Calculus Examples

$z = {(2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{3}$

Step 1

Differentiate both sides of the equation.

$\frac{d}{d x} (z) = \frac{d}{d x} ({(2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{3})$

Step 2

The derivative of $z$ with respect to $x$ is $z'$ .

$z'$

Step 3

Differentiate the right side of the equation.

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Step 3.1

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{3}$ and $g (x) = 2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

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Step 3.1.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u$ as $2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d u} [u^{3}] \frac{d}{d x} [2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}}]$

Step 3.1.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u} [u^{n}]$ is $n u^{n - 1}$ where $n = 3$ .

$3 u^{2} \frac{d}{d x} [2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}}]$

Step 3.1.3

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$3 {(2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2} \frac{d}{d x} [2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}}]$

Step 3.2

Differentiate.

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Step 3.2.1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [2 x^{\frac{1}{3}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [y^{\frac{1}{2}}]$ .

$3 {(2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2} (\frac{d}{d x} [2 x^{\frac{1}{3}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [y^{\frac{1}{2}}])$

Step 3.2.2

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $2 x^{\frac{1}{3}}$ with respect to $x$ is $2 \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{3}}]$ .

$3 {(2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2} (2 \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{3}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [y^{\frac{1}{2}}])$

Step 3.2.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = \frac{1}{3}$ .

$3 {(2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2} (2 (\frac{1}{3} x^{\frac{1}{3} - 1}) + \frac{d}{d x} [y^{\frac{1}{2}}])$

Step 3.3

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{3}{3}$ .

$3 {(2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2} (2 (\frac{1}{3} x^{\frac{1}{3} - 1 \cdot \frac{3}{3}}) + \frac{d}{d x} [y^{\frac{1}{2}}])$

Step 3.4

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{3}{3}$ .

$3 {(2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2} (2 (\frac{1}{3} x^{\frac{1}{3} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 3}{3}}) + \frac{d}{d x} [y^{\frac{1}{2}}])$

Step 3.5

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$3 {(2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2} (2 (\frac{1}{3} x^{\frac{1 - 1 \cdot 3}{3}}) + \frac{d}{d x} [y^{\frac{1}{2}}])$

Step 3.6

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 3.6.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $3$ .

$3 {(2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2} (2 (\frac{1}{3} x^{\frac{1 - 3}{3}}) + \frac{d}{d x} [y^{\frac{1}{2}}])$

Step 3.6.2

Subtract $3$ from $1$ .

$3 {(2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2} (2 (\frac{1}{3} x^{\frac{- 2}{3}}) + \frac{d}{d x} [y^{\frac{1}{2}}])$

Step 3.7

Combine fractions.

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Step 3.7.1

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$3 {(2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2} (2 (\frac{1}{3} x^{- \frac{2}{3}}) + \frac{d}{d x} [y^{\frac{1}{2}}])$

Step 3.7.2

Combine $\frac{1}{3}$ and $x^{- \frac{2}{3}}$ .

$3 {(2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2} (2 \frac{x^{- \frac{2}{3}}}{3} + \frac{d}{d x} [y^{\frac{1}{2}}])$

Step 3.7.3

Combine $2$ and $\frac{x^{- \frac{2}{3}}}{3}$ .

$3 {(2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2} (\frac{2 x^{- \frac{2}{3}}}{3} + \frac{d}{d x} [y^{\frac{1}{2}}])$

Step 3.7.4

Move $x^{- \frac{2}{3}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$3 {(2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2} (\frac{2}{3 x^{\frac{2}{3}}} + \frac{d}{d x} [y^{\frac{1}{2}}])$

Step 3.8

Since $y^{\frac{1}{2}}$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $y^{\frac{1}{2}}$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$3 {(2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2} (\frac{2}{3 x^{\frac{2}{3}}} + 0)$

Step 3.9

Simplify terms.

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Step 3.9.1

Add $\frac{2}{3 x^{\frac{2}{3}}}$ and $0$ .

