Calculus Examples

$\int 4 x^{2} {(3 x + 1)}^{2} d x$

Step 1

Since $4$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $4$ out of the integral.

$4 \int x^{2} {(3 x + 1)}^{2} d x$

Step 2

Expand $x^{2} {(3 x + 1)}^{2}$ .

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Step 2.1

Rewrite ${(3 x + 1)}^{2}$ as $(3 x + 1) (3 x + 1)$ .

$4 \int x^{2} ((3 x + 1) (3 x + 1)) d x$

Step 2.2

Apply the distributive property.

$4 \int x^{2} (3 x (3 x + 1) + 1 (3 x + 1)) d x$

Step 2.3

Apply the distributive property.

$4 \int x^{2} (3 x (3 x) + 3 x \cdot 1 + 1 (3 x + 1)) d x$

Step 2.4

Apply the distributive property.

$4 \int x^{2} (3 x (3 x) + 3 x \cdot 1 + 1 (3 x) + 1 \cdot 1) d x$

Step 2.5

Apply the distributive property.

$4 \int x^{2} (3 x (3 x) + 3 x \cdot 1) + x^{2} (1 (3 x) + 1 \cdot 1) d x$

Step 2.6

Apply the distributive property.

$4 \int x^{2} (3 x (3 x)) + x^{2} (3 x \cdot 1) + x^{2} (1 (3 x) + 1 \cdot 1) d x$

Step 2.7

Apply the distributive property.

$4 \int x^{2} (3 x (3 x)) + x^{2} (3 x \cdot 1) + x^{2} (1 (3 x)) + x^{2} (1 \cdot 1) d x$

Step 2.8

Move $x$ .

$4 \int x^{2} (3 \cdot 3 x \cdot x) + x^{2} (3 x \cdot 1) + x^{2} (1 (3 x)) + x^{2} (1 \cdot 1) d x$

Step 2.9

Move parentheses.

$4 \int x^{2} (3 \cdot 3 x) x + x^{2} (3 x \cdot 1) + x^{2} (1 (3 x)) + x^{2} (1 \cdot 1) d x$

Step 2.10

Move parentheses.

$4 \int x^{2} (3 \cdot 3) x \cdot x + x^{2} (3 x \cdot 1) + x^{2} (1 (3 x)) + x^{2} (1 \cdot 1) d x$

Step 2.11

Move $x^{2}$ .

$4 \int 3 \cdot 3 x^{2} x \cdot x + x^{2} (3 x \cdot 1) + x^{2} (1 (3 x)) + x^{2} (1 \cdot 1) d x$

Step 2.12

Move $x$ .

$4 \int 3 \cdot 3 x^{2} x \cdot x + x^{2} (3 \cdot 1 x) + x^{2} (1 (3 x)) + x^{2} (1 \cdot 1) d x$

Step 2.13

Move parentheses.

$4 \int 3 \cdot 3 x^{2} x \cdot x + x^{2} (3 \cdot 1) x + x^{2} (1 (3 x)) + x^{2} (1 \cdot 1) d x$

Step 2.14

Move $x^{2}$ .

$4 \int 3 \cdot 3 x^{2} x \cdot x + 3 \cdot 1 x^{2} x + x^{2} (1 (3 x)) + x^{2} (1 \cdot 1) d x$

Step 2.15

Move parentheses.

$4 \int 3 \cdot 3 x^{2} x \cdot x + 3 \cdot 1 x^{2} x + x^{2} (1 \cdot 3) x + x^{2} (1 \cdot 1) d x$

Step 2.16

Move $x^{2}$ .

$4 \int 3 \cdot 3 x^{2} x \cdot x + 3 \cdot 1 x^{2} x + 1 \cdot 3 x^{2} x + x^{2} (1 \cdot 1) d x$

Step 2.17

Move $x^{2}$ .

$4 \int 3 \cdot 3 x^{2} x \cdot x + 3 \cdot 1 x^{2} x + 1 \cdot 3 x^{2} x + 1 \cdot 1 x^{2} d x$

Step 2.18

Multiply $3$ by $3$ .

$4 \int 9 x^{2} x \cdot x + 3 \cdot 1 x^{2} x + 1 \cdot 3 x^{2} x + 1 \cdot 1 x^{2} d x$

Step 2.19

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$4 \int 9 (x^{2} x^{1}) x + 3 \cdot 1 x^{2} x + 1 \cdot 3 x^{2} x + 1 \cdot 1 x^{2} d x$

Step 2.20

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$4 \int 9 x^{2 + 1} x + 3 \cdot 1 x^{2} x + 1 \cdot 3 x^{2} x + 1 \cdot 1 x^{2} d x$

Step 2.21

Add $2$ and $1$ .

$4 \int 9 x^{3} x + 3 \cdot 1 x^{2} x + 1 \cdot 3 x^{2} x + 1 \cdot 1 x^{2} d x$

Step 2.22

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$4 \int 9 (x^{3} x^{1}) + 3 \cdot 1 x^{2} x + 1 \cdot 3 x^{2} x + 1 \cdot 1 x^{2} d x$

Step 2.23

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$4 \int 9 x^{3 + 1} + 3 \cdot 1 x^{2} x + 1 \cdot 3 x^{2} x + 1 \cdot 1 x^{2} d x$

Step 2.24

Add $3$ and $1$ .

