Calculus Examples

{(x^{2} + y^{2})}^{2} = 4 x^{2} y

${(x^{2} + y^{2})}^{2} = 4 x^{2} y$ ,

(- 1, 1)

$(- 1, 1)$

Step 1

Find the first derivative and evaluate at

x = - 1

$x = - 1$ and

y = 1

$y = 1$ to find the slope of the tangent line.

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Step 1.1

Differentiate both sides of the equation.

\frac{d}{d x} ({(x^{2} + y^{2})}^{2}) = \frac{d}{d x} (4 x^{2} y)

$\frac{d}{d x} ({(x^{2} + y^{2})}^{2}) = \frac{d}{d x} (4 x^{2} y)$

Step 1.2

Differentiate the left side of the equation.

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Step 1.2.1

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that

\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]

$\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is

$f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where

$f (x) = x^{2}$ and

$g (x) = x^{2} + y^{2}$ .

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Step 1.2.1.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set

$u_{1}$ as

$x^{2} + y^{2}$ .

$\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [{u_{1}}^{2}] \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} + y^{2}]$

Step 1.2.1.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that

$\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [{u_{1}}^{n}]$ is

$n {u_{1}}^{n - 1}$ where

$n = 2$ .

$2 u_{1} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} + y^{2}]$

Step 1.2.1.3

Replace all occurrences of

$u_{1}$ with

$x^{2} + y^{2}$ .

$2 (x^{2} + y^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} + y^{2}]$

Step 1.2.2

Differentiate.

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Step 1.2.2.1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of

$x^{2} + y^{2}$ with respect to

$x$ is

$\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}] + \frac{d}{d x} [y^{2}]$ .

$2 (x^{2} + y^{2}) (\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}] + \frac{d}{d x} [y^{2}])$

Step 1.2.2.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that

$\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is

$n x^{n - 1}$ where

$n = 2$ .

$2 (x^{2} + y^{2}) (2 x + \frac{d}{d x} [y^{2}])$

Step 1.2.3

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that

$\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is

$f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where

$f (x) = x^{2}$ and

$g (x) = y$ .

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Step 1.2.3.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set

$u_{2}$ as

$y$ .

$2 (x^{2} + y^{2}) (2 x + \frac{d}{d u_{2}} [{u_{2}}^{2}] \frac{d}{d x} [y])$

Step 1.2.3.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that

$\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [{u_{2}}^{n}]$ is

$n {u_{2}}^{n - 1}$ where

$n = 2$ .

$2 (x^{2} + y^{2}) (2 x + 2 u_{2} \frac{d}{d x} [y])$

Step 1.2.3.3

Replace all occurrences of

$u_{2}$ with

$y$ .

$2 (x^{2} + y^{2}) (2 x + 2 y \frac{d}{d x} [y])$

Step 1.2.4

Rewrite

$\frac{d}{d x} [y]$ as

$y'$ .

$2 (x^{2} + y^{2}) (2 x + 2 y y')$

Step 1.2.5

Simplify.

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Step 1.2.5.1

Apply the distributive property.

$(2 x^{2} + 2 y^{2}) (2 x + 2 y y')$

Step 1.2.5.2

Reorder the factors of

$(2 x^{2} + 2 y^{2}) (2 x + 2 y y')$ .

$(2 x + 2 y y') (2 x^{2} + 2 y^{2})$

Step 1.3

Differentiate the right side of the equation.

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Step 1.3.1

Since

$4$ is constant with respect to

$x$ , the derivative of

$4 x^{2} y$ with respect to

$x$ is

$4 \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} y]$ .

$4 \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} y]$

Step 1.3.2

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that

$\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is

$f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where

$f (x) = x^{2}$ and

$g (x) = y$ .

$4 (x^{2} \frac{d}{d x} [y] + y \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}])$

Step 1.3.3

Rewrite

$\frac{d}{d x} [y]$ as

$y'$ .

$4 (x^{2} y' + y \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}])$

Step 1.3.4

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that

$\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is

$n x^{n - 1}$ where

$n = 2$ .

$4 (x^{2} y' + y (2 x))$

Step 1.3.5

Move

$2$ to the left of

$y$ .

