Calculus Examples

$y = x^{2} {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{3}$

Step 1

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = x^{2}$ and $g (x) = {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{3}$ .

$x^{2} \frac{d}{d x} [{(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{3}] + {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{3} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]$

Step 2

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{3}$ and $g (x) = 2 x^{3} - 1$ .

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Step 2.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u$ as $2 x^{3} - 1$ .

$x^{2} (\frac{d}{d u} [u^{3}] \frac{d}{d x} [2 x^{3} - 1]) + {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{3} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]$

Step 2.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u} [u^{n}]$ is $n u^{n - 1}$ where $n = 3$ .

$x^{2} (3 u^{2} \frac{d}{d x} [2 x^{3} - 1]) + {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{3} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]$

Step 2.3

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $2 x^{3} - 1$ .

$x^{2} (3 {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{2} \frac{d}{d x} [2 x^{3} - 1]) + {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{3} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]$

Step 3

Differentiate.

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Step 3.1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $2 x^{3} - 1$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [2 x^{3}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 1]$ .

$x^{2} (3 {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{2} (\frac{d}{d x} [2 x^{3}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 1])) + {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{3} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]$

Step 3.2

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $2 x^{3}$ with respect to $x$ is $2 \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}]$ .

$x^{2} (3 {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{2} (2 \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 1])) + {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{3} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]$

Step 3.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 3$ .

$x^{2} (3 {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{2} (2 (3 x^{2}) + \frac{d}{d x} [- 1])) + {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{3} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]$

Step 3.4

Multiply $3$ by $2$ .

$x^{2} (3 {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{2} (6 x^{2} + \frac{d}{d x} [- 1])) + {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{3} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]$

Step 3.5

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- 1$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$x^{2} (3 {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{2} (6 x^{2} + 0)) + {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{3} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]$

Step 3.6

Simplify the expression.

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Step 3.6.1

Add $6 x^{2}$ and $0$ .

$x^{2} (3 {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{2} (6 x^{2})) + {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{3} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]$

Step 3.6.2

Multiply $6$ by $3$ .

$x^{2} (18 {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{2} x^{2}) + {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{3} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]$

Step 4

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 4.1

Move $x^{2}$ .

$x^{2} x^{2} (18 {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{2}) + {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{3} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]$

Step 4.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$x^{2 + 2} (18 {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{2}) + {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{3} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]$

Step 4.3

Add $2$ and $2$ .

$x^{4} (18 {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{2}) + {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{3} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]$

Step 5

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$x^{4} (18 {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{2}) + {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{3} (2 x)$

Step 6

Move $2$ to the left of ${(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{3}$ .

$x^{4} (18 {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{2}) + 2 \cdot {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{3} x$

Step 7

Simplify.

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Step 7.1

Factor $x \cdot 2 {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{2}$ out of $x^{4} (18 {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{2}) + 2 {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{3} x$ .

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Step 7.1.1

Factor $x \cdot 2 {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{2}$ out of $x^{4} (18 {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{2})$ .

$x \cdot 2 {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{2} (x^{3} \cdot (9)) + 2 {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{3} x$

Step 7.1.2

Factor $x \cdot 2 {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{2}$ out of $2 {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{3} x$ .

$x \cdot 2 {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{2} (x^{3} \cdot (9)) + x \cdot 2 {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{2} (2 x^{3} - 1)$

Step 7.1.3

Factor $x \cdot 2 {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{2}$ out of $x \cdot 2 {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{2} (x^{3} \cdot (9)) + x \cdot 2 {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{2} (2 x^{3} - 1)$ .

$x \cdot 2 {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{2} (x^{3} \cdot (9) + 2 x^{3} - 1)$

Step 7.2

Combine terms.

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Step 7.2.1

Move $2$ to the left of $x$ .

$2 \cdot x {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{2} (x^{3} \cdot (9) + 2 x^{3} - 1)$

Step 7.2.2

Move $9$ to the left of $x^{3}$ .

