Calculus Examples

${(x^{2} + 1)}^{2 x}$

Step 1

Use the properties of logarithms to simplify the differentiation.

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Step 1.1

Rewrite ${(x^{2} + 1)}^{2 x}$ as $e^{\ln ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{2 x})}$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [e^{\ln ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{2 x})}]$

Step 1.2

Expand $\ln ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{2 x})$ by moving $2 x$ outside the logarithm.

$\frac{d}{d x} [e^{2 x \ln (x^{2} + 1)}]$

Step 2

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = e^{x}$ and $g (x) = 2 x \ln (x^{2} + 1)$ .

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Step 2.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{1}$ as $2 x \ln (x^{2} + 1)$ .

$\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [e^{u_{1}}] \frac{d}{d x} [2 x \ln (x^{2} + 1)]$

Step 2.2

Differentiate using the Exponential Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [a^{u_{1}}]$ is $a^{u_{1}} \ln (a)$ where $a$ = $e$ .

$e^{u_{1}} \frac{d}{d x} [2 x \ln (x^{2} + 1)]$

Step 2.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{1}$ with $2 x \ln (x^{2} + 1)$ .

$e^{2 x \ln (x^{2} + 1)} \frac{d}{d x} [2 x \ln (x^{2} + 1)]$

Step 3

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $2 x \ln (x^{2} + 1)$ with respect to $x$ is $2 \frac{d}{d x} [x \ln (x^{2} + 1)]$ .

$e^{2 x \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (2 \frac{d}{d x} [x \ln (x^{2} + 1)])$

Step 4

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = x$ and $g (x) = \ln (x^{2} + 1)$ .

$e^{2 x \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (2 (x \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (x^{2} + 1)] + \ln (x^{2} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [x]))$

Step 5

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \ln (x)$ and $g (x) = x^{2} + 1$ .

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Step 5.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{2}$ as $x^{2} + 1$ .

$e^{2 x \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (2 (x (\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [\ln (u_{2})] \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} + 1]) + \ln (x^{2} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [x]))$

Step 5.2

The derivative of $\ln (u_{2})$ with respect to $u_{2}$ is $\frac{1}{u_{2}}$ .

$e^{2 x \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (2 (x (\frac{1}{u_{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} + 1]) + \ln (x^{2} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [x]))$

Step 5.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{2}$ with $x^{2} + 1$ .

$e^{2 x \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (2 (x (\frac{1}{x^{2} + 1} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} + 1]) + \ln (x^{2} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [x]))$

Step 6

Differentiate.

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Step 6.1

Combine $\frac{1}{x^{2} + 1}$ and $x$ .

$e^{2 x \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (2 (\frac{x}{x^{2} + 1} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} + 1] + \ln (x^{2} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [x]))$

Step 6.2

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $x^{2} + 1$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}] + \frac{d}{d x} [1]$ .

$e^{2 x \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (2 (\frac{x}{x^{2} + 1} (\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}] + \frac{d}{d x} [1]) + \ln (x^{2} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [x]))$

Step 6.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$e^{2 x \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (2 (\frac{x}{x^{2} + 1} (2 x + \frac{d}{d x} [1]) + \ln (x^{2} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [x]))$

Step 6.4

Since $1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $1$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$e^{2 x \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (2 (\frac{x}{x^{2} + 1} (2 x + 0) + \ln (x^{2} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [x]))$

Step 6.5

Combine fractions.

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Step 6.5.1

Add $2 x$ and $0$ .

$e^{2 x \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (2 (\frac{x}{x^{2} + 1} (2 x) + \ln (x^{2} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [x]))$

Step 6.5.2

Combine $2$ and $\frac{x}{x^{2} + 1}$ .

$e^{2 x \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (2 (\frac{2 x}{x^{2} + 1} x + \ln (x^{2} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [x]))$

Step 6.5.3

Combine $\frac{2 x}{x^{2} + 1}$ and $x$ .

$e^{2 x \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (2 (\frac{2 x \cdot x}{x^{2} + 1} + \ln (x^{2} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [x]))$

Step 7

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$e^{2 x \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (2 (\frac{2 (x^{1} x)}{x^{2} + 1} + \ln (x^{2} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [x]))$

Step 8

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$e^{2 x \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (2 (\frac{2 (x^{1} x^{1})}{x^{2} + 1} + \ln (x^{2} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [x]))$

Step 9

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$e^{2 x \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (2 (\frac{2 x^{1 + 1}}{x^{2} + 1} + \ln (x^{2} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [x]))$

Step 10

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$e^{2 x \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (2 (\frac{2 x^{2}}{x^{2} + 1} + \ln (x^{2} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [x]))$

Step 11

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$e^{2 x \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (2 (\frac{2 x^{2}}{x^{2} + 1} + \ln (x^{2} + 1) \cdot 1))$

Step 12

Multiply $\ln (x^{2} + 1)$ by $1$ .

