Calculus Examples

$\sqrt{2 x - x^{2}}$

Step 1

Find the first derivative.

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Step 1.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{2 x - x^{2}}$ as ${(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$f' (x) = \frac{d}{d x} ({(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})$

Step 1.2

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $g (x) = 2 x - x^{2}$ .

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Step 1.2.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u$ as $2 x - x^{2}$ .

$f' (x) = \frac{d}{d u} (u^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} (2 x - x^{2})$

Step 1.2.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u} [u^{n}]$ is $n u^{n - 1}$ where $n = \frac{1}{2}$ .

$f' (x) = \frac{1}{2} u^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d x} (2 x - x^{2})$

Step 1.2.3

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $2 x - x^{2}$ .

$f' (x) = \frac{1}{2} \cdot {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d x} (2 x - x^{2})$

Step 1.3

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$f' (x) = \frac{1}{2} \cdot {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} (2 x - x^{2})$

Step 1.4

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$f' (x) = \frac{1}{2} \cdot {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} (2 x - x^{2})$

Step 1.5

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$f' (x) = \frac{1}{2} \cdot {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1 - 1 \cdot 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} (2 x - x^{2})$

Step 1.6

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 1.6.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$f' (x) = \frac{1}{2} \cdot {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1 - 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} (2 x - x^{2})$

Step 1.6.2

Subtract $2$ from $1$ .

$f' (x) = \frac{1}{2} \cdot {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{- 1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} (2 x - x^{2})$

Step 1.7

Combine fractions.

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Step 1.7.1

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$f' (x) = \frac{1}{2} \cdot {(2 x - x^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} (2 x - x^{2})$

Step 1.7.2

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and ${(2 x - x^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$f' (x) = \frac{{(2 x - x^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2} \cdot \frac{d}{d x} (2 x - x^{2})$

Step 1.7.3

Move ${(2 x - x^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$f' (x) = \frac{1}{2 {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot \frac{d}{d x} (2 x - x^{2})$

Step 1.8

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $2 x - x^{2}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [2 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- x^{2}]$ .

$f' (x) = \frac{1}{2 {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot (\frac{d}{d x} (2 x) + \frac{d}{d x} (- x^{2}))$

Step 1.9

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $2 x$ with respect to $x$ is $2 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$f' (x) = \frac{1}{2 {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot (2 \frac{d}{d x} (x) + \frac{d}{d x} (- x^{2}))$

Step 1.10

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$f' (x) = \frac{1}{2 {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot (2 \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d x} (- x^{2}))$

Step 1.11

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$f' (x) = \frac{1}{2 {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot (2 + \frac{d}{d x} (- x^{2}))$

Step 1.12

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- x^{2}$ with respect to $x$ is $- \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]$ .

$f' (x) = \frac{1}{2 {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot (2 - \frac{d}{d x} x^{2})$

Step 1.13

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$f' (x) = \frac{1}{2 {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot (2 - (2 x))$

Step 1.14

Multiply $2$ by $- 1$ .

$f' (x) = \frac{1}{2 {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot (2 - 2 x)$

Step 1.15

Simplify.

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Step 1.15.1

Reorder the factors of $\frac{1}{2 {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (2 - 2 x)$ .

$f' (x) = (2 - 2 x) (\frac{1}{2 {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})$

Step 1.15.2

Multiply $2 - 2 x$ by $\frac{1}{2 {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$f' (x) = \frac{2 - 2 x}{2 {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 1.15.3

Factor $2$ out of $2$ .

$f' (x) = \frac{2 \cdot 1 - 2 x}{2 {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 1.15.4

Factor $2$ out of $- 2 x$ .

$f' (x) = \frac{2 \cdot 1 + 2 (- x)}{2 {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 1.15.5

Factor $2$ out of $2 (1) + 2 (- x)$ .

$f' (x) = \frac{2 (1 - x)}{2 {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 1.15.6

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 1.15.6.1

Factor $2$ out of $2 {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$f' (x) = \frac{2 (1 - x)}{2 ({(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}$

Step 1.15.6.2

Cancel the common factor.

$f' (x) = \frac{2 (1 - x)}{2 {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 1.15.6.3

Rewrite the expression.

$f' (x) = \frac{1 - x}{{(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 2

Find the second derivative.

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Step 2.1

Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{f (x)}{g (x)}]$ is $\frac{g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)] - f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)]}{{g (x)}^{2}}$ where $f (x) = 1 - x$ and $g (x) = {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{{(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} (1 - x) - (1 - x) \frac{d}{d x} {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{({(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 2.2

Multiply the exponents in ${({(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}$ .

