqrt{13} - \frac{1^{3} + 3 \cdot 1^{2} (- \sqrt{13}) + 3 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{13})}^{2} + {(- \sqrt{13})}^{3}}{8})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.11

Simplify each term.

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Step 3.8.3.11.11.1

One to any power is one.

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (5 + 2 \sqrt{13} - \frac{1 + 3 \cdot 1^{2} (- \sqrt{13}) + 3 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{13})}^{2} + {(- \sqrt{13})}^{3}}{8})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.11.2

One to any power is one.

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (5 + 2 \sqrt{13} - \frac{1 + 3 \cdot 1 (- \sqrt{13}) + 3 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{13})}^{2} + {(- \sqrt{13})}^{3}}{8})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.11.3

Multiply $3$ by $1$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (5 + 2 \sqrt{13} - \frac{1 + 3 (- \sqrt{13}) + 3 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{13})}^{2} + {(- \sqrt{13})}^{3}}{8})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.11.4

Multiply $- 1$ by $3$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (5 + 2 \sqrt{13} - \frac{1 - 3 \sqrt{13} + 3 \cdot 1 {(- \sqrt{13})}^{2} + {(- \sqrt{13})}^{3}}{8})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.11.5

Multiply $3$ by $1$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (5 + 2 \sqrt{13} - \frac{1 - 3 \sqrt{13} + 3 {(- \sqrt{13})}^{2} + {(- \sqrt{13})}^{3}}{8})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.11.6

Apply the product rule to $- \sqrt{13}$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (5 + 2 \sqrt{13} - \frac{1 - 3 \sqrt{13} + 3 ({(- 1)}^{2} {\sqrt{13}}^{2}) + {(- \sqrt{13})}^{3}}{8})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.11.7

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $2$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (5 + 2 \sqrt{13} - \frac{1 - 3 \sqrt{13} + 3 (1 {\sqrt{13}}^{2}) + {(- \sqrt{13})}^{3}}{8})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.11.8

Multiply ${\sqrt{13}}^{2}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (5 + 2 \sqrt{13} - \frac{1 - 3 \sqrt{13} + 3 {\sqrt{13}}^{2} + {(- \sqrt{13})}^{3}}{8})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.11.9

Rewrite ${\sqrt{13}}^{2}$ as $13$ .

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Step 3.8.3.11.11.9.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{13}$ as $13^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (5 + 2 \sqrt{13} - \frac{1 - 3 \sqrt{13} + 3 {(13^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2} + {(- \sqrt{13})}^{3}}{8})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.11.9.2

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (5 + 2 \sqrt{13} - \frac{1 - 3 \sqrt{13} + 3 \cdot 13^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2} + {(- \sqrt{13})}^{3}}{8})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.11.9.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $2$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (5 + 2 \sqrt{13} - \frac{1 - 3 \sqrt{13} + 3 \cdot 13^{\frac{2}{2}} + {(- \sqrt{13})}^{3}}{8})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.11.9.4

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 3.8.3.11.11.9.4.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (5 + 2 \sqrt{13} - \frac{1 - 3 \sqrt{13} + 3 \cdot 13^{\frac{2}{2}} + {(- \sqrt{13})}^{3}}{8})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.11.9.4.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (5 + 2 \sqrt{13} - \frac{1 - 3 \sqrt{13} + 3 \cdot 13^{1} + {(- \sqrt{13})}^{3}}{8})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.11.9.5

Evaluate the exponent.

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (5 + 2 \sqrt{13} - \frac{1 - 3 \sqrt{13} + 3 \cdot 13 + {(- \sqrt{13})}^{3}}{8})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.11.10

Multiply $3$ by $13$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (5 + 2 \sqrt{13} - \frac{1 - 3 \sqrt{13} + 39 + {(- \sqrt{13})}^{3}}{8})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.11.11

Apply the product rule to $- \sqrt{13}$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (5 + 2 \sqrt{13} - \frac{1 - 3 \sqrt{13} + 39 + {(- 1)}^{3} {\sqrt{13}}^{3}}{8})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.11.12

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $3$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (5 + 2 \sqrt{13} - \frac{1 - 3 \sqrt{13} + 39 - {\sqrt{13}}^{3}}{8})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.11.13

Rewrite ${\sqrt{13}}^{3}$ as $\sqrt{13^{3}}$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (5 + 2 \sqrt{13} - \frac{1 - 3 \sqrt{13} + 39 - \sqrt{13^{3}}}{8})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.11.14

Raise $13$ to the power of $3$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (5 + 2 \sqrt{13} - \frac{1 - 3 \sqrt{13} + 39 - \sqrt{2197}}{8})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.11.15

Rewrite $2197$ as $13^{2} \cdot 13$ .

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Step 3.8.3.11.11.15.1

Factor $169$ out of $2197$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (5 + 2 \sqrt{13} - \frac{1 - 3 \sqrt{13} + 39 - \sqrt{169 (13)}}{8})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.11.15.2

Rewrite $169$ as $13^{2}$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (5 + 2 \sqrt{13} - \frac{1 - 3 \sqrt{13} + 39 - \sqrt{13^{2} \cdot 13}}{8})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.11.16

Pull terms out from under the radical.

