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Calculus Examples
Step 1
Write as a function.
Step 2
Step 2.1
Find the first derivative.
Step 2.1.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.1.2
Evaluate .
Step 2.1.2.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 2.1.2.2
Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that is where and .
Step 2.1.2.3
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.1.2.4
Differentiate using the Exponential Rule which states that is where =.
Step 2.1.2.5
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 2.1.2.6
Combine and .
Step 2.1.2.7
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 2.1.2.8
Simplify the numerator.
Step 2.1.2.8.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.1.2.8.2
Subtract from .
Step 2.1.2.9
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 2.1.2.10
Combine and .
Step 2.1.2.11
Combine and .
Step 2.1.2.12
Move to the denominator using the negative exponent rule .
Step 2.1.2.13
Multiply the exponents in .
Step 2.1.2.13.1
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 2.1.2.13.2
Move to the left of .
Step 2.1.2.14
Multiply by .
Step 2.1.2.15
Combine.
Step 2.1.2.16
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.1.2.17
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 2.1.2.17.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 2.1.2.17.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 2.1.2.18
Multiply by .
Step 2.1.2.19
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.1.2.20
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 2.1.2.21
Add and .
Step 2.1.2.22
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 2.1.2.22.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 2.1.2.22.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 2.1.2.23
Simplify.
Step 2.1.3
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.1.4
Simplify.
Step 2.1.4.1
Add and .
Step 2.1.4.2
Reorder terms.
Step 2.1.4.3
Factor out of .
Step 2.1.4.3.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.1.4.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.1.4.3.3
Factor out of .
Step 2.1.4.4
Factor out of .
Step 2.1.4.5
Cancel the common factors.
Step 2.1.4.5.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.1.4.5.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 2.1.4.5.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 2.1.4.6
Factor out of .
Step 2.1.4.7
Rewrite as .
Step 2.1.4.8
Factor out of .
Step 2.1.4.9
Rewrite as .
Step 2.1.4.10
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 2.2
Find the second derivative.
Step 2.2.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.2.2
Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that is where and .
Step 2.2.3
Multiply the exponents in .
Step 2.2.3.1
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 2.2.3.2
Multiply .
Step 2.2.3.2.1
Combine and .
Step 2.2.3.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.2.4
Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that is where and .
Step 2.2.5
Differentiate.
Step 2.2.5.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.2.5.2
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.2.5.3
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.2.5.4
Multiply by .
Step 2.2.5.5
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.2.5.6
Simplify the expression.
Step 2.2.5.6.1
Add and .
Step 2.2.5.6.2
Move to the left of .
Step 2.2.6
Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that is where and .
Step 2.2.6.1
To apply the Chain Rule, set as .
Step 2.2.6.2
Differentiate using the Exponential Rule which states that is where =.
Step 2.2.6.3
Replace all occurrences of with .
Step 2.2.7
Differentiate.
Step 2.2.7.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.2.7.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.2.7.3
Simplify the expression.
Step 2.2.7.3.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.2.7.3.2
Move to the left of .
Step 2.2.7.3.3
Rewrite as .
Step 2.2.7.4
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.2.8
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 2.2.9
Combine and .
Step 2.2.10
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 2.2.11
Simplify the numerator.
Step 2.2.11.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.2.11.2
Subtract from .
Step 2.2.12
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 2.2.13
Combine and .
Step 2.2.14
Combine and .
Step 2.2.15
Move to the denominator using the negative exponent rule .
Step 2.2.16
Multiply by .
Step 2.2.17
Move to the left of .
Step 2.2.18
Simplify.
Step 2.2.18.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.2.18.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.2.18.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.2.18.4
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.2.18.5
Simplify the numerator.
Step 2.2.18.5.1
Simplify each term.
Step 2.2.18.5.1.1
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 2.2.18.5.1.2
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 2.2.18.5.1.3
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.2.18.5.1.3.1
Move .
Step 2.2.18.5.1.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.2.18.5.1.3.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.2.18.5.1.3.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.2.18.5.1.3.3
Write as a fraction with a common denominator.
Step 2.2.18.5.1.3.4
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 2.2.18.5.1.3.5
Add and .
Step 2.2.18.5.1.4
Multiply by .
Step 2.2.18.5.1.5
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 2.2.18.5.1.6
Multiply by .
Step 2.2.18.5.1.7
Multiply by .
Step 2.2.18.5.1.8
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 2.2.18.5.1.8.1
Move the leading negative in into the numerator.
Step 2.2.18.5.1.8.2
Factor out of .