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Step 2.2.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{{(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} (1 - x) - (1 - x) \frac{d}{d x} {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2}}$

Step 2.2.2

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 2.2.2.1

Cancel the common factor.

$f'' (x) = \frac{{(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} (1 - x) - (1 - x) \frac{d}{d x} {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2}}$

Step 2.2.2.2

Rewrite the expression.

$f'' (x) = \frac{{(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} (1 - x) - (1 - x) \frac{d}{d x} {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2 x - x^{2}}$

Step 2.3

Simplify.

$f'' (x) = \frac{{(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} (1 - x) - (1 - x) \frac{d}{d x} {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2 x - x^{2}}$

Step 2.4

Differentiate.

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Step 2.4.1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $1 - x$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [1] + \frac{d}{d x} [- x]$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{{(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{d}{d x} (1) + \frac{d}{d x} (- x)) - (1 - x) \frac{d}{d x} {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2 x - x^{2}}$

Step 2.4.2

Since $1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $1$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{{(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} (0 + \frac{d}{d x} (- x)) - (1 - x) \frac{d}{d x} {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2 x - x^{2}}$

Step 2.4.3

Add $0$ and $\frac{d}{d x} [- x]$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{{(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} (- x) - (1 - x) \frac{d}{d x} {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2 x - x^{2}}$

Step 2.4.4

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- x$ with respect to $x$ is $- \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{{(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} (- \frac{d}{d x} x) - (1 - x) \frac{d}{d x} {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2 x - x^{2}}$

Step 2.4.5

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{{(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 1 \cdot 1) - (1 - x) \frac{d}{d x} {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2 x - x^{2}}$

Step 2.4.6

Simplify the expression.

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Step 2.4.6.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{{(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot - 1 - (1 - x) \frac{d}{d x} {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2 x - x^{2}}$

Step 2.4.6.2

Move $- 1$ to the left of ${(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 1 \cdot {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - (1 - x) \frac{d}{d x} {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2 x - x^{2}}$

Step 2.4.6.3

Rewrite $- 1 {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ as $- {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - (1 - x) \frac{d}{d x} {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2 x - x^{2}}$

Step 2.5

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $g (x) = 2 x - x^{2}$ .

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Step 2.5.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{1}$ as $2 x - x^{2}$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - (1 - x) (\frac{d}{d u (1)} ({u_{1}}^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} (2 x - x^{2}))}{2 x - x^{2}}$

Step 2.5.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [{u_{1}}^{n}]$ is $n {u_{1}}^{n - 1}$ where $n = \frac{1}{2}$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - (1 - x) (\frac{1}{2} {u_{1}}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d x} (2 x - x^{2}))}{2 x - x^{2}}$

Step 2.5.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{1}$ with $2 x - x^{2}$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - (1 - x) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d x} (2 x - x^{2}))}{2 x - x^{2}}$

Step 2.6

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - (1 - x) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} (2 x - x^{2}))}{2 x - x^{2}}$

Step 2.7

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - (1 - x) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} (2 x - x^{2}))}{2 x - x^{2}}$

Step 2.8

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$f'' (x) = \frac{- {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - (1 - x) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1 - 1 \cdot 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} (2 x - x^{2}))}{2 x - x^{2}}$

Step 2.9

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 2.9.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - (1 - x) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1 - 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} (2 x - x^{2}))}{2 x - x^{2}}$

Step 2.9.2

Subtract $2$ from $1$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - (1 - x) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{- 1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} (2 x - x^{2}))}{2 x - x^{2}}$

Step 2.10

Combine fractions.

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Step 2.10.1

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$f'' (x) = \frac{- {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - (1 - x) (\frac{1}{2} \cdot {(2 x - x^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} (2 x - x^{2}))}{2 x - x^{2}}$

Step 2.10.2

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and ${(2 x - x^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - (1 - x) (\frac{{(2 x - x^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2} \cdot \frac{d}{d x} (2 x - x^{2}))}{2 x - x^{2}}$

Step 2.10.3

Move ${(2 x - x^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - (1 - x) (\frac{1}{2 {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot \frac{d}{d x} (2 x - x^{2}))}{2 x - x^{2}}$

Step 2.11

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $2 x - x^{2}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [2 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- x^{2}]$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - (1 - x) (\frac{1}{2 {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot (\frac{d}{d x} (2 x) + \frac{d}{d x} (- x^{2})))}{2 x - x^{2}}$

