Calculus Examples

$\int \frac{4 x^{3}}{2 x + 3} d x$

Step 1

Let $u_{1} = 2 x + 3$ . Then $d u_{1} = 2 d x$ , so $\frac{1}{2} d u_{1} = d x$ . Rewrite using $u_{1}$ and $d$ $u_{1}$ .

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Step 1.1

Let $u_{1} = 2 x + 3$ . Find $\frac{d u_{1}}{d x}$ .

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Step 1.1.1

Differentiate $2 x + 3$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [2 x + 3]$

Step 1.1.2

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $2 x + 3$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [2 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [3]$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [2 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [3]$

Step 1.1.3

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d x} [2 x]$ .

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Step 1.1.3.1

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $2 x$ with respect to $x$ is $2 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$2 \frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [3]$

Step 1.1.3.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$2 \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d x} [3]$

Step 1.1.3.3

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$2 + \frac{d}{d x} [3]$

Step 1.1.4

Differentiate using the Constant Rule.

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Step 1.1.4.1

Since $3$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $3$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$2 + 0$

Step 1.1.4.2

Add $2$ and $0$ .

$2$

Step 1.2

Rewrite the problem using $u_{1}$ and $d u_{1}$ .

$\int \frac{2 {(\frac{u_{1}}{2} - \frac{3}{2})}^{3}}{u_{1}} d u_{1}$

Step 2

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $u_{1}$ , move $2$ out of the integral.

$2 \int \frac{{(\frac{u_{1}}{2} - \frac{3}{2})}^{3}}{u_{1}} d u_{1}$

Step 3

Let $u_{2} = \frac{u_{1}}{2} - \frac{3}{2}$ . Then $d u_{2} = \frac{1}{2} d u_{1}$ , so $2 d u_{2} = d u_{1}$ . Rewrite using $u_{2}$ and $d$ $u_{2}$ .

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Step 3.1

Let $u_{2} = \frac{u_{1}}{2} - \frac{3}{2}$ . Find $\frac{d u_{2}}{d u_{1}}$ .

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Step 3.1.1

Differentiate $\frac{u_{1}}{2} - \frac{3}{2}$ .

$\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [\frac{u_{1}}{2} - \frac{3}{2}]$

Step 3.1.2

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $\frac{u_{1}}{2} - \frac{3}{2}$ with respect to $u_{1}$ is $\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [\frac{u_{1}}{2}] + \frac{d}{d u_{1}} [- \frac{3}{2}]$ .

$\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [\frac{u_{1}}{2}] + \frac{d}{d u_{1}} [- \frac{3}{2}]$

Step 3.1.3

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [\frac{u_{1}}{2}]$ .

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Step 3.1.3.1

Since $\frac{1}{2}$ is constant with respect to $u_{1}$ , the derivative of $\frac{u_{1}}{2}$ with respect to $u_{1}$ is $\frac{1}{2} \frac{d}{d u_{1}} [u_{1}]$ .

$\frac{1}{2} \frac{d}{d u_{1}} [u_{1}] + \frac{d}{d u_{1}} [- \frac{3}{2}]$

Step 3.1.3.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [{u_{1}}^{n}]$ is $n {u_{1}}^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d u_{1}} [- \frac{3}{2}]$

Step 3.1.3.3

Multiply $\frac{1}{2}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{1}{2} + \frac{d}{d u_{1}} [- \frac{3}{2}]$

Step 3.1.4

Differentiate using the Constant Rule.

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Step 3.1.4.1

Since $- \frac{3}{2}$ is constant with respect to $u_{1}$ , the derivative of $- \frac{3}{2}$ with respect to $u_{1}$ is $0$ .

$\frac{1}{2} + 0$

Step 3.1.4.2

Add $\frac{1}{2}$ and $0$ .

$\frac{1}{2}$

Step 3.2

Rewrite the problem using $u_{2}$ and $d u_{2}$ .

$2 \int \frac{{u_{2}}^{3}}{2 u_{2} + 3} \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{1}{2}} d u_{2}$

Step 4

Simplify.

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Step 4.1

Multiply by the reciprocal of the fraction to divide by $\frac{1}{2}$ .

$2 \int \frac{{u_{2}}^{3}}{2 u_{2} + 3} (1 \cdot 2) d u_{2}$

Step 4.2

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$2 \int \frac{{u_{2}}^{3}}{2 u_{2} + 3} \cdot 2 d u_{2}$

Step 4.3

Combine $\frac{{u_{2}}^{3}}{2 u_{2} + 3}$ and $2$ .

$2 \int \frac{{u_{2}}^{3} \cdot 2}{2 u_{2} + 3} d u_{2}$

Step 4.4

Move $2$ to the left of ${u_{2}}^{3}$ .