$3 {(2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2} \frac{2}{3 x^{\frac{2}{3}}}$

Step 3.9.2

Combine $\frac{2}{3 x^{\frac{2}{3}}}$ and $3$ .

$\frac{2 \cdot 3}{3 x^{\frac{2}{3}}} {(2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}$

Step 3.9.3

Multiply $2$ by $3$ .

$\frac{6}{3 x^{\frac{2}{3}}} {(2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}$

Step 3.9.4

Combine $\frac{6}{3 x^{\frac{2}{3}}}$ and ${(2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}$ .

$\frac{6 {(2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}{3 x^{\frac{2}{3}}}$

Step 3.9.5

Factor $3$ out of $6 {(2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}$ .

$\frac{3 (2 {(2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2})}{3 x^{\frac{2}{3}}}$

Step 3.10

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 3.10.1

Factor $3$ out of $3 x^{\frac{2}{3}}$ .

$\frac{3 (2 {(2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2})}{3 (x^{\frac{2}{3}})}$

Step 3.10.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{3 (2 {(2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2})}{3 x^{\frac{2}{3}}}$

Step 3.10.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{2 {(2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}{x^{\frac{2}{3}}}$

Step 3.11

Simplify.

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Step 3.11.1

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 3.11.1.1

Rewrite ${(2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}$ as $(2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}}) (2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}})$ .

$\frac{2 ((2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}}) (2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}}))}{x^{\frac{2}{3}}}$

Step 3.11.1.2

Expand $(2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}}) (2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}})$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 3.11.1.2.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{2 (2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} (2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}}) + y^{\frac{1}{2}} (2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}}))}{x^{\frac{2}{3}}}$

Step 3.11.1.2.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{2 (2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} (2 x^{\frac{1}{3}}) + 2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} y^{\frac{1}{2}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}} (2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}}))}{x^{\frac{2}{3}}}$

Step 3.11.1.2.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{2 (2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} (2 x^{\frac{1}{3}}) + 2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} y^{\frac{1}{2}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}} (2 x^{\frac{1}{3}}) + y^{\frac{1}{2}} y^{\frac{1}{2}})}{x^{\frac{2}{3}}}$

Step 3.11.1.3

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 3.11.1.3.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 3.11.1.3.1.1

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{2 (2 \cdot 2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} x^{\frac{1}{3}} + 2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} y^{\frac{1}{2}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}} (2 x^{\frac{1}{3}}) + y^{\frac{1}{2}} y^{\frac{1}{2}})}{x^{\frac{2}{3}}}$

Step 3.11.1.3.1.2

Multiply $x^{\frac{1}{3}}$ by $x^{\frac{1}{3}}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 3.11.1.3.1.2.1

Move $x^{\frac{1}{3}}$ .

$\frac{2 (2 \cdot 2 (x^{\frac{1}{3}} x^{\frac{1}{3}}) + 2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} y^{\frac{1}{2}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}} (2 x^{\frac{1}{3}}) + y^{\frac{1}{2}} y^{\frac{1}{2}})}{x^{\frac{2}{3}}}$

Step 3.11.1.3.1.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{2 (2 \cdot 2 x^{\frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{3}} + 2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} y^{\frac{1}{2}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}} (2 x^{\frac{1}{3}}) + y^{\frac{1}{2}} y^{\frac{1}{2}})}{x^{\frac{2}{3}}}$

Step 3.11.1.3.1.2.3

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{2 (2 \cdot 2 x^{\frac{1 + 1}{3}} + 2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} y^{\frac{1}{2}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}} (2 x^{\frac{1}{3}}) + y^{\frac{1}{2}} y^{\frac{1}{2}})}{x^{\frac{2}{3}}}$

Step 3.11.1.3.1.2.4

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{2 (2 \cdot 2 x^{\frac{2}{3}} + 2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} y^{\frac{1}{2}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}} (2 x^{\frac{1}{3}}) + y^{\frac{1}{2}} y^{\frac{1}{2}})}{x^{\frac{2}{3}}}$