Step 2.2.18.5.1.8.3
Factor out of .
Step 2.2.18.5.1.8.4
Cancel the common factor.
Step 2.2.18.5.1.8.5
Rewrite the expression.
Step 2.2.18.5.1.9
Combine and .
Step 2.2.18.5.1.10
Move to the numerator using the negative exponent rule .
Step 2.2.18.5.1.11
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.2.18.5.1.11.1
Move .
Step 2.2.18.5.1.11.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.2.18.5.1.11.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.2.18.5.1.11.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.2.18.5.1.11.3
Write as a fraction with a common denominator.
Step 2.2.18.5.1.11.4
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 2.2.18.5.1.11.5
Add and .
Step 2.2.18.5.1.12
Multiply .
Step 2.2.18.5.1.12.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.2.18.5.1.12.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.2.18.5.2
Add and .
Step 2.2.18.5.3
Subtract from .
Step 2.2.18.5.3.1
Move .
Step 2.2.18.5.3.2
Subtract from .
Step 2.2.18.6
Combine terms.
Step 2.2.18.6.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.2.18.6.2
Combine.
Step 2.2.18.6.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.2.18.6.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 2.2.18.6.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 2.2.18.6.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 2.2.18.6.5
Multiply by .
Step 2.2.18.6.6
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.2.18.6.7
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 2.2.18.6.8
Add and .
Step 2.2.18.6.9
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 2.2.18.6.9.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 2.2.18.6.9.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 2.2.18.6.10
Simplify.
Step 2.2.18.6.11
Multiply by .
Step 2.2.18.6.12
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.2.18.6.13
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 2.2.18.6.14
Add and .
Step 2.2.18.6.15
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 2.2.18.6.15.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.2.18.6.15.2
Cancel the common factors.
Step 2.2.18.6.15.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.2.18.6.15.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 2.2.18.6.15.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 2.2.18.6.15.2.4
Divide by .
Step 2.2.18.6.16
Multiply by .
Step 2.2.18.6.17
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.2.18.6.17.1
Move .
Step 2.2.18.6.17.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.2.18.6.17.3
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 2.2.18.6.17.4
Add and .
Step 2.2.18.7
Simplify the numerator.
Step 2.2.18.7.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.2.18.7.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.2.18.7.1.2
Factor out of .
Step 2.2.18.7.1.3
Factor out of .
Step 2.2.18.7.1.4
Factor out of .
Step 2.2.18.7.1.5
Factor out of .
Step 2.2.18.7.2
Reorder terms.
Step 2.2.18.8
Factor out of .
Step 2.2.18.9
Factor out of .
Step 2.2.18.10
Factor out of .
Step 2.2.18.11
Rewrite as .
Step 2.2.18.12
Factor out of .
Step 2.2.18.13
Rewrite as .
Step 2.2.18.14
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 2.2.18.15
Multiply by .
Step 2.2.18.16
Multiply by .
Step 2.3
The second derivative of with respect to is .
Step 3
Step 3.1
Set the second derivative equal to .
Step 3.2
Set the numerator equal to zero.
Step 3.3
Solve the equation for .
Step 3.3.1
If any individual factor on the left side of the equation is equal to , the entire expression will be equal to .
Step 3.3.2
Set equal to and solve for .
Step 3.3.2.1
Set equal to .
Step 3.3.2.2
Solve for .
Step 3.3.2.2.1
Take the natural logarithm of both sides of the equation to remove the variable from the exponent.
Step 3.3.2.2.2
The equation cannot be solved because is undefined.
Undefined
Step 3.3.2.2.3
There is no solution for
No solution
No solution
No solution
Step 3.3.3
Set equal to and solve for .
Step 3.3.3.1
Set equal to .
Step 3.3.3.2
Solve for .
Step 3.3.3.2.1
Use the quadratic formula to find the solutions.
Step 3.3.3.2.2
Substitute the values , , and into the quadratic formula and solve for .
Step 3.3.3.2.3
Simplify.
Step 3.3.3.2.3.1
Simplify the numerator.
Step 3.3.3.2.3.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 3.3.3.2.3.1.2
Multiply .
Step 3.3.3.2.3.1.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 3.3.3.2.3.1.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.3.3.2.3.1.3
Add and .
Step 3.3.3.2.3.1.4
Rewrite as .
Step 3.3.3.2.3.1.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 3.3.3.2.3.1.4.2
Rewrite as .