$2 \int \frac{2 {u_{2}}^{3}}{2 u_{2} + 3} d u_{2}$

Step 5

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $u_{2}$ , move $2$ out of the integral.

$2 (2 \int \frac{{u_{2}}^{3}}{2 u_{2} + 3} d u_{2})$

Step 6

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$4 \int \frac{{u_{2}}^{3}}{2 u_{2} + 3} d u_{2}$

Step 7

Divide ${u_{2}}^{3}$ by $2 u_{2} + 3$ .

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Step 7.1

Set up the polynomials to be divided. If there is not a term for every exponent, insert one with a value of $0$ .

$2 u_{2}$

$3$

${u_{2}}^{3}$

$0 {u_{2}}^{2}$

$0 u_{2}$

$0$

Step 7.2

Divide the highest order term in the dividend ${u_{2}}^{3}$ by the highest order term in divisor $2 u_{2}$ .

					$\frac{{u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$
	$2 u_{2}$	+	$3$		${u_{2}}^{3}$	+	$0 {u_{2}}^{2}$	+	$0 u_{2}$	+	$0$

Step 7.3

Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.

				$\frac{{u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$
$2 u_{2}$	+	$3$		${u_{2}}^{3}$	+	$0 {u_{2}}^{2}$	+	$0 u_{2}$	+	$0$
			+	${u_{2}}^{3}$	+	$\frac{3 {u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$

Step 7.4

The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in $u^{3} + \frac{3 u^{2}}{2}$

				$\frac{{u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$
$2 u_{2}$	+	$3$		${u_{2}}^{3}$	+	$0 {u_{2}}^{2}$	+	$0 u_{2}$	+	$0$
			-	${u_{2}}^{3}$	-	$\frac{3 {u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$

Step 7.5

After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.

				$\frac{{u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$
$2 u_{2}$	+	$3$		${u_{2}}^{3}$	+	$0 {u_{2}}^{2}$	+	$0 u_{2}$	+	$0$
			-	${u_{2}}^{3}$	-	$\frac{3 {u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$
					-	$\frac{3 {u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$

Step 7.6

Pull the next terms from the original dividend down into the current dividend.

				$\frac{{u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$
$2 u_{2}$	+	$3$		${u_{2}}^{3}$	+	$0 {u_{2}}^{2}$	+	$0 u_{2}$	+	$0$
			-	${u_{2}}^{3}$	-	$\frac{3 {u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$
					-	$\frac{3 {u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$	+	$0 u_{2}$

Step 7.7

Divide the highest order term in the dividend $- \frac{3 {u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$ by the highest order term in divisor $2 u_{2}$ .

				$\frac{{u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$	-	$\frac{3 u_{2}}{4}$
$2 u_{2}$	+	$3$		${u_{2}}^{3}$	+	$0 {u_{2}}^{2}$	+	$0 u_{2}$	+	$0$
			-	${u_{2}}^{3}$	-	$\frac{3 {u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$
					-	$\frac{3 {u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$	+	$0 u_{2}$

Step 7.8

Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.

				$\frac{{u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$	-	$\frac{3 u_{2}}{4}$
$2 u_{2}$	+	$3$		${u_{2}}^{3}$	+	$0 {u_{2}}^{2}$	+	$0 u_{2}$	+	$0$
			-	${u_{2}}^{3}$	-	$\frac{3 {u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$
					-	$\frac{3 {u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$	+	$0 u_{2}$
					-	$\frac{3 {u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$	-	$\frac{9 u_{2}}{4}$

Step 7.9

The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in $- \frac{3 u^{2}}{2} - \frac{9 u}{4}$

				$\frac{{u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$	-	$\frac{3 u_{2}}{4}$
$2 u_{2}$	+	$3$		${u_{2}}^{3}$	+	$0 {u_{2}}^{2}$	+	$0 u_{2}$	+	$0$
			-	${u_{2}}^{3}$	-	$\frac{3 {u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$
					-	$\frac{3 {u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$	+	$0 u_{2}$
					+	$\frac{3 {u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$	+	$\frac{9 u_{2}}{4}$

Step 7.10

After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.

				$\frac{{u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$	-	$\frac{3 u_{2}}{4}$
$2 u_{2}$	+	$3$		${u_{2}}^{3}$	+	$0 {u_{2}}^{2}$	+	$0 u_{2}$	+	$0$
			-	${u_{2}}^{3}$	-	$\frac{3 {u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$
					-	$\frac{3 {u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$	+	$0 u_{2}$
					+	$\frac{3 {u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$	+	$\frac{9 u_{2}}{4}$
							+	$\frac{9 u_{2}}{4}$

Step 7.11

Pull the next terms from the original dividend down into the current dividend.

