Calculus Examples

$y = \frac{1 + x}{1 + e^{x}}$ , $(0, \frac{1}{2})$

Step 1

Find the first derivative and evaluate at $x = 0$ and $y = \frac{1}{2}$ to find the slope of the tangent line.

Tap for more steps...

Step 1.1

Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{f (x)}{g (x)}]$ is $\frac{g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)] - f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)]}{{g (x)}^{2}}$ where $f (x) = 1 + x$ and $g (x) = 1 + e^{x}$ .

$\frac{(1 + e^{x}) \frac{d}{d x} [1 + x] - (1 + x) \frac{d}{d x} [1 + e^{x}]}{{(1 + e^{x})}^{2}}$

Step 1.2

Differentiate.

Tap for more steps...

Step 1.2.1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $1 + x$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [1] + \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$\frac{(1 + e^{x}) (\frac{d}{d x} [1] + \frac{d}{d x} [x]) - (1 + x) \frac{d}{d x} [1 + e^{x}]}{{(1 + e^{x})}^{2}}$

Step 1.2.2

Since $1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $1$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$\frac{(1 + e^{x}) (0 + \frac{d}{d x} [x]) - (1 + x) \frac{d}{d x} [1 + e^{x}]}{{(1 + e^{x})}^{2}}$

Step 1.2.3

Add $0$ and $\frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$\frac{(1 + e^{x}) \frac{d}{d x} [x] - (1 + x) \frac{d}{d x} [1 + e^{x}]}{{(1 + e^{x})}^{2}}$

Step 1.2.4

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{(1 + e^{x}) \cdot 1 - (1 + x) \frac{d}{d x} [1 + e^{x}]}{{(1 + e^{x})}^{2}}$

Step 1.2.5

Multiply $1 + e^{x}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{1 + e^{x} - (1 + x) \frac{d}{d x} [1 + e^{x}]}{{(1 + e^{x})}^{2}}$

Step 1.2.6

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $1 + e^{x}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [1] + \frac{d}{d x} [e^{x}]$ .

$\frac{1 + e^{x} - (1 + x) (\frac{d}{d x} [1] + \frac{d}{d x} [e^{x}])}{{(1 + e^{x})}^{2}}$

Step 1.2.7

Since $1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $1$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$\frac{1 + e^{x} - (1 + x) (0 + \frac{d}{d x} [e^{x}])}{{(1 + e^{x})}^{2}}$

Step 1.2.8

Add $0$ and $\frac{d}{d x} [e^{x}]$ .

$\frac{1 + e^{x} - (1 + x) \frac{d}{d x} [e^{x}]}{{(1 + e^{x})}^{2}}$

Step 1.3

Differentiate using the Exponential Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [a^{x}]$ is $a^{x} \ln (a)$ where $a$ = $e$ .

$\frac{1 + e^{x} - (1 + x) e^{x}}{{(1 + e^{x})}^{2}}$

Step 1.4

Simplify.

Tap for more steps...

Step 1.4.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{1 + e^{x} + (- 1 \cdot 1 - x) e^{x}}{{(1 + e^{x})}^{2}}$

Step 1.4.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{1 + e^{x} - 1 \cdot 1 e^{x} - x e^{x}}{{(1 + e^{x})}^{2}}$

Step 1.4.3

Simplify the numerator.

Tap for more steps...

Step 1.4.3.1

Simplify each term.

Tap for more steps...

Step 1.4.3.1.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

$\frac{1 + e^{x} - 1 e^{x} - x e^{x}}{{(1 + e^{x})}^{2}}$

Step 1.4.3.1.2

Rewrite $- 1 e^{x}$ as $- e^{x}$ .

$\frac{1 + e^{x} - e^{x} - x e^{x}}{{(1 + e^{x})}^{2}}$

Step 1.4.3.2

Combine the opposite terms in $1 + e^{x} - e^{x} - x e^{x}$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 1.4.3.2.1

Subtract $e^{x}$ from $e^{x}$ .

$\frac{1 + 0 - x e^{x}}{{(1 + e^{x})}^{2}}$

Step 1.4.3.2.2

Add $1$ and $0$ .