$4 (x^{2} y' + 2 \cdot y x)$

Step 1.3.6

Simplify.

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Step 1.3.6.1

Apply the distributive property.

$4 (x^{2} y') + 4 (2 y x)$

Step 1.3.6.2

Multiply

$2$ by

$4$ .

$4 x^{2} y' + 8 y x$

Step 1.3.6.3

Reorder terms.

$4 x^{2} y' + 8 x y$

Step 1.4

Reform the equation by setting the left side equal to the right side.

$(2 x + 2 y y') (2 x^{2} + 2 y^{2}) = 4 x^{2} y' + 8 x y$

Step 1.5

Solve for

$y'$ .

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Step 1.5.1

Simplify

$(2 x + 2 y y') (2 x^{2} + 2 y^{2})$ .

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Step 1.5.1.1

Rewrite.

$0 + 0 + (2 x + 2 y y') (2 x^{2} + 2 y^{2}) = 4 x^{2} y' + 8 x y$

Step 1.5.1.2

Simplify by adding zeros.

$(2 x + 2 y y') (2 x^{2} + 2 y^{2}) = 4 x^{2} y' + 8 x y$

Step 1.5.1.3

Expand

$(2 x + 2 y y') (2 x^{2} + 2 y^{2})$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 1.5.1.3.1

Apply the distributive property.

$2 x (2 x^{2} + 2 y^{2}) + 2 y y' (2 x^{2} + 2 y^{2}) = 4 x^{2} y' + 8 x y$

Step 1.5.1.3.2

Apply the distributive property.

$2 x (2 x^{2}) + 2 x (2 y^{2}) + 2 y y' (2 x^{2} + 2 y^{2}) = 4 x^{2} y' + 8 x y$

Step 1.5.1.3.3

Apply the distributive property.

$2 x (2 x^{2}) + 2 x (2 y^{2}) + 2 y y' (2 x^{2}) + 2 y y' (2 y^{2}) = 4 x^{2} y' + 8 x y$

Step 1.5.1.4

Simplify each term.

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Step 1.5.1.4.1

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$2 \cdot 2 x \cdot x^{2} + 2 x (2 y^{2}) + 2 y y' (2 x^{2}) + 2 y y' (2 y^{2}) = 4 x^{2} y' + 8 x y$

Step 1.5.1.4.2

Multiply

$x$ by

$x^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 1.5.1.4.2.1

Move

$x^{2}$ .

$2 \cdot 2 (x^{2} x) + 2 x (2 y^{2}) + 2 y y' (2 x^{2}) + 2 y y' (2 y^{2}) = 4 x^{2} y' + 8 x y$

Step 1.5.1.4.2.2

Multiply

$x^{2}$ by

$x$ .

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Step 1.5.1.4.2.2.1

Raise

$x$ to the power of

$1$ .

$2 \cdot 2 (x^{2} x^{1}) + 2 x (2 y^{2}) + 2 y y' (2 x^{2}) + 2 y y' (2 y^{2}) = 4 x^{2} y' + 8 x y$

Step 1.5.1.4.2.2.2

Use the power rule

$a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$2 \cdot 2 x^{2 + 1} + 2 x (2 y^{2}) + 2 y y' (2 x^{2}) + 2 y y' (2 y^{2}) = 4 x^{2} y' + 8 x y$

Step 1.5.1.4.2.3

Add

$2$ and

$1$ .

$2 \cdot 2 x^{3} + 2 x (2 y^{2}) + 2 y y' (2 x^{2}) + 2 y y' (2 y^{2}) = 4 x^{2} y' + 8 x y$

Step 1.5.1.4.3

Multiply

$2$ by

$2$ .

$4 x^{3} + 2 x (2 y^{2}) + 2 y y' (2 x^{2}) + 2 y y' (2 y^{2}) = 4 x^{2} y' + 8 x y$

Step 1.5.1.4.4

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$4 x^{3} + 2 \cdot 2 x y^{2} + 2 y y' (2 x^{2}) + 2 y y' (2 y^{2}) = 4 x^{2} y' + 8 x y$

Step 1.5.1.4.5

Multiply

$2$ by

$2$ .