				$\frac{{u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$	-	$\frac{3 u_{2}}{4}$
$2 u_{2}$	+	$3$		${u_{2}}^{3}$	+	$0 {u_{2}}^{2}$	+	$0 u_{2}$	+	$0$
			-	${u_{2}}^{3}$	-	$\frac{3 {u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$
					-	$\frac{3 {u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$	+	$0 u_{2}$
					+	$\frac{3 {u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$	+	$\frac{9 u_{2}}{4}$
							+	$\frac{9 u_{2}}{4}$	+	$0$

Step 7.12

Divide the highest order term in the dividend $\frac{9 u_{2}}{4}$ by the highest order term in divisor $2 u_{2}$ .

				$\frac{{u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$	-	$\frac{3 u_{2}}{4}$	+	$\frac{9}{8}$
$2 u_{2}$	+	$3$		${u_{2}}^{3}$	+	$0 {u_{2}}^{2}$	+	$0 u_{2}$	+	$0$
			-	${u_{2}}^{3}$	-	$\frac{3 {u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$
					-	$\frac{3 {u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$	+	$0 u_{2}$
					+	$\frac{3 {u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$	+	$\frac{9 u_{2}}{4}$
							+	$\frac{9 u_{2}}{4}$	+	$0$

Step 7.13

Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.

				$\frac{{u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$	-	$\frac{3 u_{2}}{4}$	+	$\frac{9}{8}$
$2 u_{2}$	+	$3$		${u_{2}}^{3}$	+	$0 {u_{2}}^{2}$	+	$0 u_{2}$	+	$0$
			-	${u_{2}}^{3}$	-	$\frac{3 {u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$
					-	$\frac{3 {u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$	+	$0 u_{2}$
					+	$\frac{3 {u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$	+	$\frac{9 u_{2}}{4}$
							+	$\frac{9 u_{2}}{4}$	+	$0$
							+	$\frac{9 u_{2}}{4}$	+	$\frac{27}{8}$

Step 7.14

The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in $\frac{9 u_{2}}{4} + \frac{27}{8}$

				$\frac{{u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$	-	$\frac{3 u_{2}}{4}$	+	$\frac{9}{8}$
$2 u_{2}$	+	$3$		${u_{2}}^{3}$	+	$0 {u_{2}}^{2}$	+	$0 u_{2}$	+	$0$
			-	${u_{2}}^{3}$	-	$\frac{3 {u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$
					-	$\frac{3 {u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$	+	$0 u_{2}$
					+	$\frac{3 {u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$	+	$\frac{9 u_{2}}{4}$
							+	$\frac{9 u_{2}}{4}$	+	$0$
							-	$\frac{9 u_{2}}{4}$	-	$\frac{27}{8}$

Step 7.15

After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.

				$\frac{{u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$	-	$\frac{3 u_{2}}{4}$	+	$\frac{9}{8}$
$2 u_{2}$	+	$3$		${u_{2}}^{3}$	+	$0 {u_{2}}^{2}$	+	$0 u_{2}$	+	$0$
			-	${u_{2}}^{3}$	-	$\frac{3 {u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$
					-	$\frac{3 {u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$	+	$0 u_{2}$
					+	$\frac{3 {u_{2}}^{2}}{2}$	+	$\frac{9 u_{2}}{4}$
							+	$\frac{9 u_{2}}{4}$	+	$0$
							-	$\frac{9 u_{2}}{4}$	-	$\frac{27}{8}$
									-	$\frac{27}{8}$

Step 7.16

The final answer is the quotient plus the remainder over the divisor.

$4 \int \frac{{u_{2}}^{2}}{2} - \frac{3 u_{2}}{4} + \frac{9}{8} - \frac{27}{8 (2 u_{2} + 3)} d u_{2}$

Step 8

Split the single integral into multiple integrals.

$4 (\int \frac{{u_{2}}^{2}}{2} d u_{2} + \int - \frac{3 u_{2}}{4} d u_{2} + \int \frac{9}{8} d u_{2} + \int - \frac{27}{8 (2 u_{2} + 3)} d u_{2})$

Step 9

Since $\frac{1}{2}$ is constant with respect to $u_{2}$ , move $\frac{1}{2}$ out of the integral.

$4 (\frac{1}{2} \int {u_{2}}^{2} d u_{2} + \int - \frac{3 u_{2}}{4} d u_{2} + \int \frac{9}{8} d u_{2} + \int - \frac{27}{8 (2 u_{2} + 3)} d u_{2})$

Step 10

By the Power Rule, the integral of ${u_{2}}^{2}$ with respect to $u_{2}$ is $\frac{1}{3} {u_{2}}^{3}$ .

$4 (\frac{1}{2} (\frac{1}{3} {u_{2}}^{3} + C) + \int - \frac{3 u_{2}}{4} d u_{2} + \int \frac{9}{8} d u_{2} + \int - \frac{27}{8 (2 u_{2} + 3)} d u_{2})$

Step 11

Combine $\frac{1}{3}$ and ${u_{2}}^{3}$ .

