Calculus Examples

$y = x^{\sin (2 x + 1)}$

Step 1

Differentiate both sides of the equation.

$\frac{d}{d x} (y) = \frac{d}{d x} (x^{\sin (2 x + 1)})$

Step 2

The derivative of $y$ with respect to $x$ is $y'$ .

$y'$

Step 3

Differentiate the right side of the equation.

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Step 3.1

Use the properties of logarithms to simplify the differentiation.

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Step 3.1.1

Rewrite $x^{\sin (2 x + 1)}$ as $e^{\ln (x^{\sin (2 x + 1)})}$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [e^{\ln (x^{\sin (2 x + 1)})}]$

Step 3.1.2

Expand $\ln (x^{\sin (2 x + 1)})$ by moving $\sin (2 x + 1)$ outside the logarithm.

$\frac{d}{d x} [e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)}]$

Step 3.2

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = e^{x}$ and $g (x) = \sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)$ .

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Step 3.2.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{1}$ as $\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)$ .

$\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [e^{u_{1}}] \frac{d}{d x} [\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)]$

Step 3.2.2

Differentiate using the Exponential Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [a^{u_{1}}]$ is $a^{u_{1}} \ln (a)$ where $a$ = $e$ .

$e^{u_{1}} \frac{d}{d x} [\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)]$

Step 3.2.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{1}$ with $\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)$ .

$e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)} \frac{d}{d x} [\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)]$

Step 3.3

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = \sin (2 x + 1)$ and $g (x) = \ln (x)$ .

$e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)} (\sin (2 x + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (x)] + \ln (x) \frac{d}{d x} [\sin (2 x + 1)])$

Step 3.4

The derivative of $\ln (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{x}$ .

$e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)} (\sin (2 x + 1) \frac{1}{x} + \ln (x) \frac{d}{d x} [\sin (2 x + 1)])$

Step 3.5

Combine $\sin (2 x + 1)$ and $\frac{1}{x}$ .

$e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)} (\frac{\sin (2 x + 1)}{x} + \ln (x) \frac{d}{d x} [\sin (2 x + 1)])$

Step 3.6

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \sin (x)$ and $g (x) = 2 x + 1$ .

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Step 3.6.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{2}$ as $2 x + 1$ .

$e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)} (\frac{\sin (2 x + 1)}{x} + \ln (x) (\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [\sin (u_{2})] \frac{d}{d x} [2 x + 1]))$

Step 3.6.2

The derivative of $\sin (u_{2})$ with respect to $u_{2}$ is $\cos (u_{2})$ .

$e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)} (\frac{\sin (2 x + 1)}{x} + \ln (x) (\cos (u_{2}) \frac{d}{d x} [2 x + 1]))$

Step 3.6.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{2}$ with $2 x + 1$ .

$e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)} (\frac{\sin (2 x + 1)}{x} + \ln (x) (\cos (2 x + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [2 x + 1]))$

Step 3.7

Differentiate.

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Step 3.7.1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $2 x + 1$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [2 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [1]$ .

$e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)} (\frac{\sin (2 x + 1)}{x} + \ln (x) (\cos (2 x + 1) (\frac{d}{d x} [2 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [1])))$

Step 3.7.2

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $2 x$ with respect to $x$ is $2 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)} (\frac{\sin (2 x + 1)}{x} + \ln (x) (\cos (2 x + 1) (2 \frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [1])))$

Step 3.7.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)} (\frac{\sin (2 x + 1)}{x} + \ln (x) (\cos (2 x + 1) (2 \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d x} [1])))$

Step 3.7.4

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)} (\frac{\sin (2 x + 1)}{x} + \ln (x) (\cos (2 x + 1) (2 + \frac{d}{d x} [1])))$

Step 3.7.5

Since $1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $1$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)} (\frac{\sin (2 x + 1)}{x} + \ln (x) (\cos (2 x + 1) (2 + 0)))$

Step 3.7.6

Simplify the expression.

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Step 3.7.6.1

Add $2$ and $0$ .

$e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)} (\frac{\sin (2 x + 1)}{x} + \ln (x) (\cos (2 x + 1) \cdot 2))$

Step 3.7.6.2

Move $2$ to the left of $\cos (2 x + 1)$ .

$e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)} (\frac{\sin (2 x + 1)}{x} + \ln (x) (2 \cdot \cos (2 x + 1)))$

Step 3.8

To write $\ln (x) (2 \cos (2 x + 1))$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{x}{x}$ .

$e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)} (\frac{\sin (2 x + 1)}{x} + \frac{\ln (x) (2 \cos (2 x + 1)) x}{x})$

Step 3.9

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)} \frac{\sin (2 x + 1) + \ln (x) (2 \cos (2 x + 1)) x}{x}$

Step 3.10

Combine $e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)}$ and $\frac{\sin (2 x + 1) + \ln (x) (2 \cos (2 x + 1)) x}{x}$ .

$\frac{e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)} (\sin (2 x + 1) + \ln (x) (2 \cos (2 x + 1)) x)}{x}$

Step 3.11

Simplify.

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Step 3.11.1

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 3.11.1.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 3.11.1.1.1

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)} (\sin (2 x + 1) + 2 \ln (x) \cos (2 x + 1) x)}{x}$

Step 3.11.1.1.2

Simplify $2 \ln (x)$ by moving $2$ inside the logarithm.

$\frac{e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)} (\sin (2 x + 1) + \ln (x^{2}) \cos (2 x + 1) x)}{x}$

Step 3.11.1.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)} \sin (2 x + 1) + e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)} (\ln (x^{2}) \cos (2 x + 1) x)}{x}$

Step 3.11.1.3

Reorder factors in $e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)} \sin (2 x + 1) + e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)} \ln (x^{2}) \cos (2 x + 1) x$ .

$\frac{e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)} \sin (2 x + 1) + x e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)} \ln (x^{2}) \cos (2 x + 1)}{x}$

Step 3.11.2

Reorder terms.

$\frac{e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)} \sin (2 x + 1) + e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)} x \cos (2 x + 1) \ln (x^{2})}{x}$

Step 3.11.3

Factor $e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)}$ out of $e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)} \sin (2 x + 1) + e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)} x \cos (2 x + 1) \ln (x^{2})$ .

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Step 3.11.3.1

Factor $e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)}$ out of $e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)} \sin (2 x + 1)$ .

$\frac{e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)} (\sin (2 x + 1)) + e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)} x \cos (2 x + 1) \ln (x^{2})}{x}$

Step 3.11.3.2

Factor $e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)}$ out of $e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)} x \cos (2 x + 1) \ln (x^{2})$ .

$\frac{e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)} (\sin (2 x + 1)) + e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)} (x \cos (2 x + 1) \ln (x^{2}))}{x}$

Step 3.11.3.3

Factor $e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)}$ out of $e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)} (\sin (2 x + 1)) + e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)} (x \cos (2 x + 1) \ln (x^{2}))$ .

$\frac{e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)} (\sin (2 x + 1) + x \cos (2 x + 1) \ln (x^{2}))}{x}$

Step 4

Reform the equation by setting the left side equal to the right side.

$y' = \frac{e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)} (\sin (2 x + 1) + x \cos (2 x + 1) \ln (x^{2}))}{x}$

Step 5

Replace $y'$ with $\frac{d y}{d x}$ .

$\frac{d y}{d x} = \frac{e^{\sin (2 x + 1) \ln (x)} (\sin (2 x + 1) + x \cos (2 x + 1) \ln (x^{2}))}{x}$