Calculus Examples

$\frac{d}{d s} (\frac{a^{2} - s^{2}}{\sqrt{a^{2} + s^{2}}})$

Step 1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{a^{2} + s^{2}}$ as ${(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d s} [\frac{a^{2} - s^{2}}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}]$

Step 2

Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d s} [\frac{f (s)}{g (s)}]$ is $\frac{g (s) \frac{d}{d s} [f (s)] - f (s) \frac{d}{d s} [g (s)]}{{g (s)}^{2}}$ where $f (s) = a^{2} - s^{2}$ and $g (s) = {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d s} [a^{2} - s^{2}] - (a^{2} - s^{2}) \frac{d}{d s} [{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{{({(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 3

Multiply the exponents in ${({(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}$ .

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Step 3.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\frac{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d s} [a^{2} - s^{2}] - (a^{2} - s^{2}) \frac{d}{d s} [{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2}}$

Step 3.2

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 3.2.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d s} [a^{2} - s^{2}] - (a^{2} - s^{2}) \frac{d}{d s} [{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2}}$

Step 3.2.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d s} [a^{2} - s^{2}] - (a^{2} - s^{2}) \frac{d}{d s} [{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{1}}$

Step 4

Simplify.

$\frac{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d s} [a^{2} - s^{2}] - (a^{2} - s^{2}) \frac{d}{d s} [{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 5

Differentiate.

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Step 5.1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $a^{2} - s^{2}$ with respect to $s$ is $\frac{d}{d s} [a^{2}] + \frac{d}{d s} [- s^{2}]$ .

$\frac{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{d}{d s} [a^{2}] + \frac{d}{d s} [- s^{2}]) - (a^{2} - s^{2}) \frac{d}{d s} [{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 5.2

Since $a^{2}$ is constant with respect to $s$ , the derivative of $a^{2}$ with respect to $s$ is $0$ .

$\frac{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} (0 + \frac{d}{d s} [- s^{2}]) - (a^{2} - s^{2}) \frac{d}{d s} [{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 5.3

Add $0$ and $\frac{d}{d s} [- s^{2}]$ .

$\frac{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d s} [- s^{2}] - (a^{2} - s^{2}) \frac{d}{d s} [{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 5.4

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $s$ , the derivative of $- s^{2}$ with respect to $s$ is $- \frac{d}{d s} [s^{2}]$ .

$\frac{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} (- \frac{d}{d s} [s^{2}]) - (a^{2} - s^{2}) \frac{d}{d s} [{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 5.5

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d s} [s^{n}]$ is $n s^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$\frac{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} (- (2 s)) - (a^{2} - s^{2}) \frac{d}{d s} [{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 5.6

Multiply $2$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 2 s) - (a^{2} - s^{2}) \frac{d}{d s} [{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 6

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d s} [f (g (s))]$ is $f' (g (s)) g' (s)$ where $f (s) = s^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $g (s) = a^{2} + s^{2}$ .

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Step 6.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u$ as $a^{2} + s^{2}$ .

$\frac{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 2 s) - (a^{2} - s^{2}) (\frac{d}{d u} [u^{\frac{1}{2}}] \frac{d}{d s} [a^{2} + s^{2}])}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 6.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u} [u^{n}]$ is $n u^{n - 1}$ where $n = \frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 2 s) - (a^{2} - s^{2}) (\frac{1}{2} u^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d s} [a^{2} + s^{2}])}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 6.3

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $a^{2} + s^{2}$ .

$\frac{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 2 s) - (a^{2} - s^{2}) (\frac{1}{2} {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d s} [a^{2} + s^{2}])}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 7

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 2 s) - (a^{2} - s^{2}) (\frac{1}{2} {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2}} \frac{d}{d s} [a^{2} + s^{2}])}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 8

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 2 s) - (a^{2} - s^{2}) (\frac{1}{2} {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d s} [a^{2} + s^{2}])}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 9

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 2 s) - (a^{2} - s^{2}) (\frac{1}{2} {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1 - 1 \cdot 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d s} [a^{2} + s^{2}])}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 10

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 10.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 2 s) - (a^{2} - s^{2}) (\frac{1}{2} {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1 - 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d s} [a^{2} + s^{2}])}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 10.2

Subtract $2$ from $1$ .

$\frac{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 2 s) - (a^{2} - s^{2}) (\frac{1}{2} {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{- 1}{2}} \frac{d}{d s} [a^{2} + s^{2}])}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 11

Combine fractions.