$4 (\frac{1}{2} (\frac{{u_{2}}^{3}}{3} + C) + \int - \frac{3 u_{2}}{4} d u_{2} + \int \frac{9}{8} d u_{2} + \int - \frac{27}{8 (2 u_{2} + 3)} d u_{2})$

Step 12

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $u_{2}$ , move $- 1$ out of the integral.

$4 (\frac{1}{2} (\frac{{u_{2}}^{3}}{3} + C) - \int \frac{3 u_{2}}{4} d u_{2} + \int \frac{9}{8} d u_{2} + \int - \frac{27}{8 (2 u_{2} + 3)} d u_{2})$

Step 13

Since $\frac{3}{4}$ is constant with respect to $u_{2}$ , move $\frac{3}{4}$ out of the integral.

$4 (\frac{1}{2} (\frac{{u_{2}}^{3}}{3} + C) - (\frac{3}{4} \int u_{2} d u_{2}) + \int \frac{9}{8} d u_{2} + \int - \frac{27}{8 (2 u_{2} + 3)} d u_{2})$

Step 14

By the Power Rule, the integral of $u_{2}$ with respect to $u_{2}$ is $\frac{1}{2} {u_{2}}^{2}$ .

$4 (\frac{1}{2} (\frac{{u_{2}}^{3}}{3} + C) - \frac{3}{4} (\frac{1}{2} {u_{2}}^{2} + C) + \int \frac{9}{8} d u_{2} + \int - \frac{27}{8 (2 u_{2} + 3)} d u_{2})$

Step 15

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and ${u_{2}}^{2}$ .

$4 (\frac{1}{2} (\frac{{u_{2}}^{3}}{3} + C) - \frac{3}{4} (\frac{{u_{2}}^{2}}{2} + C) + \int \frac{9}{8} d u_{2} + \int - \frac{27}{8 (2 u_{2} + 3)} d u_{2})$

Step 16

Apply the constant rule.

$4 (\frac{1}{2} (\frac{{u_{2}}^{3}}{3} + C) - \frac{3}{4} (\frac{{u_{2}}^{2}}{2} + C) + \frac{9}{8} u_{2} + C + \int - \frac{27}{8 (2 u_{2} + 3)} d u_{2})$

Step 17

Combine $\frac{9}{8}$ and $u_{2}$ .

$4 (\frac{1}{2} (\frac{{u_{2}}^{3}}{3} + C) - \frac{3}{4} (\frac{{u_{2}}^{2}}{2} + C) + \frac{9 u_{2}}{8} + C + \int - \frac{27}{8 (2 u_{2} + 3)} d u_{2})$

Step 18

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $u_{2}$ , move $- 1$ out of the integral.

$4 (\frac{1}{2} (\frac{{u_{2}}^{3}}{3} + C) - \frac{3}{4} (\frac{{u_{2}}^{2}}{2} + C) + \frac{9 u_{2}}{8} + C - \int \frac{27}{8 (2 u_{2} + 3)} d u_{2})$

Step 19

Since $\frac{27}{8}$ is constant with respect to $u_{2}$ , move $\frac{27}{8}$ out of the integral.

$4 (\frac{1}{2} (\frac{{u_{2}}^{3}}{3} + C) - \frac{3}{4} (\frac{{u_{2}}^{2}}{2} + C) + \frac{9 u_{2}}{8} + C - (\frac{27}{8} \int \frac{1}{2 u_{2} + 3} d u_{2}))$

Step 20

Let $u_{3} = 2 u_{2} + 3$ . Then $d u_{3} = 2 d u_{2}$ , so $\frac{1}{2} d u_{3} = d u_{2}$ . Rewrite using $u_{3}$ and $d$ $u_{3}$ .

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Step 20.1

Let $u_{3} = 2 u_{2} + 3$ . Find $\frac{d u_{3}}{d u_{2}}$ .

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Step 20.1.1

Differentiate $2 u_{2} + 3$ .

$\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [2 u_{2} + 3]$

Step 20.1.2

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $2 u_{2} + 3$ with respect to $u_{2}$ is $\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [2 u_{2}] + \frac{d}{d u_{2}} [3]$ .

$\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [2 u_{2}] + \frac{d}{d u_{2}} [3]$

Step 20.1.3

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [2 u_{2}]$ .

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Step 20.1.3.1

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $u_{2}$ , the derivative of $2 u_{2}$ with respect to $u_{2}$ is $2 \frac{d}{d u_{2}} [u_{2}]$ .

$2 \frac{d}{d u_{2}} [u_{2}] + \frac{d}{d u_{2}} [3]$

Step 20.1.3.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [{u_{2}}^{n}]$ is $n {u_{2}}^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$2 \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d u_{2}} [3]$

Step 20.1.3.3

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$2 + \frac{d}{d u_{2}} [3]$

Step 20.1.4

Differentiate using the Constant Rule.

