Calculus Examples

$e^{- x} + 2 x e^{- x} + x^{2} e^{- x}$

Step 1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $e^{- x} + 2 x e^{- x} + x^{2} e^{- x}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [e^{- x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [2 x e^{- x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} e^{- x}]$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [e^{- x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [2 x e^{- x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} e^{- x}]$

Step 2

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d x} [e^{- x}]$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.1

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = e^{x}$ and $g (x) = - x$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.1.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{1}$ as $- x$ .

$\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [e^{u_{1}}] \frac{d}{d x} [- x] + \frac{d}{d x} [2 x e^{- x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} e^{- x}]$

Step 2.1.2

Differentiate using the Exponential Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [a^{u_{1}}]$ is $a^{u_{1}} \ln (a)$ where $a$ = $e$ .

$e^{u_{1}} \frac{d}{d x} [- x] + \frac{d}{d x} [2 x e^{- x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} e^{- x}]$

Step 2.1.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{1}$ with $- x$ .

$e^{- x} \frac{d}{d x} [- x] + \frac{d}{d x} [2 x e^{- x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} e^{- x}]$

Step 2.2

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- x$ with respect to $x$ is $- \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$e^{- x} (- \frac{d}{d x} [x]) + \frac{d}{d x} [2 x e^{- x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} e^{- x}]$

Step 2.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$e^{- x} (- 1 \cdot 1) + \frac{d}{d x} [2 x e^{- x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} e^{- x}]$

Step 2.4

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

$e^{- x} \cdot - 1 + \frac{d}{d x} [2 x e^{- x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} e^{- x}]$

Step 2.5

Move $- 1$ to the left of $e^{- x}$ .

$- 1 \cdot e^{- x} + \frac{d}{d x} [2 x e^{- x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} e^{- x}]$

Step 2.6

Rewrite $- 1 e^{- x}$ as $- e^{- x}$ .

$- e^{- x} + \frac{d}{d x} [2 x e^{- x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} e^{- x}]$

Step 3

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d x} [2 x e^{- x}]$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 3.1

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $2 x e^{- x}$ with respect to $x$ is $2 \frac{d}{d x} [x e^{- x}]$ .

$- e^{- x} + 2 \frac{d}{d x} [x e^{- x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} e^{- x}]$

Step 3.2

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = x$ and $g (x) = e^{- x}$ .

$- e^{- x} + 2 (x \frac{d}{d x} [e^{- x}] + e^{- x} \frac{d}{d x} [x]) + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} e^{- x}]$

Step 3.3

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = e^{x}$ and $g (x) = - x$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 3.3.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{2}$ as $- x$ .

$- e^{- x} + 2 (x (\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [e^{u_{2}}] \frac{d}{d x} [- x]) + e^{- x} \frac{d}{d x} [x]) + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} e^{- x}]$

Step 3.3.2

Differentiate using the Exponential Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [a^{u_{2}}]$ is $a^{u_{2}} \ln (a)$ where $a$ = $e$ .

$- e^{- x} + 2 (x (e^{u_{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [- x]) + e^{- x} \frac{d}{d x} [x]) + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} e^{- x}]$

Step 3.3.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{2}$ with $- x$ .

$- e^{- x} + 2 (x (e^{- x} \frac{d}{d x} [- x]) + e^{- x} \frac{d}{d x} [x]) + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} e^{- x}]$

Step 3.4

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- x$ with respect to $x$ is $- \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$- e^{- x} + 2 (x (e^{- x} (- \frac{d}{d x} [x])) + e^{- x} \frac{d}{d x} [x]) + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} e^{- x}]$

Step 3.5

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$- e^{- x} + 2 (x (e^{- x} (- 1 \cdot 1)) + e^{- x} \frac{d}{d x} [x]) + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} e^{- x}]$

Step 3.6

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$- e^{- x} + 2 (x (e^{- x} (- 1 \cdot 1)) + e^{- x} \cdot 1) + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} e^{- x}]$

Step 3.7

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

$- e^{- x} + 2 (x (e^{- x} \cdot - 1) + e^{- x} \cdot 1) + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} e^{- x}]$

Step 3.8

Move $- 1$ to the left of $e^{- x}$ .

$- e^{- x} + 2 (x (- 1 \cdot e^{- x}) + e^{- x} \cdot 1) + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} e^{- x}]$

Step 3.9

Rewrite $- 1 e^{- x}$ as $- e^{- x}$ .