$e^{2 x \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (2 (\frac{2 x^{2}}{x^{2} + 1} + \ln (x^{2} + 1)))$

Step 13

To write $\ln (x^{2} + 1)$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{x^{2} + 1}{x^{2} + 1}$ .

$e^{2 x \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (2 (\frac{2 x^{2}}{x^{2} + 1} + \frac{\ln (x^{2} + 1) (x^{2} + 1)}{x^{2} + 1}))$

Step 14

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$e^{2 x \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (2 \frac{2 x^{2} + \ln (x^{2} + 1) (x^{2} + 1)}{x^{2} + 1})$

Step 15

Combine $2$ and $\frac{2 x^{2} + \ln (x^{2} + 1) (x^{2} + 1)}{x^{2} + 1}$ .

$e^{2 x \ln (x^{2} + 1)} \frac{2 (2 x^{2} + \ln (x^{2} + 1) (x^{2} + 1))}{x^{2} + 1}$

Step 16

Combine $e^{2 x \ln (x^{2} + 1)}$ and $\frac{2 (2 x^{2} + \ln (x^{2} + 1) (x^{2} + 1))}{x^{2} + 1}$ .

$\frac{e^{2 x \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (2 (2 x^{2} + \ln (x^{2} + 1) (x^{2} + 1)))}{x^{2} + 1}$

Step 17

Simplify.

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Step 17.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{e^{2 x \ln (x^{2} + 1)} (2 (2 x^{2}) + 2 (\ln (x^{2} + 1) (x^{2} + 1)))}{x^{2} + 1}$

Step 17.2

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 17.2.1

Simplify $2 \ln (x^{2} + 1)$ by moving $2$ inside the logarithm.

$\frac{e^{x \ln ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{2})} (2 (2 x^{2}) + 2 (\ln (x^{2} + 1) (x^{2} + 1)))}{x^{2} + 1}$

Step 17.2.2

Simplify each term.

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Step 17.2.2.1

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$\frac{e^{x \ln ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{2})} (4 x^{2} + 2 (\ln (x^{2} + 1) (x^{2} + 1)))}{x^{2} + 1}$

Step 17.2.2.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{e^{x \ln ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{2})} (4 x^{2} + 2 (\ln (x^{2} + 1) x^{2} + \ln (x^{2} + 1) \cdot 1))}{x^{2} + 1}$

Step 17.2.2.3

Multiply $\ln (x^{2} + 1)$ by $1$ .

$\frac{e^{x \ln ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{2})} (4 x^{2} + 2 (\ln (x^{2} + 1) x^{2} + \ln (x^{2} + 1)))}{x^{2} + 1}$

Step 17.2.2.4

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{e^{x \ln ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{2})} (4 x^{2} + 2 (\ln (x^{2} + 1) x^{2}) + 2 \ln (x^{2} + 1))}{x^{2} + 1}$

Step 17.2.2.5

Multiply $2 (\ln (x^{2} + 1) x^{2})$ .

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Step 17.2.2.5.1

Reorder $\ln (x^{2} + 1)$ and $2$ .

$\frac{e^{x \ln ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{2})} (4 x^{2} + 2 \cdot \ln (x^{2} + 1) x^{2} + 2 \ln (x^{2} + 1))}{x^{2} + 1}$

Step 17.2.2.5.2

Simplify $2 \cdot \ln (x^{2} + 1)$ by moving $2$ inside the logarithm.

$\frac{e^{x \ln ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{2})} (4 x^{2} + \ln ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}) x^{2} + 2 \ln (x^{2} + 1))}{x^{2} + 1}$

Step 17.2.2.6

Simplify $2 \ln (x^{2} + 1)$ by moving $2$ inside the logarithm.

$\frac{e^{x \ln ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{2})} (4 x^{2} + \ln ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}) x^{2} + \ln ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}))}{x^{2} + 1}$

Step 17.2.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{e^{x \ln ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{2})} (4 x^{2}) + e^{x \ln ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{2})} (\ln ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}) x^{2}) + e^{x \ln ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{2})} \ln ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{2})}{x^{2} + 1}$

Step 17.2.4

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{4 e^{x \ln ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{2})} x^{2} + e^{x \ln ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{2})} (\ln ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}) x^{2}) + e^{x \ln ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{2})} \ln ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{2})}{x^{2} + 1}$

Step 17.2.5

Reorder factors in $4 e^{x \ln ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{2})} x^{2} + e^{x \ln ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{2})} (\ln ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}) x^{2}) + e^{x \ln ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{2})} \ln ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{2})$ .

$\frac{4 x^{2} e^{x \ln ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{2})} + x^{2} e^{x \ln ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{2})} \ln ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}) + e^{x \ln ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{2})} \ln ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{2})}{x^{2} + 1}$

Step 17.3

Reorder terms.

$\frac{4 e^{x \ln ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{2})} x^{2} + e^{x \ln ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{2})} x^{2} \ln ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{2}) + e^{x \ln ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{2})} \ln ({(x^{2} + 1)}^{2})}{x^{2} + 1}$