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Step 20.1.4.1

Since $3$ is constant with respect to $u_{2}$ , the derivative of $3$ with respect to $u_{2}$ is $0$ .

$2 + 0$

Step 20.1.4.2

Add $2$ and $0$ .

$2$

Step 20.2

Rewrite the problem using $u_{3}$ and $d u_{3}$ .

$4 (\frac{1}{2} (\frac{{u_{2}}^{3}}{3} + C) - \frac{3}{4} (\frac{{u_{2}}^{2}}{2} + C) + \frac{9 u_{2}}{8} + C - \frac{27}{8} \int \frac{1}{u_{3}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} d u_{3})$

Step 21

Simplify.

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Step 21.1

Multiply $\frac{1}{u_{3}}$ by $\frac{1}{2}$ .

$4 (\frac{1}{2} (\frac{{u_{2}}^{3}}{3} + C) - \frac{3}{4} (\frac{{u_{2}}^{2}}{2} + C) + \frac{9 u_{2}}{8} + C - \frac{27}{8} \int \frac{1}{u_{3} \cdot 2} d u_{3})$

Step 21.2

Move $2$ to the left of $u_{3}$ .

$4 (\frac{1}{2} (\frac{{u_{2}}^{3}}{3} + C) - \frac{3}{4} (\frac{{u_{2}}^{2}}{2} + C) + \frac{9 u_{2}}{8} + C - \frac{27}{8} \int \frac{1}{2 u_{3}} d u_{3})$

Step 22

Since $\frac{1}{2}$ is constant with respect to $u_{3}$ , move $\frac{1}{2}$ out of the integral.

$4 (\frac{1}{2} (\frac{{u_{2}}^{3}}{3} + C) - \frac{3}{4} (\frac{{u_{2}}^{2}}{2} + C) + \frac{9 u_{2}}{8} + C - \frac{27}{8} (\frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{u_{3}} d u_{3}))$

Step 23

Simplify.

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Step 23.1

Multiply $\frac{1}{2}$ by $\frac{27}{8}$ .

$4 (\frac{1}{2} (\frac{{u_{2}}^{3}}{3} + C) - \frac{3}{4} (\frac{{u_{2}}^{2}}{2} + C) + \frac{9 u_{2}}{8} + C - \frac{27}{2 \cdot 8} \int \frac{1}{u_{3}} d u_{3})$

Step 23.2

Multiply $2$ by $8$ .

$4 (\frac{1}{2} (\frac{{u_{2}}^{3}}{3} + C) - \frac{3}{4} (\frac{{u_{2}}^{2}}{2} + C) + \frac{9 u_{2}}{8} + C - \frac{27}{16} \int \frac{1}{u_{3}} d u_{3})$

Step 24

The integral of $\frac{1}{u_{3}}$ with respect to $u_{3}$ is $\ln (| u_{3} |)$ .

$4 (\frac{1}{2} (\frac{{u_{2}}^{3}}{3} + C) - \frac{3}{4} (\frac{{u_{2}}^{2}}{2} + C) + \frac{9 u_{2}}{8} + C - \frac{27}{16} (\ln (| u_{3} |) + C))$

Step 25

Simplify.

$4 (\frac{{u_{2}}^{3}}{6} - \frac{3 {u_{2}}^{2}}{8} + \frac{9 u_{2}}{8} - \frac{27 \ln (| u_{3} |)}{16}) + C$

Step 26

Reorder terms.

$4 (\frac{1}{6} {u_{2}}^{3} - \frac{3}{8} {u_{2}}^{2} + \frac{9}{8} u_{2} - \frac{27}{16} \ln (| u_{3} |)) + C$

Step 27

Substitute back in for each integration substitution variable.

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Step 27.1

Replace all occurrences of $u_{2}$ with $\frac{u_{1}}{2} - \frac{3}{2}$ .

$4 (\frac{1}{6} {(\frac{u_{1}}{2} - \frac{3}{2})}^{3} - \frac{3}{8} {(\frac{u_{1}}{2} - \frac{3}{2})}^{2} + \frac{9}{8} (\frac{u_{1}}{2} - \frac{3}{2}) - \frac{27}{16} \ln (| u_{3} |)) + C$

Step 27.2

Replace all occurrences of $u_{3}$ with $2 u_{2} + 3$ .

$4 (\frac{1}{6} {(\frac{u_{1}}{2} - \frac{3}{2})}^{3} - \frac{3}{8} {(\frac{u_{1}}{2} - \frac{3}{2})}^{2} + \frac{9}{8} (\frac{u_{1}}{2} - \frac{3}{2}) - \frac{27}{16} \ln (| 2 u_{2} + 3 |)) + C$

Step 27.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{1}$ with $2 x + 3$ .

