Calculus Examples

$\int (x^{5} - 4 x^{- 4} + 6 x^{3} - 2 x) d x$

Step 1

Remove parentheses.

$\int x^{5} - 4 x^{- 4} + 6 x^{3} - 2 x d x$

Step 2

Split the single integral into multiple integrals.

$\int x^{5} d x + \int - 4 x^{- 4} d x + \int 6 x^{3} d x + \int - 2 x d x$

Step 3

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x^{5}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{6} x^{6}$ .

$\frac{1}{6} x^{6} + C + \int - 4 x^{- 4} d x + \int 6 x^{3} d x + \int - 2 x d x$

Step 4

Since $- 4$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $- 4$ out of the integral.

$\frac{1}{6} x^{6} + C - 4 \int x^{- 4} d x + \int 6 x^{3} d x + \int - 2 x d x$

Step 5

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x^{- 4}$ with respect to $x$ is $- \frac{1}{3} x^{- 3}$ .

$\frac{1}{6} x^{6} + C - 4 (- \frac{1}{3} x^{- 3} + C) + \int 6 x^{3} d x + \int - 2 x d x$

Step 6

Simplify.

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Step 6.1

Combine $x^{- 3}$ and $\frac{1}{3}$ .

$\frac{1}{6} x^{6} + C - 4 (- \frac{x^{- 3}}{3} + C) + \int 6 x^{3} d x + \int - 2 x d x$

Step 6.2

Move $x^{- 3}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$\frac{1}{6} x^{6} + C - 4 (- \frac{1}{3 x^{3}} + C) + \int 6 x^{3} d x + \int - 2 x d x$

Step 7

Since $6$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $6$ out of the integral.

$\frac{1}{6} x^{6} + C - 4 (- \frac{1}{3 x^{3}} + C) + 6 \int x^{3} d x + \int - 2 x d x$

Step 8

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x^{3}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{4} x^{4}$ .

$\frac{1}{6} x^{6} + C - 4 (- \frac{1}{3 x^{3}} + C) + 6 (\frac{1}{4} x^{4} + C) + \int - 2 x d x$

Step 9

Since $- 2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $- 2$ out of the integral.

$\frac{1}{6} x^{6} + C - 4 (- \frac{1}{3 x^{3}} + C) + 6 (\frac{1}{4} x^{4} + C) - 2 \int x d x$

Step 10

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{2} x^{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{6} x^{6} + C - 4 (- \frac{1}{3 x^{3}} + C) + 6 (\frac{1}{4} x^{4} + C) - 2 (\frac{1}{2} x^{2} + C)$

Step 11

Simplify.

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Step 11.1

Simplify.

$\frac{x^{6}}{6} + \frac{4}{3 x^{3}} + \frac{3 x^{4}}{2} - 2 (\frac{1}{2} x^{2}) + C$

Step 11.2

Simplify.

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Step 11.2.1

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $x^{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{6}}{6} + \frac{4}{3 x^{3}} + \frac{3 x^{4}}{2} - 2 \frac{x^{2}}{2} + C$

Step 11.2.2

Combine $- 2$ and $\frac{x^{2}}{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{6}}{6} + \frac{4}{3 x^{3}} + \frac{3 x^{4}}{2} + \frac{- 2 x^{2}}{2} + C$

Step 11.2.3

Cancel the common factor of $- 2$ and $2$ .

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Step 11.2.3.1

Factor $2$ out of $- 2 x^{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{6}}{6} + \frac{4}{3 x^{3}} + \frac{3 x^{4}}{2} + \frac{2 (- x^{2})}{2} + C$

Step 11.2.3.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 11.2.3.2.1

Factor $2$ out of $2$ .

$\frac{x^{6}}{6} + \frac{4}{3 x^{3}} + \frac{3 x^{4}}{2} + \frac{2 (- x^{2})}{2 (1)} + C$

Step 11.2.3.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{x^{6}}{6} + \frac{4}{3 x^{3}} + \frac{3 x^{4}}{2} + \frac{2 (- x^{2})}{2 \cdot 1} + C$

Step 11.2.3.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{x^{6}}{6} + \frac{4}{3 x^{3}} + \frac{3 x^{4}}{2} + \frac{- x^{2}}{1} + C$

Step 11.2.3.2.4

Divide $- x^{2}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{x^{6}}{6} + \frac{4}{3 x^{3}} + \frac{3 x^{4}}{2} - x^{2} + C$

Step 11.3

Reorder terms.

$\frac{1}{6} x^{6} + \frac{4}{3 x^{3}} + \frac{3}{2} x^{4} - x^{2} + C$