$- e^{- x} + 2 (x (- e^{- x}) + e^{- x} \cdot 1) + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} e^{- x}]$

Step 3.10

Multiply $e^{- x}$ by $1$ .

$- e^{- x} + 2 (x (- e^{- x}) + e^{- x}) + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} e^{- x}]$

Step 4

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} e^{- x}]$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 4.1

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = x^{2}$ and $g (x) = e^{- x}$ .

$- e^{- x} + 2 (x (- e^{- x}) + e^{- x}) + x^{2} \frac{d}{d x} [e^{- x}] + e^{- x} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]$

Step 4.2

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = e^{x}$ and $g (x) = - x$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 4.2.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{3}$ as $- x$ .

$- e^{- x} + 2 (x (- e^{- x}) + e^{- x}) + x^{2} (\frac{d}{d u_{3}} [e^{u_{3}}] \frac{d}{d x} [- x]) + e^{- x} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]$

Step 4.2.2

Differentiate using the Exponential Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u_{3}} [a^{u_{3}}]$ is $a^{u_{3}} \ln (a)$ where $a$ = $e$ .

$- e^{- x} + 2 (x (- e^{- x}) + e^{- x}) + x^{2} (e^{u_{3}} \frac{d}{d x} [- x]) + e^{- x} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]$

Step 4.2.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{3}$ with $- x$ .

$- e^{- x} + 2 (x (- e^{- x}) + e^{- x}) + x^{2} (e^{- x} \frac{d}{d x} [- x]) + e^{- x} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]$

Step 4.3

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- x$ with respect to $x$ is $- \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$- e^{- x} + 2 (x (- e^{- x}) + e^{- x}) + x^{2} (e^{- x} (- \frac{d}{d x} [x])) + e^{- x} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]$

Step 4.4

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$- e^{- x} + 2 (x (- e^{- x}) + e^{- x}) + x^{2} (e^{- x} (- 1 \cdot 1)) + e^{- x} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]$

Step 4.5

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$- e^{- x} + 2 (x (- e^{- x}) + e^{- x}) + x^{2} (e^{- x} (- 1 \cdot 1)) + e^{- x} (2 x)$

Step 4.6

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

$- e^{- x} + 2 (x (- e^{- x}) + e^{- x}) + x^{2} (e^{- x} \cdot - 1) + e^{- x} (2 x)$

Step 4.7

Move $- 1$ to the left of $e^{- x}$ .

$- e^{- x} + 2 (x (- e^{- x}) + e^{- x}) + x^{2} (- 1 \cdot e^{- x}) + e^{- x} (2 x)$

Step 4.8

Rewrite $- 1 e^{- x}$ as $- e^{- x}$ .

$- e^{- x} + 2 (x (- e^{- x}) + e^{- x}) + x^{2} (- e^{- x}) + e^{- x} (2 x)$

Step 5

Simplify.

Tap for more steps...

Step 5.1

Apply the distributive property.

$- e^{- x} + 2 (x (- e^{- x})) + 2 e^{- x} + x^{2} (- e^{- x}) + e^{- x} (2 x)$

Step 5.2

Combine terms.

Tap for more steps...

Step 5.2.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$- e^{- x} - 2 (x (e^{- x})) + 2 e^{- x} + x^{2} (- e^{- x}) + e^{- x} (2 x)$

Step 5.2.2

Add $- e^{- x}$ and $2 e^{- x}$ .

$- 2 x e^{- x} + e^{- x} + x^{2} (- e^{- x}) + e^{- x} (2 x)$

Step 5.2.3

Add $- 2 x e^{- x}$ and $e^{- x} (2 x)$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 5.2.3.1

Move $e^{- x}$ .

$e^{- x} + x^{2} (- e^{- x}) - 2 x e^{- x} + 2 x e^{- x}$

Step 5.2.3.2

Add $- 2 x e^{- x}$ and $2 x e^{- x}$ .

$e^{- x} + x^{2} (- e^{- x}) + 0$

Step 5.2.4

Add $e^{- x} + x^{2} (- e^{- x})$ and $0$ .

$e^{- x} + x^{2} (- e^{- x})$

Step 5.3

Reorder terms.

$- e^{- x} x^{2} + e^{- x}$

Step 5.4

Reorder factors in $- e^{- x} x^{2} + e^{- x}$ .

$- x^{2} e^{- x} + e^{- x}$