Calculus Examples

$y = \frac{x^{4}}{\sqrt{3 x^{3} + 3}}$

Step 1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{3 x^{3} + 3}$ as ${(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$y = \frac{x^{4}}{{(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 2

Differentiate both sides of the equation.

$\frac{d}{d x} (y) = \frac{d}{d x} (\frac{x^{4}}{{(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}})$

Step 3

The derivative of $y$ with respect to $x$ is $y'$ .

$y'$

Step 4

Differentiate the right side of the equation.

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Step 4.1

Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{f (x)}{g (x)}]$ is $\frac{g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)] - f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)]}{{g (x)}^{2}}$ where $f (x) = x^{4}$ and $g (x) = {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{{(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4}] - x^{4} \frac{d}{d x} [{(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{{({(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 4.2

Multiply the exponents in ${({(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}$ .

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Step 4.2.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\frac{{(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4}] - x^{4} \frac{d}{d x} [{(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{{(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2}}$

Step 4.2.2

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 4.2.2.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{{(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4}] - x^{4} \frac{d}{d x} [{(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{{(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2}}$

Step 4.2.2.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{{(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4}] - x^{4} \frac{d}{d x} [{(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{{(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{1}}$

Step 4.3

Simplify.

$\frac{{(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4}] - x^{4} \frac{d}{d x} [{(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{3 x^{3} + 3}$

Step 4.4

Differentiate using the Power Rule.

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Step 4.4.1

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 4$ .

$\frac{{(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} (4 x^{3}) - x^{4} \frac{d}{d x} [{(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{3 x^{3} + 3}$

Step 4.4.2

Move $4$ to the left of ${(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{4 \cdot {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{3} - x^{4} \frac{d}{d x} [{(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{3 x^{3} + 3}$

Step 4.5

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $g (x) = 3 x^{3} + 3$ .

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Step 4.5.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u$ as $3 x^{3} + 3$ .

$\frac{4 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{3} - x^{4} (\frac{d}{d u} [u^{\frac{1}{2}}] \frac{d}{d x} [3 x^{3} + 3])}{3 x^{3} + 3}$

Step 4.5.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u} [u^{n}]$ is $n u^{n - 1}$ where $n = \frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{4 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{3} - x^{4} (\frac{1}{2} u^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x^{3} + 3])}{3 x^{3} + 3}$

Step 4.5.3

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $3 x^{3} + 3$ .

$\frac{4 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{3} - x^{4} (\frac{1}{2} {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x^{3} + 3])}{3 x^{3} + 3}$

Step 4.6

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{4 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{3} - x^{4} (\frac{1}{2} {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x^{3} + 3])}{3 x^{3} + 3}$

Step 4.7

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{4 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{3} - x^{4} (\frac{1}{2} {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x^{3} + 3])}{3 x^{3} + 3}$

Step 4.8

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{4 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{3} - x^{4} (\frac{1}{2} {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1 - 1 \cdot 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x^{3} + 3])}{3 x^{3} + 3}$

Step 4.9

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 4.9.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{4 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{3} - x^{4} (\frac{1}{2} {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1 - 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x^{3} + 3])}{3 x^{3} + 3}$

Step 4.9.2

Subtract $2$ from $1$ .

$\frac{4 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{3} - x^{4} (\frac{1}{2} {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{- 1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x^{3} + 3])}{3 x^{3} + 3}$

Step 4.10

Combine fractions.

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Step 4.10.1

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{4 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{3} - x^{4} (\frac{1}{2} {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{- \frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x^{3} + 3])}{3 x^{3} + 3}$

Step 4.10.2

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and ${(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{4 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{3} - x^{4} (\frac{{(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x^{3} + 3])}{3 x^{3} + 3}$

Step 4.10.3

Move ${(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$\frac{4 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{3} - x^{4} (\frac{1}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x^{3} + 3])}{3 x^{3} + 3}$

Step 4.10.4

Combine $\frac{1}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ and $x^{4}$ .