$4 (\frac{1}{6} {(\frac{2 x + 3}{2} - \frac{3}{2})}^{3} - \frac{3}{8} {(\frac{2 x + 3}{2} - \frac{3}{2})}^{2} + \frac{9}{8} (\frac{2 x + 3}{2} - \frac{3}{2}) - \frac{27}{16} \ln (| 2 u_{2} + 3 |)) + C$

Step 27.4

Replace all occurrences of $u_{2}$ with $\frac{u_{1}}{2} - \frac{3}{2}$ .

Step 27.5

Replace all occurrences of $u_{1}$ with $2 x + 3$ .

Step 28

Simplify.

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Step 28.1

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

Step 28.2

Combine the opposite terms in $2 x + 3 - 3$ .

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Step 28.2.1

Subtract $3$ from $3$ .

Step 28.2.2

Add $2 x$ and $0$ .

Step 28.3

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 28.3.1

Cancel the common factor.

Step 28.3.2

Rewrite the expression.

$4 (\frac{1}{6} {(\frac{2 x + 3}{2} - \frac{3}{2})}^{3} - \frac{3}{8} {(\frac{2 x + 3}{2} - \frac{3}{2})}^{2} + \frac{9}{8} (\frac{2 x + 3}{2} - \frac{3}{2}) - \frac{27}{16} \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)) + C$

Step 28.4

Simplify each term.

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Step 28.4.1

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$4 (\frac{1}{6} {(\frac{2 x + 3 - 3}{2})}^{3} - \frac{3}{8} {(\frac{2 x + 3}{2} - \frac{3}{2})}^{2} + \frac{9}{8} (\frac{2 x + 3}{2} - \frac{3}{2}) - \frac{27}{16} \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)) + C$

Step 28.4.2

Combine the opposite terms in $2 x + 3 - 3$ .

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Step 28.4.2.1

Subtract $3$ from $3$ .

$4 (\frac{1}{6} {(\frac{2 x + 0}{2})}^{3} - \frac{3}{8} {(\frac{2 x + 3}{2} - \frac{3}{2})}^{2} + \frac{9}{8} (\frac{2 x + 3}{2} - \frac{3}{2}) - \frac{27}{16} \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)) + C$

Step 28.4.2.2

Add $2 x$ and $0$ .

$4 (\frac{1}{6} {(\frac{2 x}{2})}^{3} - \frac{3}{8} {(\frac{2 x + 3}{2} - \frac{3}{2})}^{2} + \frac{9}{8} (\frac{2 x + 3}{2} - \frac{3}{2}) - \frac{27}{16} \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)) + C$

Step 28.4.3

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 28.4.3.1

Cancel the common factor.

$4 (\frac{1}{6} {(\frac{2 x}{2})}^{3} - \frac{3}{8} {(\frac{2 x + 3}{2} - \frac{3}{2})}^{2} + \frac{9}{8} (\frac{2 x + 3}{2} - \frac{3}{2}) - \frac{27}{16} \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)) + C$

Step 28.4.3.2

Divide $x$ by $1$ .

$4 (\frac{1}{6} x^{3} - \frac{3}{8} {(\frac{2 x + 3}{2} - \frac{3}{2})}^{2} + \frac{9}{8} (\frac{2 x + 3}{2} - \frac{3}{2}) - \frac{27}{16} \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)) + C$

Step 28.4.4

Combine $\frac{1}{6}$ and $x^{3}$ .

$4 (\frac{x^{3}}{6} - \frac{3}{8} {(\frac{2 x + 3}{2} - \frac{3}{2})}^{2} + \frac{9}{8} (\frac{2 x + 3}{2} - \frac{3}{2}) - \frac{27}{16} \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)) + C$

Step 28.4.5

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$4 (\frac{x^{3}}{6} - \frac{3}{8} {(\frac{2 x + 3 - 3}{2})}^{2} + \frac{9}{8} (\frac{2 x + 3}{2} - \frac{3}{2}) - \frac{27}{16} \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)) + C$

Step 28.4.6

Combine the opposite terms in $2 x + 3 - 3$ .

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Step 28.4.6.1

Subtract $3$ from $3$ .

$4 (\frac{x^{3}}{6} - \frac{3}{8} {(\frac{2 x + 0}{2})}^{2} + \frac{9}{8} (\frac{2 x + 3}{2} - \frac{3}{2}) - \frac{27}{16} \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)) + C$

Step 28.4.6.2

Add $2 x$ and $0$ .

$4 (\frac{x^{3}}{6} - \frac{3}{8} {(\frac{2 x}{2})}^{2} + \frac{9}{8} (\frac{2 x + 3}{2} - \frac{3}{2}) - \frac{27}{16} \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)) + C$

Step 28.4.7

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 28.4.7.1

Cancel the common factor.