Step 3.11.1.3.1.3

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$\frac{2 (4 x^{\frac{2}{3}} + 2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} y^{\frac{1}{2}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}} (2 x^{\frac{1}{3}}) + y^{\frac{1}{2}} y^{\frac{1}{2}})}{x^{\frac{2}{3}}}$

Step 3.11.1.3.1.4

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{2 (4 x^{\frac{2}{3}} + 2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} y^{\frac{1}{2}} + 2 y^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2}} y^{\frac{1}{2}})}{x^{\frac{2}{3}}}$

Step 3.11.1.3.1.5

Multiply $y^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by $y^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 3.11.1.3.1.5.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{2 (4 x^{\frac{2}{3}} + 2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} y^{\frac{1}{2}} + 2 y^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2}})}{x^{\frac{2}{3}}}$

Step 3.11.1.3.1.5.2

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{2 (4 x^{\frac{2}{3}} + 2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} y^{\frac{1}{2}} + 2 y^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{1 + 1}{2}})}{x^{\frac{2}{3}}}$

Step 3.11.1.3.1.5.3

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{2 (4 x^{\frac{2}{3}} + 2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} y^{\frac{1}{2}} + 2 y^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{\frac{2}{2}})}{x^{\frac{2}{3}}}$

Step 3.11.1.3.1.5.4

Divide $2$ by $2$ .

$\frac{2 (4 x^{\frac{2}{3}} + 2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} y^{\frac{1}{2}} + 2 y^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y^{1})}{x^{\frac{2}{3}}}$

Step 3.11.1.3.1.6

Simplify $y^{1}$ .

$\frac{2 (4 x^{\frac{2}{3}} + 2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} y^{\frac{1}{2}} + 2 y^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{3}} + y)}{x^{\frac{2}{3}}}$

Step 3.11.1.3.2

Add $2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} y^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $2 y^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{3}}$ .

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Step 3.11.1.3.2.1

Move $y^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{2 (4 x^{\frac{2}{3}} + 2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} y^{\frac{1}{2}} + 2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} y^{\frac{1}{2}} + y)}{x^{\frac{2}{3}}}$

Step 3.11.1.3.2.2

Add $2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} y^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $2 x^{\frac{1}{3}} y^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{2 (4 x^{\frac{2}{3}} + 4 x^{\frac{1}{3}} y^{\frac{1}{2}} + y)}{x^{\frac{2}{3}}}$

Step 3.11.1.4

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{2 (4 x^{\frac{2}{3}}) + 2 (4 x^{\frac{1}{3}} y^{\frac{1}{2}}) + 2 y}{x^{\frac{2}{3}}}$

Step 3.11.1.5

Simplify.

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Step 3.11.1.5.1

Multiply $4$ by $2$ .

$\frac{8 x^{\frac{2}{3}} + 2 (4 x^{\frac{1}{3}} y^{\frac{1}{2}}) + 2 y}{x^{\frac{2}{3}}}$

Step 3.11.1.5.2

Multiply $4$ by $2$ .

$\frac{8 x^{\frac{2}{3}} + 8 (x^{\frac{1}{3}} y^{\frac{1}{2}}) + 2 y}{x^{\frac{2}{3}}}$

$\frac{8 x^{\frac{2}{3}} + 8 x^{\frac{1}{3}} y^{\frac{1}{2}} + 2 y}{x^{\frac{2}{3}}}$

Step 3.11.2

Reorder terms.

$\frac{8 x^{\frac{1}{3}} y^{\frac{1}{2}} + 2 y + 8 x^{\frac{2}{3}}}{x^{\frac{2}{3}}}$

Step 4

Reform the equation by setting the left side equal to the right side.

$z' = \frac{8 x^{\frac{1}{3}} y^{\frac{1}{2}} + 2 y + 8 x^{\frac{2}{3}}}{x^{\frac{2}{3}}}$

Step 5

Replace $z'$ with $\frac{d z}{d x}$ .

$\frac{d z}{d x} = \frac{8 x^{\frac{1}{3}} y^{\frac{1}{2}} + 2 y + 8 x^{\frac{2}{3}}}{x^{\frac{2}{3}}}$