Calculus Examples

$\int 2 x (4 x + 5) (2 x + 1) d x$

Step 1

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $2$ out of the integral.

$2 \int (x (4 x + 5)) (2 x + 1) d x$

Step 2

Let $u = 2 x + 1$ . Then $d u = 2 d x$ , so $\frac{1}{2} d u = d x$ . Rewrite using $u$ and $d$ $u$ .

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Step 2.1

Let $u = 2 x + 1$ . Find $\frac{d u}{d x}$ .

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Step 2.1.1

Differentiate $2 x + 1$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [2 x + 1]$

Step 2.1.2

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $2 x + 1$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [2 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [1]$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [2 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [1]$

Step 2.1.3

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d x} [2 x]$ .

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Step 2.1.3.1

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $2 x$ with respect to $x$ is $2 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$2 \frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [1]$

Step 2.1.3.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$2 \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d x} [1]$

Step 2.1.3.3

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$2 + \frac{d}{d x} [1]$

$2 + \frac{d}{d x} [1]$

Step 2.1.4

Differentiate using the Constant Rule.

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Step 2.1.4.1

Since $1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $1$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$2 + 0$

Step 2.1.4.2

Add $2$ and $0$ .

$2$

$2$

$2$

Step 2.2

Rewrite the problem using $u$ and $d u$ .

$2 \int (\frac{u}{2} - \frac{1}{2}) (4 (\frac{u}{2} - \frac{1}{2}) + 5) u \frac{1}{2} d u$

$2 \int (\frac{u}{2} - \frac{1}{2}) (4 (\frac{u}{2} - \frac{1}{2}) + 5) u \frac{1}{2} d u$

Step 3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $u$ .

$2 \int (\frac{u}{2} - \frac{1}{2}) (4 (\frac{u}{2} - \frac{1}{2}) + 5) \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4

Simplify.

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Step 4.1

Apply the distributive property.

$2 \int (\frac{u}{2} - \frac{1}{2}) (4 \frac{u}{2} + 4 (- \frac{1}{2}) + 5) \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.2

Apply the distributive property.

$2 \int (\frac{u}{2} (4 \frac{u}{2} + 4 (- \frac{1}{2}) + 5) - \frac{1}{2} (4 \frac{u}{2} + 4 (- \frac{1}{2}) + 5)) \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.3

Apply the distributive property.

$2 \int (\frac{u}{2} (4 \frac{u}{2} + 4 (- \frac{1}{2})) + \frac{u}{2} \cdot 5 - \frac{1}{2} (4 \frac{u}{2} + 4 (- \frac{1}{2}) + 5)) \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.4

Apply the distributive property.

$2 \int (\frac{u}{2} (4 \frac{u}{2}) + \frac{u}{2} (4 (- \frac{1}{2})) + \frac{u}{2} \cdot 5 - \frac{1}{2} (4 \frac{u}{2} + 4 (- \frac{1}{2}) + 5)) \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.5

Apply the distributive property.

$2 \int (\frac{u}{2} (4 \frac{u}{2}) + \frac{u}{2} (4 (- \frac{1}{2})) + \frac{u}{2} \cdot 5 - \frac{1}{2} (4 \frac{u}{2} + 4 (- \frac{1}{2})) - \frac{1}{2} \cdot 5) \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.6

Apply the distributive property.

$2 \int (\frac{u}{2} (4 \frac{u}{2}) + \frac{u}{2} (4 (- \frac{1}{2})) + \frac{u}{2} \cdot 5 - \frac{1}{2} (4 \frac{u}{2}) - \frac{1}{2} (4 (- \frac{1}{2})) - \frac{1}{2} \cdot 5) \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.7

Apply the distributive property.

$2 \int (\frac{u}{2} (4 \frac{u}{2}) + \frac{u}{2} (4 (- \frac{1}{2})) + \frac{u}{2} \cdot 5) \frac{u}{2} + (- \frac{1}{2} (4 \frac{u}{2}) - \frac{1}{2} (4 (- \frac{1}{2})) - \frac{1}{2} \cdot 5) \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.8

Apply the distributive property.

