Calculus Examples

Evaluate the Integral integral of ( square root of x^2-4)/x with respect to x
Step 1
Let , where . Then . Note that since , is positive.
Step 2
Simplify terms.
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Step 2.1
Simplify .
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Step 2.1.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 2.1.1.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 2.1.1.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.1.2
Factor out of .
Step 2.1.3
Factor out of .
Step 2.1.4
Factor out of .
Step 2.1.5
Apply pythagorean identity.
Step 2.1.6
Rewrite as .
Step 2.1.7
Pull terms out from under the radical, assuming positive real numbers.
Step 2.2
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 2.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 2.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 3
Raise to the power of .
Step 4
Raise to the power of .
Step 5
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 6
Add and .
Step 7
Since is constant with respect to , move out of the integral.
Step 8
Using the Pythagorean Identity, rewrite as .
Step 9
Split the single integral into multiple integrals.
Step 10
Apply the constant rule.
Step 11
Since the derivative of is , the integral of is .
Step 12
Simplify.
Step 13
Replace all occurrences of with .
Step 14
Simplify.
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Step 14.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 14.1.1
Draw a triangle in the plane with vertices , , and the origin. Then is the angle between the positive x-axis and the ray beginning at the origin and passing through . Therefore, is .
Step 14.1.2
Rewrite as .
Step 14.1.3
Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, where and .
Step 14.1.4
Write as a fraction with a common denominator.
Step 14.1.5
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 14.1.6
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 14.1.7
Combine and .
Step 14.1.8
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 14.1.9
Multiply by .
Step 14.1.10
Multiply by .
Step 14.1.11
Multiply by .
Step 14.1.12
Rewrite as .
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Step 14.1.12.1
Factor the perfect power out of .
Step 14.1.12.2
Factor the perfect power out of .
Step 14.1.12.3
Rearrange the fraction .
Step 14.1.13
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 14.1.14
Combine and .
Step 14.2
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 14.3
Combine and .
Step 14.4
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 14.5
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 14.5.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 14.5.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 14.6
Multiply by .
Step 15
Reorder terms.