Calculus Examples

$y = \sqrt{\sqrt{3 x} + 8}$

Step 1

Rewrite the right side with rational exponents.

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Step 1.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{3 x}$ as ${(3 x)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$y = \sqrt{{(3 x)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8}$

Step 1.2

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{{(3 x)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8}$ as ${({(3 x)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$y = {({(3 x)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$

Step 2

Differentiate both sides of the equation.

$\frac{d}{d x} (y) = \frac{d}{d x} ({({(3 x)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8)}^{\frac{1}{2}})$

Step 3

The derivative of $y$ with respect to $x$ is $y'$ .

$y'$

Step 4

Differentiate the right side of the equation.

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Step 4.1

Simplify with factoring out.

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Step 4.1.1

Factor $3$ out of $3 x$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [{({(3 (x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8)}^{\frac{1}{2}}]$

Step 4.1.2

Apply the product rule to $3 (x)$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [{(3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8)}^{\frac{1}{2}}]$

Step 4.2

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $g (x) = 3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8$ .

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Step 4.2.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u$ as $3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8$ .

$\frac{d}{d u} [u^{\frac{1}{2}}] \frac{d}{d x} [3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8]$

Step 4.2.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u} [u^{n}]$ is $n u^{n - 1}$ where $n = \frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{2} u^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8]$

Step 4.2.3

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8$ .

$\frac{1}{2} {(3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8)}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8]$

Step 4.3

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{2} {(3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8)}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8]$

Step 4.4

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{2} {(3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8)}^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8]$

Step 4.5

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{1}{2} {(3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8)}^{\frac{1 - 1 \cdot 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8]$

Step 4.6

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 4.6.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{1}{2} {(3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8)}^{\frac{1 - 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8]$

Step 4.6.2

Subtract $2$ from $1$ .

$\frac{1}{2} {(3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8)}^{\frac{- 1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8]$

Step 4.7

Combine fractions.

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Step 4.7.1

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{1}{2} {(3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8)}^{- \frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8]$

Step 4.7.2

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and ${(3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8)}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{{(3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8)}^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2} \frac{d}{d x} [3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8]$

Step 4.7.3

Move ${(3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8)}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$\frac{1}{2 {(3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d x} [3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8]$

Step 4.8

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [8]$ .

$\frac{1}{2 {(3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (\frac{d}{d x} [3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [8])$

Step 4.9

Since $3^{\frac{1}{2}}$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ with respect to $x$ is $3^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}]$ .

$\frac{1}{2 {(3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (3^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [8])$

Step 4.10

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = \frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{2 {(3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (3^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2} - 1}) + \frac{d}{d x} [8])$

Step 4.11

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{2 {(3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (3^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2}}) + \frac{d}{d x} [8])$

Step 4.12

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{2 {(3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (3^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2}}) + \frac{d}{d x} [8])$

Step 4.13

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{1}{2 {(3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (3^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1 - 1 \cdot 2}{2}}) + \frac{d}{d x} [8])$

Step 4.14

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 4.14.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{1}{2 {(3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (3^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1 - 2}{2}}) + \frac{d}{d x} [8])$

Step 4.14.2

Subtract $2$ from $1$ .

$\frac{1}{2 {(3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (3^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{- 1}{2}}) + \frac{d}{d x} [8])$

Step 4.15

Combine fractions.

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Step 4.15.1

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{1}{2 {(3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (3^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{1}{2} x^{- \frac{1}{2}}) + \frac{d}{d x} [8])$

Step 4.15.2

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{1}{2 {(3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (3^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{x^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{d}{d x} [8])$

Step 4.15.3

Combine $3^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $\frac{x^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{2 {(3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (\frac{3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{d}{d x} [8])$

Step 4.15.4

Move $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$\frac{1}{2 {(3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (\frac{3^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{d}{d x} [8])$

Step 4.16

Since $8$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $8$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$\frac{1}{2 {(3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (\frac{3^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + 0)$

Step 4.17

Combine fractions.

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Step 4.17.1

Add $\frac{3^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ and $0$ .

$\frac{1}{2 {(3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot \frac{3^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 4.17.2

Multiply $\frac{1}{2 {(3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ by $\frac{3^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{3^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2 {(3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8)}^{\frac{1}{2}} (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}})}$

Step 4.17.3

Simplify the expression.

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Step 4.17.3.1

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$\frac{3^{\frac{1}{2}}}{4 {(3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 4.17.3.2

Reorder terms.

$\frac{3^{\frac{1}{2}}}{4 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 5

Reform the equation by setting the left side equal to the right side.

$y' = \frac{3^{\frac{1}{2}}}{4 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 6

Replace $y'$ with $\frac{d y}{d x}$ .

$\frac{d y}{d x} = \frac{3^{\frac{1}{2}}}{4 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(3^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 8)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$