$\frac{1 - x e^{x}}{{(1 + e^{x})}^{2}}$

Step 1.4.4

Reorder terms.

$\frac{- e^{x} x + 1}{{(1 + e^{x})}^{2}}$

Step 1.4.5

Factor $- 1$ out of $- e^{x} x$ .

$\frac{- (e^{x} x) + 1}{{(1 + e^{x})}^{2}}$

Step 1.4.6

Rewrite $1$ as $- 1 (- 1)$ .

$\frac{- (e^{x} x) - 1 (- 1)}{{(1 + e^{x})}^{2}}$

Step 1.4.7

Factor $- 1$ out of $- (e^{x} x) - 1 (- 1)$ .

$\frac{- (e^{x} x - 1)}{{(1 + e^{x})}^{2}}$

Step 1.4.8

Rewrite $- (e^{x} x - 1)$ as $- 1 (e^{x} x - 1)$ .

$\frac{- 1 (e^{x} x - 1)}{{(1 + e^{x})}^{2}}$

Step 1.4.9

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$- \frac{e^{x} x - 1}{{(1 + e^{x})}^{2}}$

Step 1.4.10

Reorder factors in $- \frac{e^{x} x - 1}{{(1 + e^{x})}^{2}}$ .

$- \frac{x e^{x} - 1}{{(1 + e^{x})}^{2}}$

Step 1.5

Evaluate the derivative at $x = 0$ .

$- \frac{(0) \cdot e^{0} - 1}{{(1 + e^{0})}^{2}}$

Step 1.6

Simplify.

Tap for more steps...

Step 1.6.1

Simplify the numerator.

Tap for more steps...

Step 1.6.1.1

Anything raised to $0$ is $1$ .

$- \frac{0 \cdot 1 - 1}{{(1 + e^{0})}^{2}}$

Step 1.6.1.2

Multiply $0$ by $1$ .

$- \frac{0 - 1}{{(1 + e^{0})}^{2}}$

Step 1.6.1.3

Subtract $1$ from $0$ .

$- \frac{- 1}{{(1 + e^{0})}^{2}}$

Step 1.6.2

Simplify the denominator.

Tap for more steps...

Step 1.6.2.1

Anything raised to $0$ is $1$ .

$- \frac{- 1}{{(1 + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 1.6.2.2

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$- \frac{- 1}{2^{2}}$

Step 1.6.2.3

Raise $2$ to the power of $2$ .

$- \frac{- 1}{4}$

Step 1.6.3

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$- - \frac{1}{4}$

Step 1.6.4

Multiply $- - \frac{1}{4}$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 1.6.4.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1$ .

$1 (\frac{1}{4})$

Step 1.6.4.2

Multiply $\frac{1}{4}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{1}{4}$

Step 2

Plug the slope and point values into the point-slope formula and solve for $y$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.1

Use the slope $\frac{1}{4}$ and a given point $(0, \frac{1}{2})$ to substitute for $x_{1}$ and $y_{1}$ in the point-slope form $y - y_{1} = m (x - x_{1})$ , which is derived from the slope equation $m = \frac{y_{2} - y_{1}}{x_{2} - x_{1}}$ .

$y - (\frac{1}{2}) = \frac{1}{4} \cdot (x - (0))$

Step 2.2

Simplify the equation and keep it in point-slope form.

$y - \frac{1}{2} = \frac{1}{4} \cdot (x + 0)$

Step 2.3

Solve for $y$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.3.1

Simplify $\frac{1}{4} \cdot (x + 0)$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.3.1.1

Add $x$ and $0$ .

$y - \frac{1}{2} = \frac{1}{4} \cdot x$

Step 2.3.1.2

Combine $\frac{1}{4}$ and $x$ .

$y - \frac{1}{2} = \frac{x}{4}$

Step 2.3.2

Add $\frac{1}{2}$ to both sides of the equation.

$y = \frac{x}{4} + \frac{1}{2}$

Step 2.3.3

Reorder terms.

$y = \frac{1}{4} x + \frac{1}{2}$

Step 3