Calculus Examples

$\sqrt{x e^{x}}$

Step 1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{x e^{x}}$ as ${(x e^{x})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [{(x e^{x})}^{\frac{1}{2}}]$

Step 2

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $g (x) = x e^{x}$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u$ as $x e^{x}$ .

$\frac{d}{d u} [u^{\frac{1}{2}}] \frac{d}{d x} [x e^{x}]$

Step 2.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u} [u^{n}]$ is $n u^{n - 1}$ where $n = \frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{2} u^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [x e^{x}]$

Step 2.3

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $x e^{x}$ .

$\frac{1}{2} {(x e^{x})}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [x e^{x}]$

Step 3

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{2} {(x e^{x})}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x e^{x}]$

Step 4

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{2} {(x e^{x})}^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x e^{x}]$

Step 5

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{1}{2} {(x e^{x})}^{\frac{1 - 1 \cdot 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x e^{x}]$

Step 6

Simplify the numerator.

Tap for more steps...

Step 6.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{1}{2} {(x e^{x})}^{\frac{1 - 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x e^{x}]$

Step 6.2

Subtract $2$ from $1$ .

$\frac{1}{2} {(x e^{x})}^{\frac{- 1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x e^{x}]$

Step 7

Combine fractions.

Tap for more steps...

Step 7.1

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{1}{2} {(x e^{x})}^{- \frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x e^{x}]$

Step 7.2

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and ${(x e^{x})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{{(x e^{x})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2} \frac{d}{d x} [x e^{x}]$

Step 7.3

Move ${(x e^{x})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$\frac{1}{2 {(x e^{x})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d x} [x e^{x}]$

Step 8

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = x$ and $g (x) = e^{x}$ .

$\frac{1}{2 {(x e^{x})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (x \frac{d}{d x} [e^{x}] + e^{x} \frac{d}{d x} [x])$

Step 9

Differentiate using the Exponential Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [a^{x}]$ is $a^{x} \ln (a)$ where $a$ = $e$ .

$\frac{1}{2 {(x e^{x})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (x e^{x} + e^{x} \frac{d}{d x} [x])$

Step 10

Differentiate using the Power Rule.

Tap for more steps...

Step 10.1

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{1}{2 {(x e^{x})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (x e^{x} + e^{x} \cdot 1)$

Step 10.2

Multiply $e^{x}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{1}{2 {(x e^{x})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (x e^{x} + e^{x})$

Step 11

Simplify.

Tap for more steps...

Step 11.1

Apply the product rule to $x e^{x}$ .

$\frac{1}{2 (x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(e^{x})}^{\frac{1}{2}})} (x e^{x} + e^{x})$

Step 11.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{1}{2 (x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(e^{x})}^{\frac{1}{2}})} (x e^{x}) + \frac{1}{2 (x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(e^{x})}^{\frac{1}{2}})} e^{x}$

Step 11.3

Combine terms.

Tap for more steps...

Step 11.3.1

Multiply the exponents in ${(e^{x})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 11.3.1.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\frac{1}{2 (x^{\frac{1}{2}} e^{x \frac{1}{2}})} (x e^{x}) + \frac{1}{2 (x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(e^{x})}^{\frac{1}{2}})} e^{x}$

Step 11.3.1.2

Combine $x$ and $\frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{2 (x^{\frac{1}{2}} e^{\frac{x}{2}})} (x e^{x}) + \frac{1}{2 (x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(e^{x})}^{\frac{1}{2}})} e^{x}$

Step 11.3.2

Combine $x$ and $\frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} e^{\frac{x}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{x}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} e^{\frac{x}{2}}} e^{x} + \frac{1}{2 (x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(e^{x})}^{\frac{1}{2}})} e^{x}$

Step 11.3.3

Combine $\frac{x}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} e^{\frac{x}{2}}}$ and $e^{x}$ .

$\frac{x e^{x}}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} e^{\frac{x}{2}}} + \frac{1}{2 (x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(e^{x})}^{\frac{1}{2}})} e^{x}$

Step 11.3.4

Move $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ to the numerator using the negative exponent rule $\frac{1}{b^{n}} = b^{- n}$ .

$\frac{x e^{x} x^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2 e^{\frac{x}{2}}} + \frac{1}{2 (x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(e^{x})}^{\frac{1}{2}})} e^{x}$

Step 11.3.5

Multiply $x$ by $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ by adding the exponents.

Tap for more steps...

