Calculus Examples

$\ln (x^{2})$

Step 1

Find the asymptotes.

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Step 1.1

Set the argument of the logarithm equal to zero.

$x^{2} = 0$

Step 1.2

Solve for $x$ .

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Step 1.2.1

Take the specified root of both sides of the equation to eliminate the exponent on the left side.

$x = \pm \sqrt{0}$

Step 1.2.2

Simplify $\pm \sqrt{0}$ .

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Step 1.2.2.1

Rewrite $0$ as $0^{2}$ .

$x = \pm \sqrt{0^{2}}$

Step 1.2.2.2

Pull terms out from under the radical, assuming positive real numbers.

$x = \pm 0$

Step 1.2.2.3

Plus or minus $0$ is $0$ .

$x = 0$

Step 1.3

The vertical asymptote occurs at $x = 0$ .

Vertical Asymptote: $x = 0$

Step 2

Find the point at $x = 1$ .

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Step 2.1

Replace the variable $x$ with $1$ in the expression.

$f (1) = \ln ({(1)}^{2})$

Step 2.2

Simplify the result.

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Step 2.2.1

One to any power is one.

$f (1) = \ln (1)$

Step 2.2.2

The natural logarithm of $1$ is $0$ .

$f (1) = 0$

Step 2.2.3

The final answer is $0$ .

$0$

Step 2.3

Convert $0$ to decimal.

$y = 0$

Step 3

Find the point at $x = 2$ .

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Step 3.1

Replace the variable $x$ with $2$ in the expression.

$f (2) = \ln ({(2)}^{2})$

Step 3.2

Simplify the result.

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Step 3.2.1

Raise $2$ to the power of $2$ .

$f (2) = \ln (4)$

Step 3.2.2

The final answer is $\ln (4)$ .

$\ln (4)$

Step 3.3

Convert $\ln (4)$ to decimal.

$y = 1.38629436$

Step 4

Find the point at $x = 3$ .

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Step 4.1

Replace the variable $x$ with $3$ in the expression.

$f (3) = \ln ({(3)}^{2})$

Step 4.2

Simplify the result.

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Step 4.2.1

Raise $3$ to the power of $2$ .

$f (3) = \ln (9)$

Step 4.2.2

The final answer is $\ln (9)$ .

$\ln (9)$

Step 4.3

Convert $\ln (9)$ to decimal.

$y = 2.19722457$

Step 5

The log function can be graphed using the vertical asymptote at $x = 0$ and the points $(1, 0), (2, 1.38629436), (3, 2.19722457)$ .

Vertical Asymptote: $x = 0$

$\begin{array}{c} x & y \\ 1 & 0 \\ 2 & 1.386 \\ 3 & 2.197 \end{array}$

Step 6