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Step 11.1

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 2 s) - (a^{2} - s^{2}) (\frac{1}{2} {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d s} [a^{2} + s^{2}])}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 11.2

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and ${(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 2 s) - (a^{2} - s^{2}) (\frac{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2} \frac{d}{d s} [a^{2} + s^{2}])}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 11.3

Move ${(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$\frac{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 2 s) - (a^{2} - s^{2}) (\frac{1}{2 {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d s} [a^{2} + s^{2}])}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 12

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $a^{2} + s^{2}$ with respect to $s$ is $\frac{d}{d s} [a^{2}] + \frac{d}{d s} [s^{2}]$ .

$\frac{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 2 s) - (a^{2} - s^{2}) (\frac{1}{2 {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (\frac{d}{d s} [a^{2}] + \frac{d}{d s} [s^{2}]))}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 13

Since $a^{2}$ is constant with respect to $s$ , the derivative of $a^{2}$ with respect to $s$ is $0$ .

$\frac{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 2 s) - (a^{2} - s^{2}) (\frac{1}{2 {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (0 + \frac{d}{d s} [s^{2}]))}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 14

Add $0$ and $\frac{d}{d s} [s^{2}]$ .

$\frac{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 2 s) - (a^{2} - s^{2}) (\frac{1}{2 {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d s} [s^{2}])}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 15

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d s} [s^{n}]$ is $n s^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$\frac{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 2 s) - (a^{2} - s^{2}) (\frac{1}{2 {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (2 s))}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 16

Simplify terms.

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Step 16.1

Combine $2$ and $\frac{1}{2 {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 2 s) - (a^{2} - s^{2}) (\frac{2}{2 {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} s)}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 16.2

Combine $\frac{2}{2 {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ and $s$ .

$\frac{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 2 s) - (a^{2} - s^{2}) \frac{2 s}{2 {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 16.3

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 2 s) - (a^{2} - s^{2}) \frac{2 s}{2 {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 16.4

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 2 s) - (a^{2} - s^{2}) \frac{s}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 17

Simplify.

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Step 17.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 2 s) + (- a^{2} - - s^{2}) \frac{s}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 17.2

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 17.2.1

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{- 2 {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} s + (- a^{2} - - s^{2}) \frac{s}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 17.2.2

Multiply $- - s^{2}$ .

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Step 17.2.2.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{- 2 {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} s + (- a^{2} + 1 s^{2}) \frac{s}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 17.2.2.2

Multiply $s^{2}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{- 2 {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} s + (- a^{2} + s^{2}) \frac{s}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 17.2.3

Multiply $- a^{2} + s^{2}$ by $\frac{s}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{- 2 {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} s + \frac{(- a^{2} + s^{2}) s}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 17.2.4

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 17.2.4.1

Reorder $- a^{2}$ and $s^{2}$ .

$\frac{- 2 {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} s + \frac{(s^{2} - a^{2}) s}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 17.2.4.2

Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, $a^{2} - b^{2} = (a + b) (a - b)$ where $a = s$ and $b = a$ .

$\frac{- 2 {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} s + \frac{(s + a) (s - a) s}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 17.2.5

To write $- 2 {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} s$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{- 2 {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} s \cdot \frac{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{(s + a) (s - a) s}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 17.2.6

Combine $- 2 {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} s$ and $\frac{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{\frac{- 2 {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} s {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{(s + a) (s - a) s}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 17.2.7

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{\frac{- 2 {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} s {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} + (s + a) (s - a) s}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 17.2.8

Rewrite $\frac{- 2 {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} s {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} + (s + a) (s - a) s}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ in a factored form.

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Step 17.2.8.1

Factor $s$ out of $- 2 {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} s {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} + (s + a) (s - a) s$ .

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Step 17.2.8.1.1

Factor $s$ out of $- 2 {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} s {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{\frac{s (- 2 {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}) + (s + a) (s - a) s}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 17.2.8.1.2

Factor $s$ out of $(s + a) (s - a) s$ .

$\frac{\frac{s (- 2 {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}) + s ((s + a) (s - a))}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 17.2.8.1.3

Factor $s$ out of $s (- 2 {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}) + s ((s + a) (s - a))$ .

$\frac{\frac{s (- 2 {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} + (s + a) (s - a))}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 17.2.8.2

Multiply ${(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by ${(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 17.2.8.2.1

Move ${(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{\frac{s (- 2 ({(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}) + (s + a) (s - a))}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 17.2.8.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{\frac{s (- 2 {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2}} + (s + a) (s - a))}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 17.2.8.2.3

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{\frac{s (- 2 {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1 + 1}{2}} + (s + a) (s - a))}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 17.2.8.2.4

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{s (- 2 {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{2}{2}} + (s + a) (s - a))}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 17.2.8.2.5

Divide $2$ by $2$ .