Step 11.3.5.1

Move $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{x^{- \frac{1}{2}} x e^{x}}{2 e^{\frac{x}{2}}} + \frac{1}{2 (x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(e^{x})}^{\frac{1}{2}})} e^{x}$

Step 11.3.5.2

Multiply $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ by $x$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 11.3.5.2.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{x^{- \frac{1}{2}} x^{1} e^{x}}{2 e^{\frac{x}{2}}} + \frac{1}{2 (x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(e^{x})}^{\frac{1}{2}})} e^{x}$

Step 11.3.5.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{x^{- \frac{1}{2} + 1} e^{x}}{2 e^{\frac{x}{2}}} + \frac{1}{2 (x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(e^{x})}^{\frac{1}{2}})} e^{x}$

Step 11.3.5.3

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$\frac{x^{- \frac{1}{2} + \frac{2}{2}} e^{x}}{2 e^{\frac{x}{2}}} + \frac{1}{2 (x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(e^{x})}^{\frac{1}{2}})} e^{x}$

Step 11.3.5.4

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{x^{\frac{- 1 + 2}{2}} e^{x}}{2 e^{\frac{x}{2}}} + \frac{1}{2 (x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(e^{x})}^{\frac{1}{2}})} e^{x}$

Step 11.3.5.5

Add $- 1$ and $2$ .

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} e^{x}}{2 e^{\frac{x}{2}}} + \frac{1}{2 (x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(e^{x})}^{\frac{1}{2}})} e^{x}$

Step 11.3.6

Factor $e^{\frac{x}{2}}$ out of $x^{\frac{1}{2}} e^{x}$ .

$\frac{e^{\frac{x}{2}} (x^{\frac{1}{2}} e^{\frac{x \cdot 2 - x}{2}})}{2 e^{\frac{x}{2}}} + \frac{1}{2 (x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(e^{x})}^{\frac{1}{2}})} e^{x}$

Step 11.3.7

Cancel the common factors.

Tap for more steps...

Step 11.3.7.1

Factor $e^{\frac{x}{2}}$ out of $2 e^{\frac{x}{2}}$ .

$\frac{e^{\frac{x}{2}} (x^{\frac{1}{2}} e^{\frac{x \cdot 2 - x}{2}})}{e^{\frac{x}{2}} \cdot 2} + \frac{1}{2 (x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(e^{x})}^{\frac{1}{2}})} e^{x}$

Step 11.3.7.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{e^{\frac{x}{2}} (x^{\frac{1}{2}} e^{\frac{x \cdot 2 - x}{2}})}{e^{\frac{x}{2}} \cdot 2} + \frac{1}{2 (x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(e^{x})}^{\frac{1}{2}})} e^{x}$

Step 11.3.7.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} e^{\frac{x \cdot 2 - x}{2}}}{2} + \frac{1}{2 (x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(e^{x})}^{\frac{1}{2}})} e^{x}$

Step 11.3.8

Move $2$ to the left of $x$ .

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} e^{\frac{2 \cdot x - x}{2}}}{2} + \frac{1}{2 (x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(e^{x})}^{\frac{1}{2}})} e^{x}$

Step 11.3.9

Subtract $x$ from $2 x$ .

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} e^{\frac{x}{2}}}{2} + \frac{1}{2 (x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(e^{x})}^{\frac{1}{2}})} e^{x}$

Step 11.3.10

Multiply the exponents in ${(e^{x})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 11.3.10.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} e^{\frac{x}{2}}}{2} + \frac{1}{2 (x^{\frac{1}{2}} e^{x \frac{1}{2}})} e^{x}$

Step 11.3.10.2

Combine $x$ and $\frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} e^{\frac{x}{2}}}{2} + \frac{1}{2 (x^{\frac{1}{2}} e^{\frac{x}{2}})} e^{x}$

Step 11.3.11

Combine $\frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} e^{\frac{x}{2}}}$ and $e^{x}$ .

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} e^{\frac{x}{2}}}{2} + \frac{e^{x}}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} e^{\frac{x}{2}}}$

Step 11.3.12

Factor $e^{\frac{x}{2}}$ out of $e^{x}$ .

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} e^{\frac{x}{2}}}{2} + \frac{e^{\frac{x}{2}} e^{\frac{x \cdot 2 - x}{2}}}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} e^{\frac{x}{2}}}$

Step 11.3.13

Cancel the common factors.

Tap for more steps...

Step 11.3.13.1

Factor $e^{\frac{x}{2}}$ out of $2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} e^{\frac{x}{2}}$ .

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} e^{\frac{x}{2}}}{2} + \frac{e^{\frac{x}{2}} e^{\frac{x \cdot 2 - x}{2}}}{e^{\frac{x}{2}} (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}})}$

Step 11.3.13.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} e^{\frac{x}{2}}}{2} + \frac{e^{\frac{x}{2}} e^{\frac{x \cdot 2 - x}{2}}}{e^{\frac{x}{2}} (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}})}$

Step 11.3.13.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} e^{\frac{x}{2}}}{2} + \frac{e^{\frac{x \cdot 2 - x}{2}}}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 11.3.14

Move $2$ to the left of $x$ .

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} e^{\frac{x}{2}}}{2} + \frac{e^{\frac{2 \cdot x - x}{2}}}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 11.3.15

Subtract $x$ from $2 x$ .

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} e^{\frac{x}{2}}}{2} + \frac{e^{\frac{x}{2}}}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$