Calculus Examples

${(e^{x} - 1)}^{2}$

Step 1

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{2}$ and $g (x) = e^{x} - 1$ .

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Step 1.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u$ as $e^{x} - 1$ .

$\frac{d}{d u} [u^{2}] \frac{d}{d x} [e^{x} - 1]$

Step 1.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u} [u^{n}]$ is $n u^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$2 u \frac{d}{d x} [e^{x} - 1]$

Step 1.3

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $e^{x} - 1$ .

$2 (e^{x} - 1) \frac{d}{d x} [e^{x} - 1]$

Step 2

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $e^{x} - 1$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [e^{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 1]$ .

$2 (e^{x} - 1) (\frac{d}{d x} [e^{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 1])$

Step 3

Differentiate using the Exponential Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [a^{x}]$ is $a^{x} \ln (a)$ where $a$ = $e$ .

$2 (e^{x} - 1) (e^{x} + \frac{d}{d x} [- 1])$

Step 4

Differentiate using the Constant Rule.

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Step 4.1

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- 1$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$2 (e^{x} - 1) (e^{x} + 0)$

Step 4.2

Add $e^{x}$ and $0$ .

$2 (e^{x} - 1) e^{x}$

Step 5

Simplify.

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Step 5.1

Apply the distributive property.

$(2 e^{x} + 2 \cdot - 1) e^{x}$

Step 5.2

Apply the distributive property.

$2 e^{x} e^{x} + 2 \cdot - 1 e^{x}$

Step 5.3

Combine terms.

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Step 5.3.1

Multiply $e^{x}$ by $e^{x}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 5.3.1.1

Move $e^{x}$ .

$2 (e^{x} e^{x}) + 2 \cdot - 1 e^{x}$

Step 5.3.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$2 e^{x + x} + 2 \cdot - 1 e^{x}$

Step 5.3.1.3

Add $x$ and $x$ .

$2 e^{2 x} + 2 \cdot - 1 e^{x}$

Step 5.3.2

Multiply $2$ by $- 1$ .

$2 e^{2 x} - 2 e^{x}$