$\frac{\frac{s (- 2 {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{1} + (s + a) (s - a))}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 17.2.8.3

Simplify $- 2 {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{1}$ .

$\frac{\frac{s (- 2 (a^{2} + s^{2}) + (s + a) (s - a))}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 17.2.8.4

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{\frac{s (- 2 a^{2} - 2 s^{2} + (s + a) (s - a))}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 17.2.8.5

Expand $(s + a) (s - a)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 17.2.8.5.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{\frac{s (- 2 a^{2} - 2 s^{2} + s (s - a) + a (s - a))}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 17.2.8.5.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{\frac{s (- 2 a^{2} - 2 s^{2} + s \cdot s + s (- a) + a (s - a))}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 17.2.8.5.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{\frac{s (- 2 a^{2} - 2 s^{2} + s \cdot s + s (- a) + a s + a (- a))}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 17.2.8.6

Combine the opposite terms in $s \cdot s + s (- a) + a s + a (- a)$ .

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Step 17.2.8.6.1

Reorder the factors in the terms $s (- a)$ and $a s$ .

$\frac{\frac{s (- 2 a^{2} - 2 s^{2} + s \cdot s - a s + a s + a (- a))}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 17.2.8.6.2

Add $- a s$ and $a s$ .

$\frac{\frac{s (- 2 a^{2} - 2 s^{2} + s \cdot s + 0 + a (- a))}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 17.2.8.6.3

Add $s \cdot s$ and $0$ .

$\frac{\frac{s (- 2 a^{2} - 2 s^{2} + s \cdot s + a (- a))}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 17.2.8.7

Simplify each term.

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Step 17.2.8.7.1

Multiply $s$ by $s$ .

$\frac{\frac{s (- 2 a^{2} - 2 s^{2} + s^{2} + a (- a))}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 17.2.8.7.2

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{\frac{s (- 2 a^{2} - 2 s^{2} + s^{2} - a \cdot a)}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 17.2.8.7.3

Multiply $a$ by $a$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 17.2.8.7.3.1

Move $a$ .

$\frac{\frac{s (- 2 a^{2} - 2 s^{2} + s^{2} - (a \cdot a))}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 17.2.8.7.3.2

Multiply $a$ by $a$ .

$\frac{\frac{s (- 2 a^{2} - 2 s^{2} + s^{2} - a^{2})}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 17.2.8.8

Subtract $a^{2}$ from $- 2 a^{2}$ .

$\frac{\frac{s (- 3 a^{2} - 2 s^{2} + s^{2})}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 17.2.8.9

Add $- 2 s^{2}$ and $s^{2}$ .

$\frac{\frac{s (- 3 a^{2} - s^{2})}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 17.3

Combine terms.

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Step 17.3.1

Rewrite $\frac{\frac{s (- 3 a^{2} - s^{2})}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$ as a product.

$\frac{s (- 3 a^{2} - s^{2})}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot \frac{1}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$

Step 17.3.2

Multiply $\frac{s (- 3 a^{2} - s^{2})}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ by $\frac{1}{a^{2} + s^{2}}$ .

$\frac{s (- 3 a^{2} - s^{2})}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} (a^{2} + s^{2})}$

Step 17.3.3

Multiply ${(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by $a^{2} + s^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 17.3.3.1

Multiply ${(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by $a^{2} + s^{2}$ .

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Step 17.3.3.1.1

Raise $a^{2} + s^{2}$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{s (- 3 a^{2} - s^{2})}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{1}}$

Step 17.3.3.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{s (- 3 a^{2} - s^{2})}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} + 1}}$

Step 17.3.3.2

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$\frac{s (- 3 a^{2} - s^{2})}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{2}{2}}}$

Step 17.3.3.3

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{s (- 3 a^{2} - s^{2})}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{1 + 2}{2}}}$

Step 17.3.3.4

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$\frac{s (- 3 a^{2} - s^{2})}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 17.4

Factor $- 1$ out of $- 3 a^{2}$ .

$\frac{s (- (3 a^{2}) - s^{2})}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 17.5

Factor $- 1$ out of $- s^{2}$ .

$\frac{s (- (3 a^{2}) - (s^{2}))}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 17.6

Factor $- 1$ out of $- (3 a^{2}) - (s^{2})$ .

$\frac{s (- (3 a^{2} + s^{2}))}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 17.7

Rewrite $- (3 a^{2} + s^{2})$ as $- 1 (3 a^{2} + s^{2})$ .

$\frac{s (- 1 (3 a^{2} + s^{2}))}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 17.8

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$- \frac{s (3 a^{2} + s^{2})}{{(a^{2} + s^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$