Step 3.3.3.2.3.1.5
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 3.3.3.2.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.3.3.2.3.3
Simplify .
Step 3.3.3.2.4
Simplify the expression to solve for the portion of the .
Step 3.3.3.2.4.1
Simplify the numerator.
Step 3.3.3.2.4.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 3.3.3.2.4.1.2
Multiply .
Step 3.3.3.2.4.1.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 3.3.3.2.4.1.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.3.3.2.4.1.3
Add and .
Step 3.3.3.2.4.1.4
Rewrite as .
Step 3.3.3.2.4.1.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 3.3.3.2.4.1.4.2
Rewrite as .
Step 3.3.3.2.4.1.5
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 3.3.3.2.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.3.3.2.4.3
Simplify .
Step 3.3.3.2.4.4
Change the to .
Step 3.3.3.2.5
Simplify the expression to solve for the portion of the .
Step 3.3.3.2.5.1
Simplify the numerator.
Step 3.3.3.2.5.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 3.3.3.2.5.1.2
Multiply .
Step 3.3.3.2.5.1.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 3.3.3.2.5.1.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.3.3.2.5.1.3
Add and .
Step 3.3.3.2.5.1.4
Rewrite as .
Step 3.3.3.2.5.1.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 3.3.3.2.5.1.4.2
Rewrite as .
Step 3.3.3.2.5.1.5
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 3.3.3.2.5.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.3.3.2.5.3
Simplify .
Step 3.3.3.2.5.4
Change the to .
Step 3.3.3.2.6
The final answer is the combination of both solutions.
Step 3.3.4
The final solution is all the values that make true.
Step 4
Step 4.1
Substitute in to find the value of .
Step 4.1.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 4.1.2
The final answer is .
Step 4.2
The point found by substituting in is . This point can be an inflection point.
Step 4.3
Substitute in to find the value of .
Step 4.3.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 4.3.2
Simplify the result.
Step 4.3.2.1
Simplify each term.
Step 4.3.2.1.1
Move to the numerator using the negative exponent rule .
Step 4.3.2.1.2
Rewrite as .
Step 4.3.2.1.2.1
Rewrite.
Step 4.3.2.1.2.2
Rewrite as .
Step 4.3.2.1.3
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 4.3.2.1.4
Rewrite as .
Step 4.3.2.2
The final answer is .
Step 4.4
The point found by substituting in is . This point can be an inflection point.
Step 4.5
Determine the points that could be inflection points.
Step 5
Split into intervals around the points that could potentially be inflection points.
Step 6
Step 6.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 6.2
Simplify the result.
Step 6.2.1
Simplify the numerator.
Step 6.2.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 6.2.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 6.2.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 6.2.1.4
Add and .
Step 6.2.1.5
Subtract from .
Step 6.2.1.6
Multiply by .
Step 6.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 6.2.3
The final answer is .
Step 6.3
At , the second derivative is . Since this is negative, the second derivative is decreasing on the interval
Decreasing on since
Decreasing on since
Step 7
Step 7.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 7.2
Simplify the result.
Step 7.2.1
Move to the denominator using the negative exponent rule .
Step 7.2.2
Simplify the numerator.
Step 7.2.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 7.2.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 7.2.2.3
Multiply by .
Step 7.2.2.4
Subtract from .
Step 7.2.2.5
Subtract from .
Step 7.2.3
Simplify the denominator.
Step 7.2.3.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 7.2.3.2
Combine exponents.
Step 7.2.3.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 7.2.3.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 7.2.4
Divide by .
Step 7.2.5
The final answer is .
Step 7.3
At , the second derivative is . Since this is negative, the second derivative is decreasing on the interval
Decreasing on since
Decreasing on since
Step 8
Step 8.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 8.2
Simplify the result.
Step 8.2.1
Move to the denominator using the negative exponent rule .
Step 8.2.2
Simplify the numerator.
Step 8.2.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 8.2.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 8.2.2.3
Multiply by .
Step 8.2.2.4
Subtract from .
Step 8.2.2.5
Subtract from .
Step 8.2.3
Simplify the denominator.
Step 8.2.3.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 8.2.3.2
Combine exponents.
Step 8.2.3.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 8.2.3.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 8.2.4
Divide by .
Step 8.2.5
The final answer is .
Step 8.3
At , the second derivative is . Since this is positive, the second derivative is increasing on the interval .
Increasing on since
Increasing on since
Step 9
An inflection point is a point on a curve at which the concavity changes sign from plus to minus or from minus to plus. The inflection point in this case is .
Step 10