$4 \int 9 x^{4} + 3 \cdot 1 x^{2} x + 1 \cdot 3 x^{2} x + 1 \cdot 1 x^{2} d x$

Step 2.25

Multiply $3$ by $1$ .

$4 \int 9 x^{4} + 3 x^{2} x + 1 \cdot 3 x^{2} x + 1 \cdot 1 x^{2} d x$

Step 2.26

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$4 \int 9 x^{4} + 3 (x^{2} x^{1}) + 1 \cdot 3 x^{2} x + 1 \cdot 1 x^{2} d x$

Step 2.27

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$4 \int 9 x^{4} + 3 x^{2 + 1} + 1 \cdot 3 x^{2} x + 1 \cdot 1 x^{2} d x$

Step 2.28

Add $2$ and $1$ .

$4 \int 9 x^{4} + 3 x^{3} + 1 \cdot 3 x^{2} x + 1 \cdot 1 x^{2} d x$

Step 2.29

Multiply $3$ by $1$ .

$4 \int 9 x^{4} + 3 x^{3} + 3 x^{2} x + 1 \cdot 1 x^{2} d x$

Step 2.30

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$4 \int 9 x^{4} + 3 x^{3} + 3 (x^{2} x^{1}) + 1 \cdot 1 x^{2} d x$

Step 2.31

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$4 \int 9 x^{4} + 3 x^{3} + 3 x^{2 + 1} + 1 \cdot 1 x^{2} d x$

Step 2.32

Add $2$ and $1$ .

$4 \int 9 x^{4} + 3 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} + 1 \cdot 1 x^{2} d x$

Step 2.33

Multiply $1$ by $1$ .

$4 \int 9 x^{4} + 3 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} + 1 x^{2} d x$

Step 2.34

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $1$ .

$4 \int 9 x^{4} + 3 x^{3} + 3 x^{3} + x^{2} d x$

Step 2.35

Add $3 x^{3}$ and $3 x^{3}$ .

$4 \int 9 x^{4} + 6 x^{3} + x^{2} d x$

$4 \int 9 x^{4} + 6 x^{3} + x^{2} d x$

Step 3

Split the single integral into multiple integrals.

$4 (\int 9 x^{4} d x + \int 6 x^{3} d x + \int x^{2} d x)$

Step 4

Since $9$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $9$ out of the integral.

$4 (9 \int x^{4} d x + \int 6 x^{3} d x + \int x^{2} d x)$

Step 5

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x^{4}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{5} x^{5}$ .

$4 (9 (\frac{1}{5} x^{5} + C) + \int 6 x^{3} d x + \int x^{2} d x)$

Step 6

Since $6$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $6$ out of the integral.

$4 (9 (\frac{1}{5} x^{5} + C) + 6 \int x^{3} d x + \int x^{2} d x)$

Step 7

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x^{3}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{4} x^{4}$ .

$4 (9 (\frac{1}{5} x^{5} + C) + 6 (\frac{1}{4} x^{4} + C) + \int x^{2} d x)$

Step 8

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x^{2}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{3} x^{3}$ .

$4 (9 (\frac{1}{5} x^{5} + C) + 6 (\frac{1}{4} x^{4} + C) + \frac{1}{3} x^{3} + C)$

Step 9

Simplify.

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Step 9.1

Simplify.

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Step 9.1.1

Combine $\frac{1}{5}$ and $x^{5}$ .

$4 (9 (\frac{x^{5}}{5} + C) + 6 (\frac{1}{4} x^{4} + C) + \frac{1}{3} x^{3} + C)$

Step 9.1.2

Combine $\frac{1}{4}$ and $x^{4}$ .

$4 (9 (\frac{x^{5}}{5} + C) + 6 (\frac{x^{4}}{4} + C) + \frac{1}{3} x^{3} + C)$

Step 9.1.3

Combine $\frac{1}{3}$ and $x^{3}$ .

$4 (9 (\frac{x^{5}}{5} + C) + 6 (\frac{x^{4}}{4} + C) + \frac{x^{3}}{3} + C)$

$4 (9 (\frac{x^{5}}{5} + C) + 6 (\frac{x^{4}}{4} + C) + \frac{x^{3}}{3} + C)$

Step 9.2

Simplify.

$4 (\frac{9 x^{5}}{5} + \frac{3 x^{4}}{2} + \frac{x^{3}}{3}) + C$

Step 9.3

Reorder terms.

$4 (\frac{9}{5} x^{5} + \frac{3}{2} x^{4} + \frac{1}{3} x^{3}) + C$

$4 (\frac{9}{5} x^{5} + \frac{3}{2} x^{4} + \frac{1}{3} x^{3}) + C$

$[\begin{array}{c} x^{2} & \frac{1}{2} \\ \sqrt{π} & \int x d x \end{array}]$