Calculus Examples

$y = \arctan (\frac{x}{6}) + \frac{3 x - 7}{6 (x^{2} + 3)}$

Step 1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $\arctan (\frac{x}{6}) + \frac{3 x - 7}{6 (x^{2} + 3)}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [\arctan (\frac{x}{6})] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{3 x - 7}{6 (x^{2} + 3)}]$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [\arctan (\frac{x}{6})] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{3 x - 7}{6 (x^{2} + 3)}]$

Step 2

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d x} [\arctan (\frac{x}{6})]$ .

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Step 2.1

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \arctan (x)$ and $g (x) = \frac{x}{6}$ .

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Step 2.1.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u$ as $\frac{x}{6}$ .

$\frac{d}{d u} [\arctan (u)] \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{6}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{3 x - 7}{6 (x^{2} + 3)}]$

Step 2.1.2

The derivative of $\arctan (u)$ with respect to $u$ is $\frac{1}{1 + u^{2}}$ .

$\frac{1}{1 + u^{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{6}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{3 x - 7}{6 (x^{2} + 3)}]$

Step 2.1.3

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $\frac{x}{6}$ .

$\frac{1}{1 + {(\frac{x}{6})}^{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{6}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{3 x - 7}{6 (x^{2} + 3)}]$

Step 2.2

Since $\frac{1}{6}$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $\frac{x}{6}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{6} \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$\frac{1}{1 + {(\frac{x}{6})}^{2}} (\frac{1}{6} \frac{d}{d x} [x]) + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{3 x - 7}{6 (x^{2} + 3)}]$

Step 2.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{1}{1 + {(\frac{x}{6})}^{2}} (\frac{1}{6} \cdot 1) + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{3 x - 7}{6 (x^{2} + 3)}]$

Step 2.4

Multiply $\frac{1}{6}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{1}{1 + {(\frac{x}{6})}^{2}} \cdot \frac{1}{6} + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{3 x - 7}{6 (x^{2} + 3)}]$

Step 2.5

Multiply $\frac{1}{1 + {(\frac{x}{6})}^{2}}$ by $\frac{1}{6}$ .

$\frac{1}{(1 + {(\frac{x}{6})}^{2}) \cdot 6} + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{3 x - 7}{6 (x^{2} + 3)}]$

Step 2.6

Move $6$ to the left of $1 + {(\frac{x}{6})}^{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{6 (1 + {(\frac{x}{6})}^{2})} + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{3 x - 7}{6 (x^{2} + 3)}]$

Step 3

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{3 x - 7}{6 (x^{2} + 3)}]$ .

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Step 3.1

Since $\frac{1}{6}$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $\frac{3 x - 7}{6 (x^{2} + 3)}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{6} \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{3 x - 7}{x^{2} + 3}]$ .

$\frac{1}{6 (1 + {(\frac{x}{6})}^{2})} + \frac{1}{6} \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{3 x - 7}{x^{2} + 3}]$

Step 3.2

Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{f (x)}{g (x)}]$ is $\frac{g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)] - f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)]}{{g (x)}^{2}}$ where $f (x) = 3 x - 7$ and $g (x) = x^{2} + 3$ .

$\frac{1}{6 (1 + {(\frac{x}{6})}^{2})} + \frac{1}{6} \cdot \frac{(x^{2} + 3) \frac{d}{d x} [3 x - 7] - (3 x - 7) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} + 3]}{{(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 3.3

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $3 x - 7$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [3 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 7]$ .

$\frac{1}{6 (1 + {(\frac{x}{6})}^{2})} + \frac{1}{6} \cdot \frac{(x^{2} + 3) (\frac{d}{d x} [3 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 7]) - (3 x - 7) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} + 3]}{{(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 3.4

Since $3$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $3 x$ with respect to $x$ is $3 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$\frac{1}{6 (1 + {(\frac{x}{6})}^{2})} + \frac{1}{6} \cdot \frac{(x^{2} + 3) (3 \frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 7]) - (3 x - 7) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} + 3]}{{(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 3.5

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{1}{6 (1 + {(\frac{x}{6})}^{2})} + \frac{1}{6} \cdot \frac{(x^{2} + 3) (3 \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d x} [- 7]) - (3 x - 7) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} + 3]}{{(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 3.6

Since $- 7$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- 7$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$\frac{1}{6 (1 + {(\frac{x}{6})}^{2})} + \frac{1}{6} \cdot \frac{(x^{2} + 3) (3 \cdot 1 + 0) - (3 x - 7) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} + 3]}{{(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 3.7

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $x^{2} + 3$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}] + \frac{d}{d x} [3]$ .