$4 x^{3} + 4 x y^{2} + 2 y y' (2 x^{2}) + 2 y y' (2 y^{2}) = 4 x^{2} y' + 8 x y$

Step 1.5.1.4.6

Multiply

$2$ by

$2$ .

$4 x^{3} + 4 x y^{2} + 4 y y' x^{2} + 2 y y' (2 y^{2}) = 4 x^{2} y' + 8 x y$

Step 1.5.1.4.7

Multiply

$y$ by

$y^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 1.5.1.4.7.1

Move

$y^{2}$ .

$4 x^{3} + 4 x y^{2} + 4 y y' x^{2} + 2 (y^{2} y) y' \cdot 2 = 4 x^{2} y' + 8 x y$

Step 1.5.1.4.7.2

Multiply

$y^{2}$ by

$y$ .

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Step 1.5.1.4.7.2.1

Raise

$y$ to the power of

$1$ .

$4 x^{3} + 4 x y^{2} + 4 y y' x^{2} + 2 (y^{2} y^{1}) y' \cdot 2 = 4 x^{2} y' + 8 x y$

Step 1.5.1.4.7.2.2

Use the power rule

$a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$4 x^{3} + 4 x y^{2} + 4 y y' x^{2} + 2 y^{2 + 1} y' \cdot 2 = 4 x^{2} y' + 8 x y$

Step 1.5.1.4.7.3

Add

$2$ and

$1$ .

$4 x^{3} + 4 x y^{2} + 4 y y' x^{2} + 2 y^{3} y' \cdot 2 = 4 x^{2} y' + 8 x y$

Step 1.5.1.4.8

Multiply

$2$ by

$2$ .

$4 x^{3} + 4 x y^{2} + 4 y y' x^{2} + 4 y^{3} y' = 4 x^{2} y' + 8 x y$

Step 1.5.2

Subtract

$4 x^{2} y'$ from both sides of the equation.

$4 x^{3} + 4 x y^{2} + 4 y y' x^{2} + 4 y^{3} y' - 4 x^{2} y' = 8 x y$

Step 1.5.3

Move all terms not containing

$y'$ to the right side of the equation.

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Step 1.5.3.1

Subtract

$4 x^{3}$ from both sides of the equation.

$4 x y^{2} + 4 y y' x^{2} + 4 y^{3} y' - 4 x^{2} y' = 8 x y - 4 x^{3}$

Step 1.5.3.2

Subtract

$4 x y^{2}$ from both sides of the equation.

$4 y y' x^{2} + 4 y^{3} y' - 4 x^{2} y' = 8 x y - 4 x^{3} - 4 x y^{2}$

Step 1.5.4

Factor

$4 y'$ out of

$4 y y' x^{2} + 4 y^{3} y' - 4 x^{2} y'$ .

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Step 1.5.4.1

Factor

$4 y'$ out of

$4 y y' x^{2}$ .

$4 y' (y x^{2}) + 4 y^{3} y' - 4 x^{2} y' = 8 x y - 4 x^{3} - 4 x y^{2}$

Step 1.5.4.2

Factor

$4 y'$ out of

$4 y^{3} y'$ .

$4 y' (y x^{2}) + 4 y' y^{3} - 4 x^{2} y' = 8 x y - 4 x^{3} - 4 x y^{2}$

Step 1.5.4.3

Factor

$4 y'$ out of

$- 4 x^{2} y'$ .

$4 y' (y x^{2}) + 4 y' y^{3} + 4 y' (- x^{2}) = 8 x y - 4 x^{3} - 4 x y^{2}$

Step 1.5.4.4

Factor

$4 y'$ out of

$4 y' (y x^{2}) + 4 y' y^{3}$ .

$4 y' (y x^{2} + y^{3}) + 4 y' (- x^{2}) = 8 x y - 4 x^{3} - 4 x y^{2}$

Step 1.5.4.5

Factor

$4 y'$ out of

$4 y' (y x^{2} + y^{3}) + 4 y' (- x^{2})$ .

$4 y' (y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2}) = 8 x y - 4 x^{3} - 4 x y^{2}$

Step 1.5.5

Divide each term in

$4 y' (y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2}) = 8 x y - 4 x^{3} - 4 x y^{2}$ by

$4 (y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2})$ and simplify.

