Calculus Examples

$\frac{1}{4 \sqrt{x + x \sqrt{x}}}$

Step 1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{x}$ as $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1}{4 \sqrt{x + x \cdot x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}]$

Step 2

Multiply $x$ by $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 2.1

Multiply $x$ by $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

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Step 2.1.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1}{4 \sqrt{x + x^{1} x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}]$

Step 2.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1}{4 \sqrt{x + x^{1 + \frac{1}{2}}}}]$

Step 2.2

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1}{4 \sqrt{x + x^{\frac{2}{2} + \frac{1}{2}}}}]$

Step 2.3

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1}{4 \sqrt{x + x^{\frac{2 + 1}{2}}}}]$

Step 2.4

Add $2$ and $1$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1}{4 \sqrt{x + x^{\frac{3}{2}}}}]$

Step 3

Differentiate using the Constant Multiple Rule.

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Step 3.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{x + x^{\frac{3}{2}}}$ as ${(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1}{4 {(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}]$

Step 3.2

Since $\frac{1}{4}$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $\frac{1}{4 {(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{4} \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1}{{(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}]$ .

$\frac{1}{4} \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1}{{(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}]$

Step 3.3

Apply basic rules of exponents.

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Step 3.3.1

Rewrite $\frac{1}{{(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ as ${({(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{- 1}$ .

$\frac{1}{4} \frac{d}{d x} [{({(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{- 1}]$

Step 3.3.2

Multiply the exponents in ${({(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{- 1}$ .

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Step 3.3.2.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\frac{1}{4} \frac{d}{d x} [{(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot - 1}]$

Step 3.3.2.2

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $- 1$ .

$\frac{1}{4} \frac{d}{d x} [{(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{- 1}{2}}]$

Step 3.3.2.3

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{1}{4} \frac{d}{d x} [{(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}]$

Step 4

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ and $g (x) = x + x^{\frac{3}{2}}$ .

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Step 4.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u$ as $x + x^{\frac{3}{2}}$ .

$\frac{1}{4} (\frac{d}{d u} [u^{- \frac{1}{2}}] \frac{d}{d x} [x + x^{\frac{3}{2}}])$

Step 4.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u} [u^{n}]$ is $n u^{n - 1}$ where $n = - \frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{4} (- \frac{1}{2} u^{- \frac{1}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [x + x^{\frac{3}{2}}])$

Step 4.3

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $x + x^{\frac{3}{2}}$ .

$\frac{1}{4} (- \frac{1}{2} {(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{- \frac{1}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [x + x^{\frac{3}{2}}])$

Step 5

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{4} (- \frac{1}{2} {(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{- \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x + x^{\frac{3}{2}}])$

Step 6

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{4} (- \frac{1}{2} {(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{- \frac{1}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x + x^{\frac{3}{2}}])$

Step 7

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{1}{4} (- \frac{1}{2} {(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{- 1 - 1 \cdot 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x + x^{\frac{3}{2}}])$

Step 8

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 8.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{1}{4} (- \frac{1}{2} {(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{- 1 - 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x + x^{\frac{3}{2}}])$

Step 8.2

Subtract $2$ from $- 1$ .

$\frac{1}{4} (- \frac{1}{2} {(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{- 3}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x + x^{\frac{3}{2}}])$

Step 9

Combine fractions.

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Step 9.1

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{1}{4} (- \frac{1}{2} {(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{- \frac{3}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x + x^{\frac{3}{2}}])$

Step 9.2

Combine ${(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{- \frac{3}{2}}$ and $\frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{4} (- \frac{{(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{- \frac{3}{2}}}{2} \frac{d}{d x} [x + x^{\frac{3}{2}}])$

Step 9.3

Move ${(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{- \frac{3}{2}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$\frac{1}{4} (- \frac{1}{2 {(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} \frac{d}{d x} [x + x^{\frac{3}{2}}])$

Step 9.4

Multiply $\frac{1}{4}$ by $\frac{1}{2 {(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$ .

$- \frac{1}{4 (2 {(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{3}{2}})} \frac{d}{d x} [x + x^{\frac{3}{2}}]$

Step 9.5

Multiply $2$ by $4$ .

$- \frac{1}{8 {(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} \frac{d}{d x} [x + x^{\frac{3}{2}}]$

Step 10

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $x + x^{\frac{3}{2}}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{3}{2}}]$ .

$- \frac{1}{8 {(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} (\frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{3}{2}}])$

Step 11

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$- \frac{1}{8 {(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} (1 + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{3}{2}}])$

Step 12

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = \frac{3}{2}$ .

$- \frac{1}{8 {(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} (1 + \frac{3}{2} x^{\frac{3}{2} - 1})$

Step 13

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$- \frac{1}{8 {(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} (1 + \frac{3}{2} x^{\frac{3}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2}})$

Step 14

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$- \frac{1}{8 {(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} (1 + \frac{3}{2} x^{\frac{3}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2}})$

Step 15

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$- \frac{1}{8 {(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} (1 + \frac{3}{2} x^{\frac{3 - 1 \cdot 2}{2}})$

Step 16

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 16.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$- \frac{1}{8 {(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} (1 + \frac{3}{2} x^{\frac{3 - 2}{2}})$

Step 16.2

Subtract $2$ from $3$ .

$- \frac{1}{8 {(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} (1 + \frac{3}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2}})$

Step 17

Combine $\frac{3}{2}$ and $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$- \frac{1}{8 {(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} (1 + \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2})$

Step 18

Simplify.

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Step 18.1

Reorder the factors of $- \frac{1}{8 {(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} (1 + \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2})$ .

$- (1 + \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2}) \frac{1}{8 {(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 18.2

Apply the distributive property.

$(- 1 \cdot 1 - \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2}) \frac{1}{8 {(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 18.3

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

$(- 1 - \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2}) \frac{1}{8 {(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 18.4

Multiply $- 1 - \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2}$ by $\frac{1}{8 {(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{- 1 - \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2}}{8 {(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 18.5

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 18.5.1

Factor $- 1$ out of $- 1 - \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2}$ .

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Step 18.5.1.1

Rewrite $- 1$ as $- 1 (1)$ .

$\frac{- 1 (1) - \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2}}{8 {(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 18.5.1.2

Factor $- 1$ out of $- \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2}$ .

$\frac{- 1 (1) - (\frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2})}{8 {(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 18.5.1.3

Factor $- 1$ out of $- 1 (1) - (\frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2})$ .

$\frac{- 1 (1 + \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2})}{8 {(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 18.5.1.4

Rewrite $- 1 (1 + \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2})$ as $- (1 + \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2})$ .

$\frac{- (1 + \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2})}{8 {(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 18.5.2

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$\frac{- (\frac{2}{2} + \frac{3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2})}{8 {(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 18.5.3

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{- \frac{2 + 3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2}}{8 {(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 18.6

Multiply the numerator by the reciprocal of the denominator.

$- \frac{2 + 3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{8 {(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 18.7

Multiply $- \frac{2 + 3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{8 {(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$ .

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Step 18.7.1

Multiply $\frac{1}{8 {(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$ by $\frac{2 + 3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2}$ .

$- \frac{2 + 3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{8 {(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{3}{2}} \cdot 2}$

Step 18.7.2

Multiply $2$ by $8$ .

$- \frac{2 + 3 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{16 {(x + x^{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$