$\frac{4 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{3} - \frac{x^{4}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x^{3} + 3]}{3 x^{3} + 3}$

Step 4.11

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $3 x^{3} + 3$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [3 x^{3}] + \frac{d}{d x} [3]$ .

$\frac{4 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{3} - \frac{x^{4}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (\frac{d}{d x} [3 x^{3}] + \frac{d}{d x} [3])}{3 x^{3} + 3}$

Step 4.12

Since $3$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $3 x^{3}$ with respect to $x$ is $3 \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}]$ .

$\frac{4 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{3} - \frac{x^{4}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (3 \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}] + \frac{d}{d x} [3])}{3 x^{3} + 3}$

Step 4.13

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 3$ .

$\frac{4 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{3} - \frac{x^{4}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (3 (3 x^{2}) + \frac{d}{d x} [3])}{3 x^{3} + 3}$

Step 4.14

Multiply $3$ by $3$ .

$\frac{4 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{3} - \frac{x^{4}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (9 x^{2} + \frac{d}{d x} [3])}{3 x^{3} + 3}$

Step 4.15

Since $3$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $3$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$\frac{4 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{3} - \frac{x^{4}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (9 x^{2} + 0)}{3 x^{3} + 3}$

Step 4.16

Combine fractions.

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Step 4.16.1

Add $9 x^{2}$ and $0$ .

$\frac{4 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{3} - \frac{x^{4}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (9 x^{2})}{3 x^{3} + 3}$

Step 4.16.2

Multiply $9$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{4 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{3} - 9 \frac{x^{4}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} x^{2}}{3 x^{3} + 3}$

Step 4.16.3

Combine $- 9$ and $\frac{x^{4}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{4 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{3} + \frac{- 9 x^{4}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} x^{2}}{3 x^{3} + 3}$

Step 4.16.4

Combine $\frac{- 9 x^{4}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ and $x^{2}$ .

$\frac{4 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{3} + \frac{- 9 x^{4} x^{2}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{3 x^{3} + 3}$

Step 4.17

Multiply $x^{4}$ by $x^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 4.17.1

Move $x^{2}$ .

$\frac{4 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{3} + \frac{- 9 (x^{2} x^{4})}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{3 x^{3} + 3}$

Step 4.17.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{4 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{3} + \frac{- 9 x^{2 + 4}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{3 x^{3} + 3}$

Step 4.17.3

Add $2$ and $4$ .

$\frac{4 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{3} + \frac{- 9 x^{6}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{3 x^{3} + 3}$

Step 4.18

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{4 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{3} - \frac{9 x^{6}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{3 x^{3} + 3}$

Step 4.19

Combine $4 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{3}$ and $- \frac{9 x^{6}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ using a common denominator.

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Step 4.19.1

Move ${(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{4 x^{3} {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{9 x^{6}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{3 x^{3} + 3}$

Step 4.19.2

To write $4 x^{3} {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{4 x^{3} {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \frac{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} - \frac{9 x^{6}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{3 x^{3} + 3}$

Step 4.19.3

Combine $4 x^{3} {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $\frac{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{\frac{4 x^{3} {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} (2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}})}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} - \frac{9 x^{6}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{3 x^{3} + 3}$

Step 4.19.4

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{\frac{4 x^{3} {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} (2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}) - 9 x^{6}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{3 x^{3} + 3}$

Step 4.20

Multiply $2$ by $4$ .

$\frac{\frac{8 x^{3} {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} - 9 x^{6}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{3 x^{3} + 3}$

Step 4.21

Multiply ${(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by ${(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 4.21.1

Move ${(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{\frac{8 x^{3} ({(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}) - 9 x^{6}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{3 x^{3} + 3}$

Step 4.21.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{\frac{8 x^{3} {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2}} - 9 x^{6}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{3 x^{3} + 3}$

Step 4.21.3

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{\frac{8 x^{3} {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1 + 1}{2}} - 9 x^{6}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{3 x^{3} + 3}$

Step 4.21.4

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{8 x^{3} {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{2}{2}} - 9 x^{6}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{3 x^{3} + 3}$

Step 4.21.5

Divide $2$ by $2$ .