$2 x {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{2} (9 \cdot x^{3} + 2 x^{3} - 1)$

Step 7.2.3

Add $9 x^{3}$ and $2 x^{3}$ .

$2 x {(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{2} (11 x^{3} - 1)$

Step 7.3

Rewrite ${(2 x^{3} - 1)}^{2}$ as $(2 x^{3} - 1) (2 x^{3} - 1)$ .

$2 x ((2 x^{3} - 1) (2 x^{3} - 1)) (11 x^{3} - 1)$

Step 7.4

Expand $(2 x^{3} - 1) (2 x^{3} - 1)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 7.4.1

Apply the distributive property.

$2 x (2 x^{3} (2 x^{3} - 1) - 1 (2 x^{3} - 1)) (11 x^{3} - 1)$

Step 7.4.2

Apply the distributive property.

$2 x (2 x^{3} (2 x^{3}) + 2 x^{3} \cdot - 1 - 1 (2 x^{3} - 1)) (11 x^{3} - 1)$

Step 7.4.3

Apply the distributive property.

$2 x (2 x^{3} (2 x^{3}) + 2 x^{3} \cdot - 1 - 1 (2 x^{3}) - 1 \cdot - 1) (11 x^{3} - 1)$

Step 7.5

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 7.5.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 7.5.1.1

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$2 x (2 \cdot 2 x^{3} x^{3} + 2 x^{3} \cdot - 1 - 1 (2 x^{3}) - 1 \cdot - 1) (11 x^{3} - 1)$

Step 7.5.1.2

Multiply $x^{3}$ by $x^{3}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 7.5.1.2.1

Move $x^{3}$ .

$2 x (2 \cdot 2 (x^{3} x^{3}) + 2 x^{3} \cdot - 1 - 1 (2 x^{3}) - 1 \cdot - 1) (11 x^{3} - 1)$

Step 7.5.1.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$2 x (2 \cdot 2 x^{3 + 3} + 2 x^{3} \cdot - 1 - 1 (2 x^{3}) - 1 \cdot - 1) (11 x^{3} - 1)$

Step 7.5.1.2.3

Add $3$ and $3$ .

$2 x (2 \cdot 2 x^{6} + 2 x^{3} \cdot - 1 - 1 (2 x^{3}) - 1 \cdot - 1) (11 x^{3} - 1)$

Step 7.5.1.3

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$2 x (4 x^{6} + 2 x^{3} \cdot - 1 - 1 (2 x^{3}) - 1 \cdot - 1) (11 x^{3} - 1)$

Step 7.5.1.4

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$2 x (4 x^{6} - 2 x^{3} - 1 (2 x^{3}) - 1 \cdot - 1) (11 x^{3} - 1)$

Step 7.5.1.5

Multiply $2$ by $- 1$ .

$2 x (4 x^{6} - 2 x^{3} - 2 x^{3} - 1 \cdot - 1) (11 x^{3} - 1)$

Step 7.5.1.6

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1$ .

$2 x (4 x^{6} - 2 x^{3} - 2 x^{3} + 1) (11 x^{3} - 1)$

Step 7.5.2

Subtract $2 x^{3}$ from $- 2 x^{3}$ .

$2 x (4 x^{6} - 4 x^{3} + 1) (11 x^{3} - 1)$

Step 7.6

Apply the distributive property.

$(2 x (4 x^{6}) + 2 x (- 4 x^{3}) + 2 x \cdot 1) (11 x^{3} - 1)$

Step 7.7

Simplify.

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Step 7.7.1

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$(2 \cdot 4 x \cdot x^{6} + 2 x (- 4 x^{3}) + 2 x \cdot 1) (11 x^{3} - 1)$

Step 7.7.2

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$(2 \cdot 4 x \cdot x^{6} + 2 \cdot - 4 x \cdot x^{3} + 2 x \cdot 1) (11 x^{3} - 1)$

Step 7.7.3

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$(2 \cdot 4 x \cdot x^{6} + 2 \cdot - 4 x \cdot x^{3} + 2 x) (11 x^{3} - 1)$

Step 7.8

Simplify each term.