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Step 1.5.5.1

Divide each term in

$4 y' (y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2}) = 8 x y - 4 x^{3} - 4 x y^{2}$ by

$4 (y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2})$ .

$\frac{4 y' (y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2})}{4 (y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2})} = \frac{8 x y}{4 (y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2})} + \frac{- 4 x^{3}}{4 (y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2})} + \frac{- 4 x y^{2}}{4 (y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2})}$

Step 1.5.5.2

Simplify the left side.

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Step 1.5.5.2.1

Cancel the common factor of

$4$ .

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Step 1.5.5.2.1.1

Cancel the common factor.

Step 1.5.5.2.1.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{y' (y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2})}{y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2}} = \frac{8 x y}{4 (y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2})} + \frac{- 4 x^{3}}{4 (y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2})} + \frac{- 4 x y^{2}}{4 (y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2})}$

Step 1.5.5.2.2

Cancel the common factor of

$y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2}$ .

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Step 1.5.5.2.2.1

Cancel the common factor.

Step 1.5.5.2.2.2

Divide

$y'$ by

$1$ .

$y' = \frac{8 x y}{4 (y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2})} + \frac{- 4 x^{3}}{4 (y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2})} + \frac{- 4 x y^{2}}{4 (y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2})}$

Step 1.5.5.3

Simplify the right side.

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Step 1.5.5.3.1

Simplify terms.

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Step 1.5.5.3.1.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 1.5.5.3.1.1.1

Cancel the common factor of

$8$ and

$4$ .

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Step 1.5.5.3.1.1.1.1

Factor

$4$ out of

$8 x y$ .

$y' = \frac{4 (2 x y)}{4 (y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2})} + \frac{- 4 x^{3}}{4 (y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2})} + \frac{- 4 x y^{2}}{4 (y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2})}$

Step 1.5.5.3.1.1.1.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 1.5.5.3.1.1.1.2.1

Cancel the common factor.

$y' = \frac{4 (2 x y)}{4 (y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2})} + \frac{- 4 x^{3}}{4 (y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2})} + \frac{- 4 x y^{2}}{4 (y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2})}$

Step 1.5.5.3.1.1.1.2.2

Rewrite the expression.

$y' = \frac{2 x y}{y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2}} + \frac{- 4 x^{3}}{4 (y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2})} + \frac{- 4 x y^{2}}{4 (y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2})}$

Step 1.5.5.3.1.1.2

Cancel the common factor of

$- 4$ and

$4$ .

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Step 1.5.5.3.1.1.2.1

Factor

$4$ out of

$- 4 x^{3}$ .

$y' = \frac{2 x y}{y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2}} + \frac{4 (- x^{3})}{4 (y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2})} + \frac{- 4 x y^{2}}{4 (y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2})}$

Step 1.5.5.3.1.1.2.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 1.5.5.3.1.1.2.2.1

Cancel the common factor.

$y' = \frac{2 x y}{y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2}} + \frac{4 (- x^{3})}{4 (y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2})} + \frac{- 4 x y^{2}}{4 (y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2})}$

Step 1.5.5.3.1.1.2.2.2

Rewrite the expression.

$y' = \frac{2 x y}{y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2}} + \frac{- x^{3}}{y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2}} + \frac{- 4 x y^{2}}{4 (y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2})}$

Step 1.5.5.3.1.1.3

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$y' = \frac{2 x y}{y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2}} - \frac{x^{3}}{y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2}} + \frac{- 4 x y^{2}}{4 (y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2})}$

Step 1.5.5.3.1.1.4

Cancel the common factor of

$- 4$ and

$4$ .

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Step 1.5.5.3.1.1.4.1

Factor

$4$ out of

$- 4 x y^{2}$ .

$y' = \frac{2 x y}{y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2}} - \frac{x^{3}}{y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2}} + \frac{4 (- x y^{2})}{4 (y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2})}$

Step 1.5.5.3.1.1.4.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 1.5.5.3.1.1.4.2.1

Cancel the common factor.