$2 \int (\frac{u}{2} (4 \frac{u}{2}) + \frac{u}{2} (4 (- \frac{1}{2}))) \frac{u}{2} + \frac{u}{2} \cdot 5 \frac{u}{2} + (- \frac{1}{2} (4 \frac{u}{2}) - \frac{1}{2} (4 (- \frac{1}{2})) - \frac{1}{2} \cdot 5) \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.9

Apply the distributive property.

$2 \int \frac{u}{2} (4 \frac{u}{2}) \frac{u}{2} + \frac{u}{2} (4 (- \frac{1}{2})) \frac{u}{2} + \frac{u}{2} \cdot 5 \frac{u}{2} + (- \frac{1}{2} (4 \frac{u}{2}) - \frac{1}{2} (4 (- \frac{1}{2})) - \frac{1}{2} \cdot 5) \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.10

Apply the distributive property.

$2 \int \frac{u}{2} (4 \frac{u}{2}) \frac{u}{2} + \frac{u}{2} (4 (- \frac{1}{2})) \frac{u}{2} + \frac{u}{2} \cdot 5 \frac{u}{2} + (- \frac{1}{2} (4 \frac{u}{2}) - \frac{1}{2} (4 (- \frac{1}{2}))) \frac{u}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot 5 \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.11

Apply the distributive property.

$2 \int \frac{u}{2} (4 \frac{u}{2}) \frac{u}{2} + \frac{u}{2} (4 (- \frac{1}{2})) \frac{u}{2} + \frac{u}{2} \cdot 5 \frac{u}{2} - \frac{1}{2} (4 \frac{u}{2}) \frac{u}{2} - \frac{1}{2} (4 (- \frac{1}{2})) \frac{u}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot 5 \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.12

Reorder $\frac{u}{2}$ and $4$ .

$2 \int 4 \cdot \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} + \frac{u}{2} (4 (- \frac{1}{2})) \frac{u}{2} + \frac{u}{2} \cdot 5 \frac{u}{2} - \frac{1}{2} (4 \frac{u}{2}) \frac{u}{2} - \frac{1}{2} (4 (- \frac{1}{2})) \frac{u}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot 5 \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.13

Move parentheses.

$2 \int 4 \cdot \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} + \frac{u}{2} (4 \cdot - 1) \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} + \frac{u}{2} \cdot 5 \frac{u}{2} - \frac{1}{2} (4 \frac{u}{2}) \frac{u}{2} - \frac{1}{2} (4 (- \frac{1}{2})) \frac{u}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot 5 \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.14

Move $\frac{u}{2}$ .

$2 \int 4 \cdot \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} + 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{u}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} + \frac{u}{2} \cdot 5 \frac{u}{2} - \frac{1}{2} (4 \frac{u}{2}) \frac{u}{2} - \frac{1}{2} (4 (- \frac{1}{2})) \frac{u}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot 5 \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.15

Reorder $\frac{u}{2}$ and $5$ .

$2 \int 4 \cdot \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} + 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{u}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} + 5 \cdot \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - \frac{1}{2} (4 \frac{u}{2}) \frac{u}{2} - \frac{1}{2} (4 (- \frac{1}{2})) \frac{u}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot 5 \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.16

Move $\frac{1}{2}$ .

$2 \int 4 \cdot \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} + 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{u}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} + 5 \cdot \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - \frac{1}{2} (4 (- \frac{1}{2})) \frac{u}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot 5 \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.17

Move parentheses.

$2 \int 4 \cdot \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} + 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{u}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} + 5 \cdot \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - \frac{1}{2} (4 \cdot - 1) \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot 5 \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.18

Move $\frac{1}{2}$ .

$2 \int 4 \cdot \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} + 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{u}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} + 5 \cdot \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot 5 \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.19

Move $\frac{1}{2}$ .