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Step 7.8.1

Multiply $x$ by $x^{6}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 7.8.1.1

Move $x^{6}$ .

$(2 \cdot 4 (x^{6} x) + 2 \cdot - 4 x \cdot x^{3} + 2 x) (11 x^{3} - 1)$

Step 7.8.1.2

Multiply $x^{6}$ by $x$ .

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Step 7.8.1.2.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$(2 \cdot 4 (x^{6} x^{1}) + 2 \cdot - 4 x \cdot x^{3} + 2 x) (11 x^{3} - 1)$

Step 7.8.1.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(2 \cdot 4 x^{6 + 1} + 2 \cdot - 4 x \cdot x^{3} + 2 x) (11 x^{3} - 1)$

Step 7.8.1.3

Add $6$ and $1$ .

$(2 \cdot 4 x^{7} + 2 \cdot - 4 x \cdot x^{3} + 2 x) (11 x^{3} - 1)$

Step 7.8.2

Multiply $2$ by $4$ .

$(8 x^{7} + 2 \cdot - 4 x \cdot x^{3} + 2 x) (11 x^{3} - 1)$

Step 7.8.3

Multiply $x$ by $x^{3}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 7.8.3.1

Move $x^{3}$ .

$(8 x^{7} + 2 \cdot - 4 (x^{3} x) + 2 x) (11 x^{3} - 1)$

Step 7.8.3.2

Multiply $x^{3}$ by $x$ .

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Step 7.8.3.2.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$(8 x^{7} + 2 \cdot - 4 (x^{3} x^{1}) + 2 x) (11 x^{3} - 1)$

Step 7.8.3.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(8 x^{7} + 2 \cdot - 4 x^{3 + 1} + 2 x) (11 x^{3} - 1)$

Step 7.8.3.3

Add $3$ and $1$ .

$(8 x^{7} + 2 \cdot - 4 x^{4} + 2 x) (11 x^{3} - 1)$

Step 7.8.4

Multiply $2$ by $- 4$ .

$(8 x^{7} - 8 x^{4} + 2 x) (11 x^{3} - 1)$

Step 7.9

Expand $(8 x^{7} - 8 x^{4} + 2 x) (11 x^{3} - 1)$ by multiplying each term in the first expression by each term in the second expression.

$8 x^{7} (11 x^{3}) + 8 x^{7} \cdot - 1 - 8 x^{4} (11 x^{3}) - 8 x^{4} \cdot - 1 + 2 x (11 x^{3}) + 2 x \cdot - 1$

Step 7.10

Simplify each term.

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Step 7.10.1

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$8 \cdot 11 x^{7} x^{3} + 8 x^{7} \cdot - 1 - 8 x^{4} (11 x^{3}) - 8 x^{4} \cdot - 1 + 2 x (11 x^{3}) + 2 x \cdot - 1$

Step 7.10.2

Multiply $x^{7}$ by $x^{3}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 7.10.2.1

Move $x^{3}$ .

$8 \cdot 11 (x^{3} x^{7}) + 8 x^{7} \cdot - 1 - 8 x^{4} (11 x^{3}) - 8 x^{4} \cdot - 1 + 2 x (11 x^{3}) + 2 x \cdot - 1$

Step 7.10.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$8 \cdot 11 x^{3 + 7} + 8 x^{7} \cdot - 1 - 8 x^{4} (11 x^{3}) - 8 x^{4} \cdot - 1 + 2 x (11 x^{3}) + 2 x \cdot - 1$

Step 7.10.2.3

Add $3$ and $7$ .

$8 \cdot 11 x^{10} + 8 x^{7} \cdot - 1 - 8 x^{4} (11 x^{3}) - 8 x^{4} \cdot - 1 + 2 x (11 x^{3}) + 2 x \cdot - 1$

Step 7.10.3

Multiply $8$ by $11$ .