$y' = \frac{2 x y}{y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2}} - \frac{x^{3}}{y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2}} + \frac{4 (- x y^{2})}{4 (y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2})}$

Step 1.5.5.3.1.1.4.2.2

Rewrite the expression.

$y' = \frac{2 x y}{y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2}} - \frac{x^{3}}{y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2}} + \frac{- x y^{2}}{y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2}}$

Step 1.5.5.3.1.1.5

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$y' = \frac{2 x y}{y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2}} - \frac{x^{3}}{y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2}} - \frac{x y^{2}}{y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2}}$

Step 1.5.5.3.1.2

Combine into one fraction.

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Step 1.5.5.3.1.2.1

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$y' = \frac{2 x y - x^{3}}{y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2}} - \frac{x y^{2}}{y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2}}$

Step 1.5.5.3.1.2.2

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$y' = \frac{2 x y - x^{3} - x y^{2}}{y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2}}$

Step 1.5.5.3.2

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 1.5.5.3.2.1

Factor

$x$ out of

$2 x y - x^{3} - x y^{2}$ .

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Step 1.5.5.3.2.1.1

Factor

$x$ out of

$2 x y$ .

$y' = \frac{x (2 y) - x^{3} - x y^{2}}{y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2}}$

Step 1.5.5.3.2.1.2

Factor

$x$ out of

$- x^{3}$ .

$y' = \frac{x (2 y) + x (- x^{2}) - x y^{2}}{y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2}}$

Step 1.5.5.3.2.1.3

Factor

$x$ out of

$- x y^{2}$ .

$y' = \frac{x (2 y) + x (- x^{2}) + x (- 1 y^{2})}{y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2}}$

Step 1.5.5.3.2.1.4

Factor

$x$ out of

$x (2 y) + x (- x^{2})$ .

$y' = \frac{x (2 y - x^{2}) + x (- 1 y^{2})}{y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2}}$

Step 1.5.5.3.2.1.5

Factor

$x$ out of

$x (2 y - x^{2}) + x (- 1 y^{2})$ .

$y' = \frac{x (2 y - x^{2} - 1 y^{2})}{y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2}}$

Step 1.5.5.3.2.2

Rewrite

$- 1 y^{2}$ as

$- y^{2}$ .

$y' = \frac{x (2 y - x^{2} - y^{2})}{y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2}}$

Step 1.6

Replace

$y'$ with

$\frac{d y}{d x}$ .

$\frac{d y}{d x} = \frac{x (2 y - x^{2} - y^{2})}{y x^{2} + y^{3} - x^{2}}$

Step 1.7

Evaluate at

$x = - 1$ and

$y = 1$ .

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Step 1.7.1

Replace the variable

$x$ with

$- 1$ in the expression.

$\frac{(- 1) (2 y - {(- 1)}^{2} - y^{2})}{y {(- 1)}^{2} + y^{3} - {(- 1)}^{2}}$

Step 1.7.2

Replace the variable

$y$ with

$1$ in the expression.

$\frac{(- 1) (2 (1) - {(- 1)}^{2} - {(1)}^{2})}{(1) {(- 1)}^{2} + {(1)}^{3} - {(- 1)}^{2}}$

Step 1.7.3

Multiply

$- 1$ by

${(- 1)}^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 1.7.3.1

Multiply

$- 1$ by

${(- 1)}^{2}$ .

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Step 1.7.3.1.1

Raise

$- 1$ to the power of

$1$ .

$\frac{- 1 (2 (1) + {(- 1)}^{1} {(- 1)}^{2} - {(1)}^{2})}{(1) {(- 1)}^{2} + {(1)}^{3} - {(- 1)}^{2}}$

Step 1.7.3.1.2

Use the power rule

$a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{- 1 (2 (1) + {(- 1)}^{1 + 2} - {(1)}^{2})}{(1) {(- 1)}^{2} + {(1)}^{3} - {(- 1)}^{2}}$

Step 1.7.3.2

Add

$1$ and

$2$ .

$\frac{- 1 (2 (1) + {(- 1)}^{3} - {(1)}^{2})}{(1) {(- 1)}^{2} + {(1)}^{3} - {(- 1)}^{2}}$

Step 1.7.4

Simplify.