$4 (\frac{x^{3}}{6} - \frac{3}{8} {(\frac{2 x}{2})}^{2} + \frac{9}{8} (\frac{2 x + 3}{2} - \frac{3}{2}) - \frac{27}{16} \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)) + C$

Step 28.4.7.2

Divide $x$ by $1$ .

$4 (\frac{x^{3}}{6} - \frac{3}{8} x^{2} + \frac{9}{8} (\frac{2 x + 3}{2} - \frac{3}{2}) - \frac{27}{16} \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)) + C$

Step 28.4.8

Combine $x^{2}$ and $\frac{3}{8}$ .

$4 (\frac{x^{3}}{6} - \frac{x^{2} \cdot 3}{8} + \frac{9}{8} (\frac{2 x + 3}{2} - \frac{3}{2}) - \frac{27}{16} \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)) + C$

Step 28.4.9

Move $3$ to the left of $x^{2}$ .

$4 (\frac{x^{3}}{6} - \frac{3 \cdot x^{2}}{8} + \frac{9}{8} (\frac{2 x + 3}{2} - \frac{3}{2}) - \frac{27}{16} \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)) + C$

Step 28.4.10

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$4 (\frac{x^{3}}{6} - \frac{3 x^{2}}{8} + \frac{9}{8} \cdot \frac{2 x + 3 - 3}{2} - \frac{27}{16} \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)) + C$

Step 28.4.11

Combine the opposite terms in $2 x + 3 - 3$ .

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Step 28.4.11.1

Subtract $3$ from $3$ .

$4 (\frac{x^{3}}{6} - \frac{3 x^{2}}{8} + \frac{9}{8} \cdot \frac{2 x + 0}{2} - \frac{27}{16} \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)) + C$

Step 28.4.11.2

Add $2 x$ and $0$ .

$4 (\frac{x^{3}}{6} - \frac{3 x^{2}}{8} + \frac{9}{8} \cdot \frac{2 x}{2} - \frac{27}{16} \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)) + C$

Step 28.4.12

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 28.4.12.1

Factor $2$ out of $8$ .

$4 (\frac{x^{3}}{6} - \frac{3 x^{2}}{8} + \frac{9}{2 (4)} \cdot \frac{2 x}{2} - \frac{27}{16} \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)) + C$

Step 28.4.12.2

Factor $2$ out of $2 x$ .

$4 (\frac{x^{3}}{6} - \frac{3 x^{2}}{8} + \frac{9}{2 (4)} \cdot \frac{2 (x)}{2} - \frac{27}{16} \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)) + C$

Step 28.4.12.3

Cancel the common factor.

$4 (\frac{x^{3}}{6} - \frac{3 x^{2}}{8} + \frac{9}{2 \cdot 4} \cdot \frac{2 x}{2} - \frac{27}{16} \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)) + C$

Step 28.4.12.4

Rewrite the expression.

$4 (\frac{x^{3}}{6} - \frac{3 x^{2}}{8} + \frac{9}{4} \cdot \frac{x}{2} - \frac{27}{16} \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)) + C$

Step 28.4.13

Multiply $\frac{9}{4}$ by $\frac{x}{2}$ .

$4 (\frac{x^{3}}{6} - \frac{3 x^{2}}{8} + \frac{9 x}{4 \cdot 2} - \frac{27}{16} \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)) + C$

Step 28.4.14

Multiply $4$ by $2$ .

$4 (\frac{x^{3}}{6} - \frac{3 x^{2}}{8} + \frac{9 x}{8} - \frac{27}{16} \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)) + C$

Step 28.4.15

Combine $\ln (| 2 x + 3 |)$ and $\frac{27}{16}$ .

$4 (\frac{x^{3}}{6} - \frac{3 x^{2}}{8} + \frac{9 x}{8} - \frac{\ln (| 2 x + 3 |) \cdot 27}{16}) + C$

Step 28.4.16

Move $27$ to the left of $\ln (| 2 x + 3 |)$ .

$4 (\frac{x^{3}}{6} - \frac{3 x^{2}}{8} + \frac{9 x}{8} - \frac{27 \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)}{16}) + C$

Step 28.5

To write $\frac{x^{3}}{6}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{8}{8}$ .

$4 (- \frac{3 x^{2}}{8} + \frac{9 x}{8} + \frac{x^{3}}{6} \cdot \frac{8}{8} - \frac{27 \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)}{16}) + C$

Step 28.6

To write $- \frac{27 \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)}{16}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{3}{3}$ .

$4 (- \frac{3 x^{2}}{8} + \frac{9 x}{8} + \frac{x^{3}}{6} \cdot \frac{8}{8} - \frac{27 \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)}{16} \cdot \frac{3}{3}) + C$

Step 28.7

Write each expression with a common denominator of $48$ , by multiplying each by an appropriate factor of $1$ .