$88 x^{10} + 8 x^{7} \cdot - 1 - 8 x^{4} (11 x^{3}) - 8 x^{4} \cdot - 1 + 2 x (11 x^{3}) + 2 x \cdot - 1$

Step 7.10.4

Multiply $- 1$ by $8$ .

$88 x^{10} - 8 x^{7} - 8 x^{4} (11 x^{3}) - 8 x^{4} \cdot - 1 + 2 x (11 x^{3}) + 2 x \cdot - 1$

Step 7.10.5

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$88 x^{10} - 8 x^{7} - 8 \cdot 11 x^{4} x^{3} - 8 x^{4} \cdot - 1 + 2 x (11 x^{3}) + 2 x \cdot - 1$

Step 7.10.6

Multiply $x^{4}$ by $x^{3}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 7.10.6.1

Move $x^{3}$ .

$88 x^{10} - 8 x^{7} - 8 \cdot 11 (x^{3} x^{4}) - 8 x^{4} \cdot - 1 + 2 x (11 x^{3}) + 2 x \cdot - 1$

Step 7.10.6.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$88 x^{10} - 8 x^{7} - 8 \cdot 11 x^{3 + 4} - 8 x^{4} \cdot - 1 + 2 x (11 x^{3}) + 2 x \cdot - 1$

Step 7.10.6.3

Add $3$ and $4$ .

$88 x^{10} - 8 x^{7} - 8 \cdot 11 x^{7} - 8 x^{4} \cdot - 1 + 2 x (11 x^{3}) + 2 x \cdot - 1$

Step 7.10.7

Multiply $- 8$ by $11$ .

$88 x^{10} - 8 x^{7} - 88 x^{7} - 8 x^{4} \cdot - 1 + 2 x (11 x^{3}) + 2 x \cdot - 1$

Step 7.10.8

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 8$ .

$88 x^{10} - 8 x^{7} - 88 x^{7} + 8 x^{4} + 2 x (11 x^{3}) + 2 x \cdot - 1$

Step 7.10.9

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$88 x^{10} - 8 x^{7} - 88 x^{7} + 8 x^{4} + 2 \cdot 11 x \cdot x^{3} + 2 x \cdot - 1$

Step 7.10.10

Multiply $x$ by $x^{3}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 7.10.10.1

Move $x^{3}$ .

$88 x^{10} - 8 x^{7} - 88 x^{7} + 8 x^{4} + 2 \cdot 11 (x^{3} x) + 2 x \cdot - 1$

Step 7.10.10.2

Multiply $x^{3}$ by $x$ .

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Step 7.10.10.2.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$88 x^{10} - 8 x^{7} - 88 x^{7} + 8 x^{4} + 2 \cdot 11 (x^{3} x^{1}) + 2 x \cdot - 1$

Step 7.10.10.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$88 x^{10} - 8 x^{7} - 88 x^{7} + 8 x^{4} + 2 \cdot 11 x^{3 + 1} + 2 x \cdot - 1$

Step 7.10.10.3

Add $3$ and $1$ .

$88 x^{10} - 8 x^{7} - 88 x^{7} + 8 x^{4} + 2 \cdot 11 x^{4} + 2 x \cdot - 1$

Step 7.10.11

Multiply $2$ by $11$ .

$88 x^{10} - 8 x^{7} - 88 x^{7} + 8 x^{4} + 22 x^{4} + 2 x \cdot - 1$

Step 7.10.12

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$88 x^{10} - 8 x^{7} - 88 x^{7} + 8 x^{4} + 22 x^{4} - 2 x$

Step 7.11

Subtract $88 x^{7}$ from $- 8 x^{7}$ .

$88 x^{10} - 96 x^{7} + 8 x^{4} + 22 x^{4} - 2 x$

Step 7.12

Add $8 x^{4}$ and $22 x^{4}$ .

$88 x^{10} - 96 x^{7} + 30 x^{4} - 2 x$