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Step 1.7.4.1

Multiply

$2$ by

$1$ .

$\frac{- 1 (2 + {(- 1)}^{3} - {(1)}^{2})}{(1) {(- 1)}^{2} + {(1)}^{3} - {(- 1)}^{2}}$

Step 1.7.4.2

Multiply

${(- 1)}^{2}$ by

$1$ .

$\frac{- 1 (2 + {(- 1)}^{3} - {(1)}^{2})}{{(- 1)}^{2} + {(1)}^{3} - {(- 1)}^{2}}$

Step 1.7.5

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 1.7.5.1

Raise

$- 1$ to the power of

$3$ .

$\frac{- 1 (2 - 1 - 1^{2})}{{(- 1)}^{2} + 1^{3} - {(- 1)}^{2}}$

Step 1.7.5.2

One to any power is one.

$\frac{- 1 (2 - 1 - 1 \cdot 1)}{{(- 1)}^{2} + 1^{3} - {(- 1)}^{2}}$

Step 1.7.5.3

Multiply

$- 1$ by

$1$ .

$\frac{- 1 (2 - 1 - 1)}{{(- 1)}^{2} + 1^{3} - {(- 1)}^{2}}$

Step 1.7.5.4

Subtract

$1$ from

$2$ .

$\frac{- 1 (1 - 1)}{{(- 1)}^{2} + 1^{3} - {(- 1)}^{2}}$

Step 1.7.5.5

Subtract

$1$ from

$1$ .

$\frac{- 1 \cdot 0}{{(- 1)}^{2} + 1^{3} - {(- 1)}^{2}}$

Step 1.7.6

Simplify the denominator.

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Step 1.7.6.1

Raise

$- 1$ to the power of

$2$ .

$\frac{- 1 \cdot 0}{1 + 1^{3} - {(- 1)}^{2}}$

Step 1.7.6.2

One to any power is one.

$\frac{- 1 \cdot 0}{1 + 1 - {(- 1)}^{2}}$

Step 1.7.6.3

Multiply

$- 1$ by

${(- 1)}^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 1.7.6.3.1

Multiply

$- 1$ by

${(- 1)}^{2}$ .

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Step 1.7.6.3.1.1

Raise

$- 1$ to the power of

$1$ .

$\frac{- 1 \cdot 0}{1 + 1 + {(- 1)}^{1} {(- 1)}^{2}}$

Step 1.7.6.3.1.2

Use the power rule

$a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{- 1 \cdot 0}{1 + 1 + {(- 1)}^{1 + 2}}$

Step 1.7.6.3.2

Add

$1$ and

$2$ .

$\frac{- 1 \cdot 0}{1 + 1 + {(- 1)}^{3}}$

Step 1.7.6.4

Raise

$- 1$ to the power of

$3$ .

$\frac{- 1 \cdot 0}{1 + 1 - 1}$

Step 1.7.6.5

Add

$1$ and

$1$ .

$\frac{- 1 \cdot 0}{2 - 1}$

Step 1.7.6.6

Subtract

$1$ from

$2$ .

$\frac{- 1 \cdot 0}{1}$

Step 1.7.7

Simplify the expression.

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Step 1.7.7.1

Multiply

$- 1$ by

$0$ .

$\frac{0}{1}$

Step 1.7.7.2

Divide

$0$ by

$1$ .

$0$

Step 2

Plug the slope and point values into the point-slope formula and solve for

$y$ .

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Step 2.1

Use the slope

$0$ and a given point

$(- 1, 1)$ to substitute for

$x_{1}$ and

$y_{1}$ in the point-slope form

$y - y_{1} = m (x - x_{1})$ , which is derived from the slope equation

$m = \frac{y_{2} - y_{1}}{x_{2} - x_{1}}$ .

$y - (1) = 0 \cdot (x - (- 1))$

Step 2.2

Simplify the equation and keep it in point-slope form.

$y - 1 = 0 \cdot (x + 1)$

Step 2.3

Solve for

$y$ .

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Step 2.3.1

Multiply

$0$ by

$x + 1$ .

$y - 1 = 0$

Step 2.3.2

Add

$1$ to both sides of the equation.

$y = 1$

Step 3