Step 2.12

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $2 x$ with respect to $x$ is $2 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - (1 - x) (\frac{1}{2 {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot (2 \frac{d}{d x} (x) + \frac{d}{d x} (- x^{2})))}{2 x - x^{2}}$

Step 2.13

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - (1 - x) (\frac{1}{2 {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot (2 \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d x} (- x^{2})))}{2 x - x^{2}}$

Step 2.14

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - (1 - x) (\frac{1}{2 {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot (2 + \frac{d}{d x} (- x^{2})))}{2 x - x^{2}}$

Step 2.15

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- x^{2}$ with respect to $x$ is $- \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - (1 - x) (\frac{1}{2 {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot (2 - \frac{d}{d x} x^{2}))}{2 x - x^{2}}$

Step 2.16

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - (1 - x) (\frac{1}{2 {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot (2 - (2 x)))}{2 x - x^{2}}$

Step 2.17

Multiply $2$ by $- 1$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - (1 - x) (\frac{1}{2 {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot (2 - 2 x))}{2 x - x^{2}}$

Step 2.18

Simplify.

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Step 2.18.1

Apply the distributive property.

$f'' (x) = \frac{- {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} + (- 1 \cdot 1 + x) (\frac{1}{2 {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot (2 - 2 x))}{2 x - x^{2}}$

Step 2.18.2

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 2.18.2.1

Let $u_{2} = {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ . Substitute $u_{2}$ for all occurrences of ${(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- \frac{{u_{2}}^{2} + x^{2} - 2 x + 1}{u_{2}}}{2 x - x^{2}}$

Step 2.18.2.2

Replace all occurrences of $u_{2}$ with ${(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- \frac{{({(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2} + x^{2} - 2 x + 1}{{(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{2 x - x^{2}}$

Step 2.18.2.3

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 2.18.2.3.1

Multiply the exponents in ${({(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}$ .

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Step 2.18.2.3.1.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- \frac{{(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2} + x^{2} - 2 x + 1}{{(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{2 x - x^{2}}$

Step 2.18.2.3.1.2

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 2.18.2.3.1.2.1

Cancel the common factor.

$f'' (x) = \frac{- \frac{{(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2} + x^{2} - 2 x + 1}{{(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{2 x - x^{2}}$

Step 2.18.2.3.1.2.2

Rewrite the expression.

$f'' (x) = \frac{- \frac{(2 x - x^{2}) + x^{2} - 2 x + 1}{{(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{2 x - x^{2}}$

Step 2.18.2.3.2

Simplify.

$f'' (x) = \frac{- \frac{2 x - x^{2} + x^{2} - 2 x + 1}{{(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{2 x - x^{2}}$

Step 2.18.2.3.3

Subtract $2 x$ from $2 x$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- \frac{- x^{2} + x^{2} + 0 + 1}{{(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{2 x - x^{2}}$

Step 2.18.2.3.4

Add $- x^{2}$ and $x^{2}$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- \frac{0 + 0 + 1}{{(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{2 x - x^{2}}$

Step 2.18.2.3.5

Add $0$ and $0$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- \frac{0 + 1}{{(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{2 x - x^{2}}$

Step 2.18.2.3.6

Add $0$ and $1$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- \frac{1}{{(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{2 x - x^{2}}$

Step 2.18.3

Combine terms.

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Step 2.18.3.1

Rewrite $\frac{- \frac{1}{{(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{2 x - x^{2}}$ as a product.

$f'' (x) = - \frac{1}{{(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot \frac{1}{2 x - x^{2}}$

Step 2.18.3.2

Multiply $\frac{1}{2 x - x^{2}}$ by $\frac{1}{{(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$f'' (x) = - \frac{1}{(2 x - x^{2}) {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 2.18.3.3

Multiply $2 x - x^{2}$ by ${(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 2.18.3.3.1

Multiply $2 x - x^{2}$ by ${(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

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Step 2.18.3.3.1.1

Raise $2 x - x^{2}$ to the power of $1$ .

$f'' (x) = - \frac{1}{(2 x - x^{2}) {(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 2.18.3.3.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$f'' (x) = - \frac{1}{{(2 x - x^{2})}^{1 + \frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 2.18.3.3.2

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$f'' (x) = - \frac{1}{{(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{2}{2} + \frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 2.18.3.3.3

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$f'' (x) = - \frac{1}{{(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{2 + 1}{2}}}$

Step 2.18.3.3.4

Add $2$ and $1$ .

$f'' (x) = - \frac{1}{{(2 x - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$