Calculus Examples

$\int \frac{(x + 1) (x - 2)}{\sqrt{x}} d x$

Step 1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{x}$ as $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\int \frac{(x + 1) (x - 2)}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} d x$

Step 2

Move $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ out of the denominator by raising it to the $- 1$ power.

$\int (x + 1) (x - 2) {(x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{- 1} d x$

Step 3

Multiply the exponents in ${(x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{- 1}$ .

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Step 3.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\int (x + 1) (x - 2) x^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot - 1} d x$

Step 3.2

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $- 1$ .

$\int (x + 1) (x - 2) x^{\frac{- 1}{2}} d x$

Step 3.3

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\int (x + 1) (x - 2) x^{- \frac{1}{2}} d x$

$\int (x + 1) (x - 2) x^{- \frac{1}{2}} d x$

Step 4

Expand $(x + 1) (x - 2) x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

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Step 4.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\int (x (x - 2) + 1 (x - 2)) x^{- \frac{1}{2}} d x$

Step 4.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\int (x \cdot x + x \cdot - 2 + 1 (x - 2)) x^{- \frac{1}{2}} d x$

Step 4.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\int (x \cdot x + x \cdot - 2 + 1 x + 1 \cdot - 2) x^{- \frac{1}{2}} d x$

Step 4.4

Apply the distributive property.

$\int (x \cdot x + x \cdot - 2) x^{- \frac{1}{2}} + (1 x + 1 \cdot - 2) x^{- \frac{1}{2}} d x$

Step 4.5

Apply the distributive property.

$\int x \cdot x \cdot x^{- \frac{1}{2}} + x \cdot - 2 x^{- \frac{1}{2}} + (1 x + 1 \cdot - 2) x^{- \frac{1}{2}} d x$

Step 4.6

Apply the distributive property.

$\int x \cdot x \cdot x^{- \frac{1}{2}} + x \cdot - 2 x^{- \frac{1}{2}} + 1 x \cdot x^{- \frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 2 x^{- \frac{1}{2}} d x$

Step 4.7

Reorder $x$ and $- 2$ .

$\int x \cdot x \cdot x^{- \frac{1}{2}} - 2 \cdot x \cdot x^{- \frac{1}{2}} + 1 x \cdot x^{- \frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 2 x^{- \frac{1}{2}} d x$

Step 4.8

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\int x^{1} x \cdot x^{- \frac{1}{2}} - 2 x \cdot x^{- \frac{1}{2}} + 1 x \cdot x^{- \frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 2 x^{- \frac{1}{2}} d x$

Step 4.9

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\int x^{1} x^{1} x^{- \frac{1}{2}} - 2 x \cdot x^{- \frac{1}{2}} + 1 x \cdot x^{- \frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 2 x^{- \frac{1}{2}} d x$

Step 4.10

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\int x^{1 + 1} x^{- \frac{1}{2}} - 2 x \cdot x^{- \frac{1}{2}} + 1 x \cdot x^{- \frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 2 x^{- \frac{1}{2}} d x$

Step 4.11

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\int x^{2} x^{- \frac{1}{2}} - 2 x \cdot x^{- \frac{1}{2}} + 1 x \cdot x^{- \frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 2 x^{- \frac{1}{2}} d x$

Step 4.12

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\int x^{2 - \frac{1}{2}} - 2 x \cdot x^{- \frac{1}{2}} + 1 x \cdot x^{- \frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 2 x^{- \frac{1}{2}} d x$

Step 4.13

To write $2$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\int x^{2 \cdot \frac{2}{2} - \frac{1}{2}} - 2 x \cdot x^{- \frac{1}{2}} + 1 x \cdot x^{- \frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 2 x^{- \frac{1}{2}} d x$

Step 4.14

Combine $2$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\int x^{\frac{2 \cdot 2}{2} - \frac{1}{2}} - 2 x \cdot x^{- \frac{1}{2}} + 1 x \cdot x^{- \frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 2 x^{- \frac{1}{2}} d x$

Step 4.15

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\int x^{\frac{2 \cdot 2 - 1}{2}} - 2 x \cdot x^{- \frac{1}{2}} + 1 x \cdot x^{- \frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 2 x^{- \frac{1}{2}} d x$

Step 4.16

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 4.16.1

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$\int x^{\frac{4 - 1}{2}} - 2 x \cdot x^{- \frac{1}{2}} + 1 x \cdot x^{- \frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 2 x^{- \frac{1}{2}} d x$

Step 4.16.2

Subtract $1$ from $4$ .