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Step 28.7.1

Multiply $\frac{x^{3}}{6}$ by $\frac{8}{8}$ .

$4 (- \frac{3 x^{2}}{8} + \frac{9 x}{8} + \frac{x^{3} \cdot 8}{6 \cdot 8} - \frac{27 \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)}{16} \cdot \frac{3}{3}) + C$

Step 28.7.2

Multiply $6$ by $8$ .

$4 (- \frac{3 x^{2}}{8} + \frac{9 x}{8} + \frac{x^{3} \cdot 8}{48} - \frac{27 \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)}{16} \cdot \frac{3}{3}) + C$

Step 28.7.3

Multiply $\frac{27 \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)}{16}$ by $\frac{3}{3}$ .

$4 (- \frac{3 x^{2}}{8} + \frac{9 x}{8} + \frac{x^{3} \cdot 8}{48} - \frac{27 \ln (| 2 x + 3 |) \cdot 3}{16 \cdot 3}) + C$

Step 28.7.4

Multiply $16$ by $3$ .

$4 (- \frac{3 x^{2}}{8} + \frac{9 x}{8} + \frac{x^{3} \cdot 8}{48} - \frac{27 \ln (| 2 x + 3 |) \cdot 3}{48}) + C$

Step 28.8

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$4 (- \frac{3 x^{2}}{8} + \frac{9 x}{8} + \frac{x^{3} \cdot 8 - 27 \ln (| 2 x + 3 |) \cdot 3}{48}) + C$

Step 28.9

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 28.9.1

Move $8$ to the left of $x^{3}$ .

$4 (- \frac{3 x^{2}}{8} + \frac{9 x}{8} + \frac{8 \cdot x^{3} - 27 \ln (| 2 x + 3 |) \cdot 3}{48}) + C$

Step 28.9.2

Multiply $3$ by $- 27$ .

$4 (- \frac{3 x^{2}}{8} + \frac{9 x}{8} + \frac{8 x^{3} - 81 \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)}{48}) + C$

Step 28.10

Apply the distributive property.

$4 (- \frac{3 x^{2}}{8}) + 4 \frac{9 x}{8} + 4 \frac{8 x^{3} - 81 \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)}{48} + C$

Step 28.11

Simplify.

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Step 28.11.1

Cancel the common factor of $4$ .

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Step 28.11.1.1

Move the leading negative in $- \frac{3 x^{2}}{8}$ into the numerator.

$4 \frac{- 3 x^{2}}{8} + 4 \frac{9 x}{8} + 4 \frac{8 x^{3} - 81 \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)}{48} + C$

Step 28.11.1.2

Factor $4$ out of $8$ .

$4 \frac{- 3 x^{2}}{4 (2)} + 4 \frac{9 x}{8} + 4 \frac{8 x^{3} - 81 \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)}{48} + C$

Step 28.11.1.3

Cancel the common factor.

$4 \frac{- 3 x^{2}}{4 \cdot 2} + 4 \frac{9 x}{8} + 4 \frac{8 x^{3} - 81 \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)}{48} + C$

Step 28.11.1.4

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{- 3 x^{2}}{2} + 4 \frac{9 x}{8} + 4 \frac{8 x^{3} - 81 \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)}{48} + C$

Step 28.11.2

Cancel the common factor of $4$ .

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Step 28.11.2.1

Factor $4$ out of $8$ .

$\frac{- 3 x^{2}}{2} + 4 \frac{9 x}{4 (2)} + 4 \frac{8 x^{3} - 81 \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)}{48} + C$

Step 28.11.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{- 3 x^{2}}{2} + 4 \frac{9 x}{4 \cdot 2} + 4 \frac{8 x^{3} - 81 \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)}{48} + C$

Step 28.11.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{- 3 x^{2}}{2} + \frac{9 x}{2} + 4 \frac{8 x^{3} - 81 \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)}{48} + C$

Step 28.11.3

Cancel the common factor of $4$ .

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Step 28.11.3.1

Factor $4$ out of $48$ .

$\frac{- 3 x^{2}}{2} + \frac{9 x}{2} + 4 \frac{8 x^{3} - 81 \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)}{4 (12)} + C$

Step 28.11.3.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{- 3 x^{2}}{2} + \frac{9 x}{2} + 4 \frac{8 x^{3} - 81 \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)}{4 \cdot 12} + C$

Step 28.11.3.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{- 3 x^{2}}{2} + \frac{9 x}{2} + \frac{8 x^{3} - 81 \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)}{12} + C$

Step 28.12

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$- \frac{3 x^{2}}{2} + \frac{9 x}{2} + \frac{8 x^{3} - 81 \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)}{12} + C$

Step 29

Reorder terms.

$- \frac{3}{2} x^{2} + \frac{9}{2} x + \frac{1}{12} (8 x^{3} - 81 \ln (| 2 x + 3 |)) + C$