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (5 + 2 \sqrt{13} - \frac{1 - 3 \sqrt{13} + 39 - (13 \sqrt{13})}{8})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.11.17

Multiply $13$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (5 + 2 \sqrt{13} - \frac{1 - 3 \sqrt{13} + 39 - 13 \sqrt{13}}{8})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.12

Add $1$ and $39$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (5 + 2 \sqrt{13} - \frac{40 - 3 \sqrt{13} - 13 \sqrt{13}}{8})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.13

Subtract $13 \sqrt{13}$ from $- 3 \sqrt{13}$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (5 + 2 \sqrt{13} - \frac{40 - 16 \sqrt{13}}{8})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.14

Cancel the common factor of $40 - 16 \sqrt{13}$ and $8$ .

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Step 3.8.3.11.14.1

Factor $8$ out of $40$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (5 + 2 \sqrt{13} - \frac{8 \cdot 5 - 16 \sqrt{13}}{8})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.14.2

Factor $8$ out of $- 16 \sqrt{13}$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (5 + 2 \sqrt{13} - \frac{8 \cdot 5 + 8 (- 2 \sqrt{13})}{8})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.14.3

Factor $8$ out of $8 (5) + 8 (- 2 \sqrt{13})$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (5 + 2 \sqrt{13} - \frac{8 (5 - 2 \sqrt{13})}{8})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.14.4

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 3.8.3.11.14.4.1

Factor $8$ out of $8$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (5 + 2 \sqrt{13} - \frac{8 (5 - 2 \sqrt{13})}{8 (1)})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.14.4.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (5 + 2 \sqrt{13} - \frac{8 (5 - 2 \sqrt{13})}{8 \cdot 1})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.14.4.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (5 + 2 \sqrt{13} - \frac{5 - 2 \sqrt{13}}{1})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.14.4.4

Divide $5 - 2 \sqrt{13}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (5 + 2 \sqrt{13} - (5 - 2 \sqrt{13}))}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.15

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (5 + 2 \sqrt{13} - 1 \cdot 5 - (- 2 \sqrt{13}))}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.16

Multiply $- 1$ by $5$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (5 + 2 \sqrt{13} - 5 - (- 2 \sqrt{13}))}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.11.17

Multiply $- 2$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (5 + 2 \sqrt{13} - 5 + 2 \sqrt{13})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.12

Subtract $5$ from $5$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (0 + 2 \sqrt{13} + 2 \sqrt{13})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.13

Add $0$ and $2 \sqrt{13}$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (2 \sqrt{13} + 2 \sqrt{13})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.14

Add $2 \sqrt{13}$ and $2 \sqrt{13}$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- (4 \sqrt{13})}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.15

Multiply $4$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} + \frac{- 4 \sqrt{13}}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.16

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} - \frac{4 \sqrt{13}}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.17

To write $\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{3}{3}$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} \cdot \frac{3}{3} - \frac{4 \sqrt{13}}{3}$

Step 3.8.3.18

To write $- \frac{4 \sqrt{13}}{3}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2} \cdot \frac{3}{3} - \frac{4 \sqrt{13}}{3} \cdot \frac{2}{2}$

Step 3.8.3.19

Write each expression with a common denominator of $6$ , by multiplying each by an appropriate factor of $1$ .

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Step 3.8.3.19.1

Multiply $\frac{7 \sqrt{13}}{2}$ by $\frac{3}{3}$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13} \cdot 3}{2 \cdot 3} - \frac{4 \sqrt{13}}{3} \cdot \frac{2}{2}$

Step 3.8.3.19.2

Multiply $2$ by $3$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13} \cdot 3}{6} - \frac{4 \sqrt{13}}{3} \cdot \frac{2}{2}$

Step 3.8.3.19.3

Multiply $\frac{4 \sqrt{13}}{3}$ by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13} \cdot 3}{6} - \frac{4 \sqrt{13} \cdot 2}{3 \cdot 2}$

Step 3.8.3.19.4

Multiply $3$ by $2$ .

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13} \cdot 3}{6} - \frac{4 \sqrt{13} \cdot 2}{6}$

Step 3.8.3.20

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{7 \sqrt{13} \cdot 3 - 4 \sqrt{13} \cdot 2}{6}$

Step 3.8.3.21

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 3.8.3.21.1

Multiply $3$ by $7$ .

$\frac{21 \sqrt{13} - 4 \sqrt{13} \cdot 2}{6}$

Step 3.8.3.21.2

Multiply $2$ by $- 4$ .

$\frac{21 \sqrt{13} - 8 \sqrt{13}}{6}$

Step 3.8.3.21.3

Subtract $8 \sqrt{13}$ from $21 \sqrt{13}$ .

$\frac{13 \sqrt{13}}{6}$

Step 4

The result can be shown in multiple forms.

Exact Form:

$\frac{13 \sqrt{13}}{6}$

Decimal Form:

$7.81202776 \dots$

Step 5