Calculus Examples

$\frac{\sqrt{x}}{x^{3} + 1}$

Step 1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{x}$ as $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{x^{3} + 1}]$

Step 2

Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{f (x)}{g (x)}]$ is $\frac{g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)] - f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)]}{{g (x)}^{2}}$ where $f (x) = x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $g (x) = x^{3} + 1$ .

$\frac{(x^{3} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}] - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3} + 1]}{{(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = \frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{(x^{3} + 1) (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2} - 1}) - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3} + 1]}{{(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 4

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{(x^{3} + 1) (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2}}) - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3} + 1]}{{(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 5

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{(x^{3} + 1) (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2}}) - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3} + 1]}{{(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 6

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{(x^{3} + 1) (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1 - 1 \cdot 2}{2}}) - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3} + 1]}{{(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 7

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 7.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{(x^{3} + 1) (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1 - 2}{2}}) - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3} + 1]}{{(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 7.2

Subtract $2$ from $1$ .

$\frac{(x^{3} + 1) (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{- 1}{2}}) - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3} + 1]}{{(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 8

Combine fractions.

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Step 8.1

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{(x^{3} + 1) (\frac{1}{2} x^{- \frac{1}{2}}) - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3} + 1]}{{(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 8.2

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{(x^{3} + 1) \frac{x^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3} + 1]}{{(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 8.3

Move $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$\frac{(x^{3} + 1) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3} + 1]}{{(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 9

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $x^{3} + 1$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}] + \frac{d}{d x} [1]$ .

$\frac{(x^{3} + 1) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}] + \frac{d}{d x} [1])}{{(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 10

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 3$ .

$\frac{(x^{3} + 1) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} (3 x^{2} + \frac{d}{d x} [1])}{{(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 11

Since $1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $1$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$\frac{(x^{3} + 1) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} (3 x^{2} + 0)}{{(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 12

Simplify the expression.

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Step 12.1

Add $3 x^{2}$ and $0$ .

$\frac{(x^{3} + 1) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} (3 x^{2})}{{(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 12.2

Multiply $3$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{(x^{3} + 1) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - 3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2}}{{(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 13

Multiply $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by $x^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.1

Move $x^{2}$ .

$\frac{(x^{3} + 1) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - 3 (x^{2} x^{\frac{1}{2}})}{{(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 13.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{(x^{3} + 1) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - 3 x^{2 + \frac{1}{2}}}{{(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 13.3

To write $2$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{(x^{3} + 1) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - 3 x^{2 \cdot \frac{2}{2} + \frac{1}{2}}}{{(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 13.4

Combine $2$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{(x^{3} + 1) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - 3 x^{\frac{2 \cdot 2}{2} + \frac{1}{2}}}{{(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 13.5

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{(x^{3} + 1) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - 3 x^{\frac{2 \cdot 2 + 1}{2}}}{{(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 13.6

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 13.6.1

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$\frac{(x^{3} + 1) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - 3 x^{\frac{4 + 1}{2}}}{{(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 13.6.2

Add $4$ and $1$ .

$\frac{(x^{3} + 1) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - 3 x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{{(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14

Simplify.

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Step 14.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{x^{3} \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + 1 \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - 3 x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{{(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14.2

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 14.2.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 14.2.1.1

Cancel the common factor of $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

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Step 14.2.1.1.1

Factor $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ out of $x^{3}$ .

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{5}{2}} \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + 1 \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - 3 x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{{(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14.2.1.1.2

Factor $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ out of $2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{5}{2}} \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 2} + 1 \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - 3 x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{{(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14.2.1.1.3

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{5}{2}} \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 2} + 1 \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - 3 x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{{(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14.2.1.1.4

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{x^{\frac{5}{2}} \frac{1}{2} + 1 \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - 3 x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{{(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14.2.1.2

Combine $x^{\frac{5}{2}}$ and $\frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{2} + 1 \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - 3 x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{{(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14.2.1.3

Multiply $\frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - 3 x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{{(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14.2.2

To write $- 3 x^{\frac{5}{2}}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{2} - 3 x^{\frac{5}{2}} \cdot \frac{2}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14.2.3

Combine $- 3 x^{\frac{5}{2}}$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{2} + \frac{- 3 x^{\frac{5}{2}} \cdot 2}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14.2.4

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{5}{2}} - 3 x^{\frac{5}{2}} \cdot 2}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14.2.5

Simplify each term.

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Step 14.2.5.1

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 14.2.5.1.1

Factor $x^{\frac{5}{2}}$ out of $x^{\frac{5}{2}} - 3 x^{\frac{5}{2}} \cdot 2$ .

