Calculus Examples

Evaluate $\int (- 4 x^{- 3} - 20 x^{- 5}) d x$

Step 1

Remove parentheses.

$\int - 4 x^{- 3} - 20 x^{- 5} d x$

Step 2

Split the single integral into multiple integrals.

$\int - 4 x^{- 3} d x + \int - 20 x^{- 5} d x$

Step 3

Since $- 4$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $- 4$ out of the integral.

$- 4 \int x^{- 3} d x + \int - 20 x^{- 5} d x$

Step 4

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x^{- 3}$ with respect to $x$ is $- \frac{1}{2} x^{- 2}$ .

$- 4 (- \frac{1}{2} x^{- 2} + C) + \int - 20 x^{- 5} d x$

Step 5

Simplify.

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Step 5.1

Combine $x^{- 2}$ and $\frac{1}{2}$ .

$- 4 (- \frac{x^{- 2}}{2} + C) + \int - 20 x^{- 5} d x$

Step 5.2

Move $x^{- 2}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$- 4 (- \frac{1}{2 x^{2}} + C) + \int - 20 x^{- 5} d x$

Step 6

Since $- 20$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $- 20$ out of the integral.

$- 4 (- \frac{1}{2 x^{2}} + C) - 20 \int x^{- 5} d x$

Step 7

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x^{- 5}$ with respect to $x$ is $- \frac{1}{4} x^{- 4}$ .

$- 4 (- \frac{1}{2 x^{2}} + C) - 20 (- \frac{1}{4} x^{- 4} + C)$

Step 8

Simplify.

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Step 8.1

Simplify.

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Step 8.1.1

Combine $x^{- 4}$ and $\frac{1}{4}$ .

$- 4 (- \frac{1}{2 x^{2}} + C) - 20 (- \frac{x^{- 4}}{4} + C)$

Step 8.1.2

Move $x^{- 4}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$- 4 (- \frac{1}{2 x^{2}} + C) - 20 (- \frac{1}{4 x^{4}} + C)$

Step 8.2

Simplify.

$\frac{2}{x^{2}} - 20 (- \frac{1}{4 x^{4}}) + C$

Step 8.3

Simplify.

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Step 8.3.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 20$ .

$\frac{2}{x^{2}} + 20 \frac{1}{4 x^{4}} + C$

Step 8.3.2

Combine $20$ and $\frac{1}{4 x^{4}}$ .

$\frac{2}{x^{2}} + \frac{20}{4 x^{4}} + C$

Step 8.3.3

Cancel the common factor of $20$ and $4$ .

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Step 8.3.3.1

Factor $4$ out of $20$ .

$\frac{2}{x^{2}} + \frac{4 \cdot 5}{4 x^{4}} + C$

Step 8.3.3.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 8.3.3.2.1

Factor $4$ out of $4 x^{4}$ .

$\frac{2}{x^{2}} + \frac{4 \cdot 5}{4 (x^{4})} + C$

Step 8.3.3.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{2}{x^{2}} + \frac{4 \cdot 5}{4 x^{4}} + C$

Step 8.3.3.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{2}{x^{2}} + \frac{5}{x^{4}} + C$