$\frac{1}{6 (1 + {(\frac{x}{6})}^{2})} + \frac{1}{6} \cdot \frac{(x^{2} + 3) (3 \cdot 1 + 0) - (3 x - 7) (\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}] + \frac{d}{d x} [3])}{{(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 3.8

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$\frac{1}{6 (1 + {(\frac{x}{6})}^{2})} + \frac{1}{6} \cdot \frac{(x^{2} + 3) (3 \cdot 1 + 0) - (3 x - 7) (2 x + \frac{d}{d x} [3])}{{(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 3.9

Since $3$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $3$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$\frac{1}{6 (1 + {(\frac{x}{6})}^{2})} + \frac{1}{6} \cdot \frac{(x^{2} + 3) (3 \cdot 1 + 0) - (3 x - 7) (2 x + 0)}{{(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 3.10

Multiply $3$ by $1$ .

$\frac{1}{6 (1 + {(\frac{x}{6})}^{2})} + \frac{1}{6} \cdot \frac{(x^{2} + 3) (3 + 0) - (3 x - 7) (2 x + 0)}{{(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 3.11

Add $3$ and $0$ .

$\frac{1}{6 (1 + {(\frac{x}{6})}^{2})} + \frac{1}{6} \cdot \frac{(x^{2} + 3) \cdot 3 - (3 x - 7) (2 x + 0)}{{(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 3.12

Move $3$ to the left of $x^{2} + 3$ .

$\frac{1}{6 (1 + {(\frac{x}{6})}^{2})} + \frac{1}{6} \cdot \frac{3 \cdot (x^{2} + 3) - (3 x - 7) (2 x + 0)}{{(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 3.13

Add $2 x$ and $0$ .

$\frac{1}{6 (1 + {(\frac{x}{6})}^{2})} + \frac{1}{6} \cdot \frac{3 (x^{2} + 3) - (3 x - 7) (2 x)}{{(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 3.14

Multiply $2$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{1}{6 (1 + {(\frac{x}{6})}^{2})} + \frac{1}{6} \cdot \frac{3 (x^{2} + 3) - 2 (3 x - 7) x}{{(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 3.15

Multiply $\frac{1}{6}$ by $\frac{3 (x^{2} + 3) - 2 (3 x - 7) x}{{(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}$ .

$\frac{1}{6 (1 + {(\frac{x}{6})}^{2})} + \frac{3 (x^{2} + 3) - 2 (3 x - 7) x}{6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 4

Simplify.

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Step 4.1

Apply the product rule to $\frac{x}{6}$ .

$\frac{1}{6 (1 + \frac{x^{2}}{6^{2}})} + \frac{3 (x^{2} + 3) - 2 (3 x - 7) x}{6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 4.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{1}{6 \cdot 1 + 6 \frac{x^{2}}{6^{2}}} + \frac{3 (x^{2} + 3) - 2 (3 x - 7) x}{6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 4.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{1}{6 \cdot 1 + 6 \frac{x^{2}}{6^{2}}} + \frac{3 x^{2} + 3 \cdot 3 - 2 (3 x - 7) x}{6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 4.4

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{1}{6 \cdot 1 + 6 \frac{x^{2}}{6^{2}}} + \frac{3 x^{2} + 3 \cdot 3 + (- 2 (3 x) - 2 \cdot - 7) x}{6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 4.5

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{1}{6 \cdot 1 + 6 \frac{x^{2}}{6^{2}}} + \frac{3 x^{2} + 3 \cdot 3 - 2 (3 x) x - 2 \cdot - 7 x}{6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 4.6

Combine terms.

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Step 4.6.1

Multiply $6$ by $1$ .

$\frac{1}{6 + 6 \frac{x^{2}}{6^{2}}} + \frac{3 x^{2} + 3 \cdot 3 - 2 (3 x) x - 2 \cdot - 7 x}{6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 4.6.2

Raise $6$ to the power of $2$ .

$\frac{1}{6 + 6 \frac{x^{2}}{36}} + \frac{3 x^{2} + 3 \cdot 3 - 2 (3 x) x - 2 \cdot - 7 x}{6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 4.6.3

Combine $6$ and $\frac{x^{2}}{36}$ .

$\frac{1}{6 + \frac{6 x^{2}}{36}} + \frac{3 x^{2} + 3 \cdot 3 - 2 (3 x) x - 2 \cdot - 7 x}{6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 4.6.4

Cancel the common factor of $6$ and $36$ .

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Step 4.6.4.1

Factor $6$ out of $6 x^{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{6 + \frac{6 (x^{2})}{36}} + \frac{3 x^{2} + 3 \cdot 3 - 2 (3 x) x - 2 \cdot - 7 x}{6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 4.6.4.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 4.6.4.2.1

Factor $6$ out of $36$ .