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Step 14.2.5.1.1.1

Move $x^{\frac{5}{2}}$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{5}{2}} - 3 \cdot 2 x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14.2.5.1.1.2

Multiply by $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{5}{2}} \cdot 1 - 3 \cdot 2 x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14.2.5.1.1.3

Factor $x^{\frac{5}{2}}$ out of $- 3 \cdot 2 x^{\frac{5}{2}}$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{5}{2}} \cdot 1 + x^{\frac{5}{2}} (- 3 \cdot 2)}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14.2.5.1.1.4

Factor $x^{\frac{5}{2}}$ out of $x^{\frac{5}{2}} \cdot 1 + x^{\frac{5}{2}} (- 3 \cdot 2)$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{5}{2}} (1 - 3 \cdot 2)}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14.2.5.1.2

Multiply $- 3$ by $2$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{5}{2}} (1 - 6)}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14.2.5.1.3

Subtract $6$ from $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{5}{2}} \cdot - 5}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14.2.5.2

Move $- 5$ to the left of $x^{\frac{5}{2}}$ .

$\frac{\frac{- 5 \cdot x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14.2.5.3

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{- \frac{5 x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14.3

Combine terms.

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Step 14.3.1

Multiply $\frac{- \frac{5 x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$ by $\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot \frac{- \frac{5 x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.2

Combine.

$\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- \frac{5 x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}})}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- \frac{5 x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{2}) + 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.4

Cancel the common factor of $2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

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Step 14.3.4.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- \frac{5 x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{2}) + 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.4.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- \frac{5 x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{2}) + 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.5

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{- 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{5 x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{2} + 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.6

Combine $- 2$ and $\frac{5 x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{- 2 (5 x^{\frac{5}{2}})}{2} + 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.7

Multiply $5$ by $- 2$ .

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{- 10 x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{2} + 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.8

Combine $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $\frac{- 10 x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{2}$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 10 x^{\frac{5}{2}})}{2} + 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.9

Multiply $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by $x^{\frac{5}{2}}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 14.3.9.1

Move $x^{\frac{5}{2}}$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{5}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot - 10}{2} + 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.9.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{5}{2} + \frac{1}{2}} \cdot - 10}{2} + 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.9.3

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{5 + 1}{2}} \cdot - 10}{2} + 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.9.4

Add $5$ and $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{6}{2}} \cdot - 10}{2} + 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.9.5

Divide $6$ by $2$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{3} \cdot - 10}{2} + 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.10

Move $- 10$ to the left of $x^{3}$ .

$\frac{\frac{- 10 \cdot x^{3}}{2} + 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.11

Cancel the common factor of $- 10$ and $2$ .

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Step 14.3.11.1

Factor $2$ out of $- 10 x^{3}$ .

$\frac{\frac{2 (- 5 x^{3})}{2} + 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.11.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 14.3.11.2.1

Factor $2$ out of $2$ .

$\frac{\frac{2 (- 5 x^{3})}{2 (1)} + 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.11.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{\frac{2 (- 5 x^{3})}{2 \cdot 1} + 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.11.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{\frac{- 5 x^{3}}{1} + 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.11.2.4

Divide $- 5 x^{3}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{- 5 x^{3} + 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(x^{3} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14.4

Simplify the denominator.

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Step 14.4.1

Rewrite $1$ as $1^{3}$ .

$\frac{- 5 x^{3} + 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(x^{3} + 1^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.4.2

Since both terms are perfect cubes, factor using the sum of cubes formula, $a^{3} + b^{3} = (a + b) (a^{2} - a b + b^{2})$ where $a = x$ and $b = 1$ .

$\frac{- 5 x^{3} + 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {((x + 1) (x^{2} - x \cdot 1 + 1^{2}))}^{2}}$

Step 14.4.3

Simplify.

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Step 14.4.3.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

$\frac{- 5 x^{3} + 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {((x + 1) (x^{2} - x + 1^{2}))}^{2}}$

Step 14.4.3.2

One to any power is one.

$\frac{- 5 x^{3} + 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {((x + 1) (x^{2} - x + 1))}^{2}}$

Step 14.4.4

Apply the product rule to $(x + 1) (x^{2} - x + 1)$ .

$\frac{- 5 x^{3} + 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(x + 1)}^{2} {(x^{2} - x + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14.5

Factor $- 1$ out of $- 5 x^{3}$ .

$\frac{- (5 x^{3}) + 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(x + 1)}^{2} {(x^{2} - x + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14.6

Rewrite $1$ as $- 1 (- 1)$ .

$\frac{- (5 x^{3}) - 1 (- 1)}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(x + 1)}^{2} {(x^{2} - x + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14.7

Factor $- 1$ out of $- (5 x^{3}) - 1 (- 1)$ .

$\frac{- (5 x^{3} - 1)}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(x + 1)}^{2} {(x^{2} - x + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14.8

Rewrite $- (5 x^{3} - 1)$ as $- 1 (5 x^{3} - 1)$ .

$\frac{- 1 (5 x^{3} - 1)}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(x + 1)}^{2} {(x^{2} - x + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 14.9

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$- \frac{5 x^{3} - 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(x + 1)}^{2} {(x^{2} - x + 1)}^{2}}$