$\int x^{\frac{3}{2}} - 2 x \cdot x^{- \frac{1}{2}} + 1 x \cdot x^{- \frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 2 x^{- \frac{1}{2}} d x$

$\int x^{\frac{3}{2}} - 2 x \cdot x^{- \frac{1}{2}} + 1 x \cdot x^{- \frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 2 x^{- \frac{1}{2}} d x$

Step 4.17

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\int x^{\frac{3}{2}} - 2 (x^{1} x^{- \frac{1}{2}}) + 1 x \cdot x^{- \frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 2 x^{- \frac{1}{2}} d x$

Step 4.18

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\int x^{\frac{3}{2}} - 2 x^{1 - \frac{1}{2}} + 1 x \cdot x^{- \frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 2 x^{- \frac{1}{2}} d x$

Step 4.19

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$\int x^{\frac{3}{2}} - 2 x^{\frac{2}{2} - \frac{1}{2}} + 1 x \cdot x^{- \frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 2 x^{- \frac{1}{2}} d x$

Step 4.20

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\int x^{\frac{3}{2}} - 2 x^{\frac{2 - 1}{2}} + 1 x \cdot x^{- \frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 2 x^{- \frac{1}{2}} d x$

Step 4.21

Subtract $1$ from $2$ .

$\int x^{\frac{3}{2}} - 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1 x \cdot x^{- \frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 2 x^{- \frac{1}{2}} d x$

Step 4.22

Multiply $x$ by $1$ .

$\int x^{\frac{3}{2}} - 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x \cdot x^{- \frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 2 x^{- \frac{1}{2}} d x$

Step 4.23

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\int x^{\frac{3}{2}} - 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x^{1} x^{- \frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 2 x^{- \frac{1}{2}} d x$

Step 4.24

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\int x^{\frac{3}{2}} - 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x^{1 - \frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 2 x^{- \frac{1}{2}} d x$

Step 4.25

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$\int x^{\frac{3}{2}} - 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x^{\frac{2}{2} - \frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 2 x^{- \frac{1}{2}} d x$

Step 4.26

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\int x^{\frac{3}{2}} - 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x^{\frac{2 - 1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 2 x^{- \frac{1}{2}} d x$

Step 4.27

Subtract $1$ from $2$ .

$\int x^{\frac{3}{2}} - 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 2 x^{- \frac{1}{2}} d x$

Step 4.28

Multiply $- 2$ by $1$ .

$\int x^{\frac{3}{2}} - 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 2 x^{- \frac{1}{2}} d x$

Step 4.29

Add $- 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\int x^{\frac{3}{2}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 2 x^{- \frac{1}{2}} d x$

$\int x^{\frac{3}{2}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 2 x^{- \frac{1}{2}} d x$

Step 5

Split the single integral into multiple integrals.

$\int x^{\frac{3}{2}} d x + \int - x^{\frac{1}{2}} d x + \int - 2 x^{- \frac{1}{2}} d x$

Step 6

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x^{\frac{3}{2}}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{2}{5} x^{\frac{5}{2}}$ .

$\frac{2}{5} x^{\frac{5}{2}} + C + \int - x^{\frac{1}{2}} d x + \int - 2 x^{- \frac{1}{2}} d x$

Step 7

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $- 1$ out of the integral.

$\frac{2}{5} x^{\frac{5}{2}} + C - \int x^{\frac{1}{2}} d x + \int - 2 x^{- \frac{1}{2}} d x$

Step 8

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{2}{3} x^{\frac{3}{2}}$ .

$\frac{2}{5} x^{\frac{5}{2}} + C - (\frac{2}{3} x^{\frac{3}{2}} + C) + \int - 2 x^{- \frac{1}{2}} d x$

Step 9

Since $- 2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $- 2$ out of the integral.

$\frac{2}{5} x^{\frac{5}{2}} + C - (\frac{2}{3} x^{\frac{3}{2}} + C) - 2 \int x^{- \frac{1}{2}} d x$

Step 10

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ with respect to $x$ is $2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{2}{5} x^{\frac{5}{2}} + C - (\frac{2}{3} x^{\frac{3}{2}} + C) - 2 (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + C)$

Step 11

Simplify.

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Step 11.1

Simplify.

$\frac{2}{5} x^{\frac{5}{2}} - \frac{2}{3} x^{\frac{3}{2}} - 2 \cdot 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + C$

Step 11.2

Multiply $- 2$ by $2$ .

$\frac{2}{5} x^{\frac{5}{2}} - \frac{2}{3} x^{\frac{3}{2}} - 4 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + C$

$\frac{2}{5} x^{\frac{5}{2}} - \frac{2}{3} x^{\frac{3}{2}} - 4 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + C$

$[\begin{array}{c} x^{2} & \frac{1}{2} \\ \sqrt{π} & \int x d x \end{array}]$