$\frac{1}{6 + \frac{6 x^{2}}{6 \cdot 6}} + \frac{3 x^{2} + 3 \cdot 3 - 2 (3 x) x - 2 \cdot - 7 x}{6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 4.6.4.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{1}{6 + \frac{6 x^{2}}{6 \cdot 6}} + \frac{3 x^{2} + 3 \cdot 3 - 2 (3 x) x - 2 \cdot - 7 x}{6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 4.6.4.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{1}{6 + \frac{x^{2}}{6}} + \frac{3 x^{2} + 3 \cdot 3 - 2 (3 x) x - 2 \cdot - 7 x}{6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 4.6.5

Multiply $3$ by $3$ .

$\frac{1}{6 + \frac{x^{2}}{6}} + \frac{3 x^{2} + 9 - 2 (3 x) x - 2 \cdot - 7 x}{6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 4.6.6

Multiply $3$ by $- 2$ .

$\frac{1}{6 + \frac{x^{2}}{6}} + \frac{3 x^{2} + 9 - 6 x \cdot x - 2 \cdot - 7 x}{6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 4.6.7

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{1}{6 + \frac{x^{2}}{6}} + \frac{3 x^{2} + 9 - 6 (x^{1} x) - 2 \cdot - 7 x}{6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 4.6.8

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{1}{6 + \frac{x^{2}}{6}} + \frac{3 x^{2} + 9 - 6 (x^{1} x^{1}) - 2 \cdot - 7 x}{6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 4.6.9

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{1}{6 + \frac{x^{2}}{6}} + \frac{3 x^{2} + 9 - 6 x^{1 + 1} - 2 \cdot - 7 x}{6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 4.6.10

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{1}{6 + \frac{x^{2}}{6}} + \frac{3 x^{2} + 9 - 6 x^{2} - 2 \cdot - 7 x}{6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 4.6.11

Multiply $- 2$ by $- 7$ .

$\frac{1}{6 + \frac{x^{2}}{6}} + \frac{3 x^{2} + 9 - 6 x^{2} + 14 x}{6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 4.6.12

Subtract $6 x^{2}$ from $3 x^{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{6 + \frac{x^{2}}{6}} + \frac{- 3 x^{2} + 9 + 14 x}{6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 4.6.13

To write $\frac{1}{6 + \frac{x^{2}}{6}}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}{6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}$ .

$\frac{1}{6 + \frac{x^{2}}{6}} \cdot \frac{6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}{6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}} + \frac{- 3 x^{2} + 9 + 14 x}{6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}$

Step 4.6.14

To write $\frac{- 3 x^{2} + 9 + 14 x}{6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{6 + \frac{x^{2}}{6}}{6 + \frac{x^{2}}{6}}$ .

$\frac{1}{6 + \frac{x^{2}}{6}} \cdot \frac{6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}{6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}} + \frac{- 3 x^{2} + 9 + 14 x}{6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{6 + \frac{x^{2}}{6}}{6 + \frac{x^{2}}{6}}$

Step 4.6.15

Write each expression with a common denominator of $(6 + \frac{x^{2}}{6}) \cdot 6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}$ , by multiplying each by an appropriate factor of $1$ .

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Step 4.6.15.1

Multiply $\frac{1}{6 + \frac{x^{2}}{6}}$ by $\frac{6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}{6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}$ .

$\frac{6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}{(6 + \frac{x^{2}}{6}) (6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2})} + \frac{- 3 x^{2} + 9 + 14 x}{6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{6 + \frac{x^{2}}{6}}{6 + \frac{x^{2}}{6}}$

Step 4.6.15.2

Multiply $\frac{- 3 x^{2} + 9 + 14 x}{6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}$ by $\frac{6 + \frac{x^{2}}{6}}{6 + \frac{x^{2}}{6}}$ .

$\frac{6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}{(6 + \frac{x^{2}}{6}) (6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2})} + \frac{(- 3 x^{2} + 9 + 14 x) (6 + \frac{x^{2}}{6})}{6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2} (6 + \frac{x^{2}}{6})}$

Step 4.6.15.3

Reorder the factors of $(6 + \frac{x^{2}}{6}) (6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2})$ .

$\frac{6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2}}{6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2} (6 + \frac{x^{2}}{6})} + \frac{(- 3 x^{2} + 9 + 14 x) (6 + \frac{x^{2}}{6})}{6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2} (6 + \frac{x^{2}}{6})}$

Step 4.6.16

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2} + (- 3 x^{2} + 9 + 14 x) (6 + \frac{x^{2}}{6})}{6 {(x^{2} + 3)}^{2} (6 + \frac{x^{2}}{6})}$