Calculus Examples

$\frac{\ln (\sqrt{x})}{x}$

Step 1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{x}$ as $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{\ln (x^{\frac{1}{2}})}{x}]$

Step 2

Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{f (x)}{g (x)}]$ is $\frac{g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)] - f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)]}{{g (x)}^{2}}$ where $f (x) = \ln (x^{\frac{1}{2}})$ and $g (x) = x$ .

$\frac{x \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (x^{\frac{1}{2}})] - \ln (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 3

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \ln (x)$ and $g (x) = x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

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Step 3.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u$ as $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{x (\frac{d}{d u} [\ln (u)] \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}]) - \ln (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 3.2

The derivative of $\ln (u)$ with respect to $u$ is $\frac{1}{u}$ .

$\frac{x (\frac{1}{u} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}]) - \ln (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 3.3

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{x (\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}]) - \ln (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 4

Combine $\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ and $x$ .

$\frac{\frac{x}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}] - \ln (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 5

Move $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ to the numerator using the negative exponent rule $\frac{1}{b^{n}} = b^{- n}$ .

$\frac{x \cdot x^{- \frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}] - \ln (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 6

Multiply $x$ by $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 6.1

Multiply $x$ by $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

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Step 6.1.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{x^{1} x^{- \frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}] - \ln (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 6.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{x^{1 - \frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}] - \ln (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 6.2

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$\frac{x^{\frac{2}{2} - \frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}] - \ln (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 6.3

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{x^{\frac{2 - 1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}] - \ln (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 6.4

Subtract $1$ from $2$ .

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}] - \ln (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 7

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = \frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2} - 1}) - \ln (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 8

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2}}) - \ln (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 9

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2}}) - \ln (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 10

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1 - 1 \cdot 2}{2}}) - \ln (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 11

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 11.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1 - 2}{2}}) - \ln (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 11.2

Subtract $2$ from $1$ .

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{- 1}{2}}) - \ln (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 12

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{1}{2} x^{- \frac{1}{2}}) - \ln (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 13

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{x^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2} - \ln (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 14

Combine $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $\frac{x^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2}$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2} - \ln (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 15

Multiply $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 15.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2}}}{2} - \ln (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 15.2

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1 - 1}{2}}}{2} - \ln (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 15.3

Subtract $1$ from $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{0}{2}}}{2} - \ln (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 15.4

Divide $0$ by $2$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{0}}{2} - \ln (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 16

Simplify $x^{0}$ .

$\frac{\frac{1}{2} - \ln (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 17

Multiply $\frac{\frac{1}{2} - \ln (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$ by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{2}{2} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{2} - \ln (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 18

Simplify terms.

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Step 18.1

Combine.

$\frac{2 (\frac{1}{2} - \ln (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x])}{2 x^{2}}$

Step 18.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{2 (\frac{1}{2}) + 2 (- \ln (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x])}{2 x^{2}}$

Step 18.3

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 18.3.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{2 (\frac{1}{2}) + 2 (- \ln (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x])}{2 x^{2}}$

Step 18.3.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{1 + 2 (- \ln (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x])}{2 x^{2}}$

Step 18.4

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{1 - 2 (\ln (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x])}{2 x^{2}}$

Step 19

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{1 - 2 \ln (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \cdot 1}{2 x^{2}}$

Step 20

Simplify terms.

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Step 20.1

Multiply $- 2$ by $1$ .

$\frac{1 - 2 \ln (x^{\frac{1}{2}})}{2 x^{2}}$

Step 20.2

Simplify each term.

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Step 20.2.1

Simplify $- 2 \ln (x^{\frac{1}{2}})$ by moving $2$ inside the logarithm.

$\frac{1 - \ln ({(x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2})}{2 x^{2}}$

Step 20.2.2

Multiply the exponents in ${(x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}$ .

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Step 20.2.2.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\frac{1 - \ln (x^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2})}{2 x^{2}}$

Step 20.2.2.2

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 20.2.2.2.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{1 - \ln (x^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2})}{2 x^{2}}$

Step 20.2.2.2.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{1 - \ln (x^{1})}{2 x^{2}}$

Step 20.2.3

Simplify.

$\frac{1 - \ln (x)}{2 x^{2}}$