$2 \int 4 \cdot \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} + 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{u}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} + 5 \cdot \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.20

Combine $4$ and $\frac{u}{2}$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u}{2} \cdot \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} + 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{u}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} + 5 \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.21

Multiply $\frac{4 u}{2}$ by $\frac{u}{2}$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u \cdot u}{2 \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{u}{2} + 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{u}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} + 5 \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.22

Raise $u$ to the power of $1$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 (u^{1} u)}{2 \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{u}{2} + 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{u}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} + 5 \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.23

Raise $u$ to the power of $1$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 (u^{1} u^{1})}{2 \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{u}{2} + 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{u}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} + 5 \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.24

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{1 + 1}}{2 \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{u}{2} + 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{u}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} + 5 \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.25

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{2}}{2 \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{u}{2} + 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{u}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} + 5 \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.26

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{2}}{4} \cdot \frac{u}{2} + 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{u}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} + 5 \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.27

Multiply $\frac{4 u^{2}}{4}$ by $\frac{u}{2}$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{2} u}{4 \cdot 2} + 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{u}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} + 5 \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.28

Raise $u$ to the power of $1$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 (u^{2} u^{1})}{4 \cdot 2} + 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{u}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} + 5 \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.29

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{2 + 1}}{4 \cdot 2} + 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{u}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} + 5 \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.30

Add $2$ and $1$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3}}{4 \cdot 2} + 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{u}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} + 5 \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.31

Multiply $4$ by $2$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3}}{8} + 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{u}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} + 5 \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.32

Multiply $4$ by $- 1$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3}}{8} - 4 \frac{u}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} + 5 \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.33

Combine $- 4$ and $\frac{u}{2}$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3}}{8} + \frac{- 4 u}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} + 5 \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.34

Multiply $\frac{- 4 u}{2}$ by $\frac{1}{2}$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3}}{8} + \frac{- 4 u}{2 \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{u}{2} + 5 \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.35

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3}}{8} + \frac{- 4 u}{4} \cdot \frac{u}{2} + 5 \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.36

Multiply $\frac{- 4 u}{4}$ by $\frac{u}{2}$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3}}{8} + \frac{- 4 u \cdot u}{4 \cdot 2} + 5 \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.37

Raise $u$ to the power of $1$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3}}{8} + \frac{- 4 (u^{1} u)}{4 \cdot 2} + 5 \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.38

Raise $u$ to the power of $1$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3}}{8} + \frac{- 4 (u^{1} u^{1})}{4 \cdot 2} + 5 \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.39

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3}}{8} + \frac{- 4 u^{1 + 1}}{4 \cdot 2} + 5 \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.40

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3}}{8} + \frac{- 4 u^{2}}{4 \cdot 2} + 5 \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.41

Multiply $4$ by $2$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3}}{8} + \frac{- 4 u^{2}}{8} + 5 \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.42

Combine $5$ and $\frac{u}{2}$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3}}{8} + \frac{- 4 u^{2}}{8} + \frac{5 u}{2} \cdot \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.43

Multiply $\frac{5 u}{2}$ by $\frac{u}{2}$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3}}{8} + \frac{- 4 u^{2}}{8} + \frac{5 u \cdot u}{2 \cdot 2} - 1 \cdot 4 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.44

Raise $u$ to the power of $1$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3}}{8} + \frac{- 4 u^{2}}{8} + \frac{5 (u^{1} u)}{2 \cdot 2} - 1 \cdot 4 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.45

Raise $u$ to the power of $1$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3}}{8} + \frac{- 4 u^{2}}{8} + \frac{5 (u^{1} u^{1})}{2 \cdot 2} - 1 \cdot 4 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.46

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3}}{8} + \frac{- 4 u^{2}}{8} + \frac{5 u^{1 + 1}}{2 \cdot 2} - 1 \cdot 4 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.47

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3}}{8} + \frac{- 4 u^{2}}{8} + \frac{5 u^{2}}{2 \cdot 2} - 1 \cdot 4 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.48

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3}}{8} + \frac{- 4 u^{2}}{8} + \frac{5 u^{2}}{4} - 1 \cdot 4 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.49

To write $\frac{5 u^{2}}{4}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3}}{8} + \frac{- 4 u^{2}}{8} + \frac{5 u^{2}}{4} \cdot \frac{2}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.50

Write each expression with a common denominator of $8$ , by multiplying each by an appropriate factor of $1$ .