$\frac{\frac{8 x^{3} {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{1} - 9 x^{6}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{3 x^{3} + 3}$

Step 4.22

Simplify $8 x^{3} {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{1}$ .

$\frac{\frac{8 x^{3} (3 x^{3} + 3) - 9 x^{6}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{3 x^{3} + 3}$

Step 4.23

Rewrite $\frac{\frac{8 x^{3} (3 x^{3} + 3) - 9 x^{6}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{3 x^{3} + 3}$ as a product.

$\frac{8 x^{3} (3 x^{3} + 3) - 9 x^{6}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot \frac{1}{3 x^{3} + 3}$

Step 4.24

Multiply $\frac{8 x^{3} (3 x^{3} + 3) - 9 x^{6}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ by $\frac{1}{3 x^{3} + 3}$ .

$\frac{8 x^{3} (3 x^{3} + 3) - 9 x^{6}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} (3 x^{3} + 3)}$

Step 4.25

Raise $3 x^{3} + 3$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{8 x^{3} (3 x^{3} + 3) - 9 x^{6}}{2 ({(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{1} {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}})}$

Step 4.26

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{8 x^{3} (3 x^{3} + 3) - 9 x^{6}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{1 + \frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 4.27

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$\frac{8 x^{3} (3 x^{3} + 3) - 9 x^{6}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{2}{2} + \frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 4.28

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{8 x^{3} (3 x^{3} + 3) - 9 x^{6}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{2 + 1}{2}}}$

Step 4.29

Add $2$ and $1$ .

$\frac{8 x^{3} (3 x^{3} + 3) - 9 x^{6}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 4.30

Simplify.

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Step 4.30.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{8 x^{3} (3 x^{3}) + 8 x^{3} \cdot 3 - 9 x^{6}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 4.30.2

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 4.30.2.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 4.30.2.1.1

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{8 \cdot 3 x^{3} x^{3} + 8 x^{3} \cdot 3 - 9 x^{6}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 4.30.2.1.2

Multiply $x^{3}$ by $x^{3}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 4.30.2.1.2.1

Move $x^{3}$ .

$\frac{8 \cdot 3 (x^{3} x^{3}) + 8 x^{3} \cdot 3 - 9 x^{6}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 4.30.2.1.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{8 \cdot 3 x^{3 + 3} + 8 x^{3} \cdot 3 - 9 x^{6}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 4.30.2.1.2.3

Add $3$ and $3$ .

$\frac{8 \cdot 3 x^{6} + 8 x^{3} \cdot 3 - 9 x^{6}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 4.30.2.1.3

Multiply $8$ by $3$ .

$\frac{24 x^{6} + 8 x^{3} \cdot 3 - 9 x^{6}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 4.30.2.1.4

Multiply $3$ by $8$ .

$\frac{24 x^{6} + 24 x^{3} - 9 x^{6}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 4.30.2.2

Subtract $9 x^{6}$ from $24 x^{6}$ .

$\frac{15 x^{6} + 24 x^{3}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 4.30.3

Factor $3 x^{3}$ out of $15 x^{6} + 24 x^{3}$ .

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Step 4.30.3.1

Factor $3 x^{3}$ out of $15 x^{6}$ .

$\frac{3 x^{3} (5 x^{3}) + 24 x^{3}}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 4.30.3.2

Factor $3 x^{3}$ out of $24 x^{3}$ .

$\frac{3 x^{3} (5 x^{3}) + 3 x^{3} (8)}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 4.30.3.3

Factor $3 x^{3}$ out of $3 x^{3} (5 x^{3}) + 3 x^{3} (8)$ .

$\frac{3 x^{3} (5 x^{3} + 8)}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 5

Reform the equation by setting the left side equal to the right side.

$y' = \frac{3 x^{3} (5 x^{3} + 8)}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 6

Replace $y'$ with $\frac{d y}{d x}$ .

$\frac{d y}{d x} = \frac{3 x^{3} (5 x^{3} + 8)}{2 {(3 x^{3} + 3)}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$