Calculus Examples

$\int x^{4} + x^{3} - x^{2} + x - 1 d x$

Step 1

This integral could not be completed using u-substitution. Mathway will use another method.

Step 2

Split the single integral into multiple integrals.

$\int x^{4} d x + \int x^{3} d x + \int - x^{2} d x + \int x d x + \int - 1 d x$

Step 3

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x^{4}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{5} x^{5}$ .

$\frac{1}{5} x^{5} + C + \int x^{3} d x + \int - x^{2} d x + \int x d x + \int - 1 d x$

Step 4

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x^{3}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{4} x^{4}$ .

$\frac{1}{5} x^{5} + C + \frac{1}{4} x^{4} + C + \int - x^{2} d x + \int x d x + \int - 1 d x$

Step 5

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $- 1$ out of the integral.

$\frac{1}{5} x^{5} + C + \frac{1}{4} x^{4} + C - \int x^{2} d x + \int x d x + \int - 1 d x$

Step 6

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x^{2}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{3} x^{3}$ .

$\frac{1}{5} x^{5} + C + \frac{1}{4} x^{4} + C - (\frac{1}{3} x^{3} + C) + \int x d x + \int - 1 d x$

Step 7

Combine $\frac{1}{3}$ and $x^{3}$ .

$\frac{1}{5} x^{5} + C + \frac{1}{4} x^{4} + C - (\frac{x^{3}}{3} + C) + \int x d x + \int - 1 d x$

Step 8

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{2} x^{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{5} x^{5} + C + \frac{1}{4} x^{4} + C - (\frac{x^{3}}{3} + C) + \frac{1}{2} x^{2} + C + \int - 1 d x$

Step 9

Apply the constant rule.

$\frac{1}{5} x^{5} + C + \frac{1}{4} x^{4} + C - (\frac{x^{3}}{3} + C) + \frac{1}{2} x^{2} + C - x + C$

Step 10

Simplify.

$\frac{1}{5} x^{5} + \frac{1}{4} x^{4} - \frac{1}{3} x^{3} + \frac{1}{2} x^{2} - x + C$