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Step 4.50.1

Multiply $\frac{5 u^{2}}{4}$ by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3}}{8} + \frac{- 4 u^{2}}{8} + \frac{5 u^{2} \cdot 2}{4 \cdot 2} - 1 \cdot 4 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.50.2

Multiply $4$ by $2$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3}}{8} + \frac{- 4 u^{2}}{8} + \frac{5 u^{2} \cdot 2}{8} - 1 \cdot 4 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3}}{8} + \frac{- 4 u^{2}}{8} + \frac{5 u^{2} \cdot 2}{8} - 1 \cdot 4 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.51

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3}}{8} + \frac{- 4 u^{2} + 5 u^{2} \cdot 2}{8} - 1 \cdot 4 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.52

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3} - 4 u^{2} + 5 u^{2} \cdot 2}{8} - 1 \cdot 4 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.53

Multiply $- 1$ by $4$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3} - 4 u^{2} + 5 u^{2} \cdot 2}{8} - 4 (\frac{1}{2}) \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.54

Combine $- 4$ and $\frac{1}{2}$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3} - 4 u^{2} + 5 u^{2} \cdot 2}{8} + \frac{- 4}{2} \cdot \frac{u}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.55

Multiply $\frac{- 4}{2}$ by $\frac{u}{2}$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3} - 4 u^{2} + 5 u^{2} \cdot 2}{8} + \frac{- 4 u}{2 \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.56

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3} - 4 u^{2} + 5 u^{2} \cdot 2}{8} + \frac{- 4 u}{4} \cdot \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.57

Multiply $\frac{- 4 u}{4}$ by $\frac{u}{2}$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3} - 4 u^{2} + 5 u^{2} \cdot 2}{8} + \frac{- 4 u \cdot u}{4 \cdot 2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.58

Raise $u$ to the power of $1$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3} - 4 u^{2} + 5 u^{2} \cdot 2}{8} + \frac{- 4 (u^{1} u)}{4 \cdot 2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.59

Raise $u$ to the power of $1$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3} - 4 u^{2} + 5 u^{2} \cdot 2}{8} + \frac{- 4 (u^{1} u^{1})}{4 \cdot 2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.60

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3} - 4 u^{2} + 5 u^{2} \cdot 2}{8} + \frac{- 4 u^{1 + 1}}{4 \cdot 2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.61

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3} - 4 u^{2} + 5 u^{2} \cdot 2}{8} + \frac{- 4 u^{2}}{4 \cdot 2} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.62

Multiply $4$ by $2$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3} - 4 u^{2} + 5 u^{2} \cdot 2}{8} + \frac{- 4 u^{2}}{8} - 1 \cdot 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.63

Multiply $- 1$ by $4$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3} - 4 u^{2} + 5 u^{2} \cdot 2}{8} + \frac{- 4 u^{2}}{8} - 4 \cdot - 1 \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.64

Multiply $- 4$ by $- 1$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3} - 4 u^{2} + 5 u^{2} \cdot 2}{8} + \frac{- 4 u^{2}}{8} + 4 (\frac{1}{2}) \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.65

Combine $4$ and $\frac{1}{2}$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3} - 4 u^{2} + 5 u^{2} \cdot 2}{8} + \frac{- 4 u^{2}}{8} + \frac{4}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.66

Multiply $\frac{4}{2}$ by $\frac{1}{2}$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3} - 4 u^{2} + 5 u^{2} \cdot 2}{8} + \frac{- 4 u^{2}}{8} + \frac{4}{2 \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.67

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3} - 4 u^{2} + 5 u^{2} \cdot 2}{8} + \frac{- 4 u^{2}}{8} + \frac{4}{4} \cdot \frac{u}{2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.68

Multiply $\frac{4}{4}$ by $\frac{u}{2}$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3} - 4 u^{2} + 5 u^{2} \cdot 2}{8} + \frac{- 4 u^{2}}{8} + \frac{4 u}{4 \cdot 2} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.69

Multiply $4$ by $2$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3} - 4 u^{2} + 5 u^{2} \cdot 2}{8} + \frac{- 4 u^{2}}{8} + \frac{4 u}{8} - 1 \cdot 5 \frac{1}{2} \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.70

Multiply $- 1$ by $5$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3} - 4 u^{2} + 5 u^{2} \cdot 2}{8} + \frac{- 4 u^{2}}{8} + \frac{4 u}{8} - 5 (\frac{1}{2}) \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.71

Combine $- 5$ and $\frac{1}{2}$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3} - 4 u^{2} + 5 u^{2} \cdot 2}{8} + \frac{- 4 u^{2}}{8} + \frac{4 u}{8} + \frac{- 5}{2} \cdot \frac{u}{2} d u$

Step 4.72

Multiply $\frac{- 5}{2}$ by $\frac{u}{2}$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3} - 4 u^{2} + 5 u^{2} \cdot 2}{8} + \frac{- 4 u^{2}}{8} + \frac{4 u}{8} + \frac{- 5 u}{2 \cdot 2} d u$

Step 4.73

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3} - 4 u^{2} + 5 u^{2} \cdot 2}{8} + \frac{- 4 u^{2}}{8} + \frac{4 u}{8} + \frac{- 5 u}{4} d u$

Step 4.74

To write $\frac{- 5 u}{4}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3} - 4 u^{2} + 5 u^{2} \cdot 2}{8} + \frac{- 4 u^{2}}{8} + \frac{4 u}{8} + \frac{- 5 u}{4} \cdot \frac{2}{2} d u$

Step 4.75

Write each expression with a common denominator of $8$ , by multiplying each by an appropriate factor of $1$ .

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Step 4.75.1

Multiply $\frac{- 5 u}{4}$ by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3} - 4 u^{2} + 5 u^{2} \cdot 2}{8} + \frac{- 4 u^{2}}{8} + \frac{4 u}{8} + \frac{- 5 u \cdot 2}{4 \cdot 2} d u$

Step 4.75.2

Multiply $4$ by $2$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3} - 4 u^{2} + 5 u^{2} \cdot 2}{8} + \frac{- 4 u^{2}}{8} + \frac{4 u}{8} + \frac{- 5 u \cdot 2}{8} d u$

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3} - 4 u^{2} + 5 u^{2} \cdot 2}{8} + \frac{- 4 u^{2}}{8} + \frac{4 u}{8} + \frac{- 5 u \cdot 2}{8} d u$

Step 4.76

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3} - 4 u^{2} + 5 u^{2} \cdot 2}{8} + \frac{- 4 u^{2}}{8} + \frac{4 u - 5 u \cdot 2}{8} d u$

Step 4.77

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3} - 4 u^{2} + 5 u^{2} \cdot 2}{8} + \frac{- 4 u^{2} + 4 u - 5 u \cdot 2}{8} d u$

Step 4.78

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3} - 4 u^{2} + 5 u^{2} \cdot 2 - 4 u^{2} + 4 u - 5 u \cdot 2}{8} d u$

Step 4.79

Reorder $4 u$ and $- 5 u \cdot 2$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3} - 4 u^{2} + 5 u^{2} \cdot 2 - 4 u^{2} - 5 u \cdot 2 + 4 u}{8} d u$

Step 4.80

Move $5 u^{2} \cdot 2$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3} - 4 u^{2} - 4 u^{2} + 5 u^{2} \cdot 2 - 5 u \cdot 2 + 4 u}{8} d u$

Step 4.81

Subtract $4 u^{2}$ from $- 4 u^{2}$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3} - 8 u^{2} + 5 u^{2} \cdot 2 - 5 u \cdot 2 + 4 u}{8} d u$

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3} - 8 u^{2} + 5 u^{2} \cdot 2 - 5 u \cdot 2 + 4 u}{8} d u$

Step 5

Simplify.

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Step 5.1

Multiply $2$ by $5$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3} - 8 u^{2} + 10 u^{2} - 5 u \cdot 2 + 4 u}{8} d u$

Step 5.2

Add $- 8 u^{2}$ and $10 u^{2}$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3} + 2 u^{2} - 5 u \cdot 2 + 4 u}{8} d u$

Step 5.3

Multiply $2$ by $- 5$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3} + 2 u^{2} - 10 u + 4 u}{8} d u$

Step 5.4

Add $- 10 u$ and $4 u$ .

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3} + 2 u^{2} - 6 u}{8} d u$

$2 \int \frac{4 u^{3} + 2 u^{2} - 6 u}{8} d u$

Step 6

Since $\frac{1}{8}$ is constant with respect to $u$ , move $\frac{1}{8}$ out of the integral.

$2 (\frac{1}{8} \int 4 u^{3} + 2 u^{2} - 6 u d u)$

Step 7

Simplify.

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Step 7.1

Combine $\frac{1}{8}$ and $2$ .

$\frac{2}{8} \int 4 u^{3} + 2 u^{2} - 6 u d u$

Step 7.2

Cancel the common factor of $2$ and $8$ .

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Step 7.2.1

Factor $2$ out of $2$ .

$\frac{2 (1)}{8} \int 4 u^{3} + 2 u^{2} - 6 u d u$

Step 7.2.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 7.2.2.1

Factor $2$ out of $8$ .

$\frac{2 \cdot 1}{2 \cdot 4} \int 4 u^{3} + 2 u^{2} - 6 u d u$

Step 7.2.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{2 \cdot 1}{2 \cdot 4} \int 4 u^{3} + 2 u^{2} - 6 u d u$

Step 7.2.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{1}{4} \int 4 u^{3} + 2 u^{2} - 6 u d u$

$\frac{1}{4} \int 4 u^{3} + 2 u^{2} - 6 u d u$

$\frac{1}{4} \int 4 u^{3} + 2 u^{2} - 6 u d u$

$\frac{1}{4} \int 4 u^{3} + 2 u^{2} - 6 u d u$

Step 8

Split the single integral into multiple integrals.

$\frac{1}{4} (\int 4 u^{3} d u + \int 2 u^{2} d u + \int - 6 u d u)$

Step 9

Since $4$ is constant with respect to $u$ , move $4$ out of the integral.

$\frac{1}{4} (4 \int u^{3} d u + \int 2 u^{2} d u + \int - 6 u d u)$

Step 10

By the Power Rule, the integral of $u^{3}$ with respect to $u$ is $\frac{1}{4} u^{4}$ .

$\frac{1}{4} (4 (\frac{1}{4} u^{4} + C) + \int 2 u^{2} d u + \int - 6 u d u)$

Step 11

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $u$ , move $2$ out of the integral.

$\frac{1}{4} (4 (\frac{1}{4} u^{4} + C) + 2 \int u^{2} d u + \int - 6 u d u)$

Step 12

By the Power Rule, the integral of $u^{2}$ with respect to $u$ is $\frac{1}{3} u^{3}$ .

$\frac{1}{4} (4 (\frac{1}{4} u^{4} + C) + 2 (\frac{1}{3} u^{3} + C) + \int - 6 u d u)$

Step 13

Since $- 6$ is constant with respect to $u$ , move $- 6$ out of the integral.

$\frac{1}{4} (4 (\frac{1}{4} u^{4} + C) + 2 (\frac{1}{3} u^{3} + C) - 6 \int u d u)$

Step 14

By the Power Rule, the integral of $u$ with respect to $u$ is $\frac{1}{2} u^{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{4} (4 (\frac{1}{4} u^{4} + C) + 2 (\frac{1}{3} u^{3} + C) - 6 (\frac{1}{2} u^{2} + C))$

Step 15

Simplify.

$\frac{1}{4} (u^{4} + \frac{2 u^{3}}{3} - 3 u^{2}) + C$

Step 16

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $2 x + 1$ .

$\frac{1}{4} ({(2 x + 1)}^{4} + \frac{2 {(2 x + 1)}^{3}}{3} - 3 {(2 x + 1)}^{2}) + C$

Step 17

Reorder terms.

$\frac{1}{4} ({(2 x + 1)}^{4} + \frac{2}{3} {(2 x + 1)}^{3} - 3 {(2 x + 1)}^{2}) + C$

$[\begin{array}{c} x^{2} & \frac{1}{2} \\ \sqrt{π} & \int x d x \end{array}]$