Calculus Examples

$f (x) = \frac{x^{3} + x}{x^{2} + 1}$

Step 1

The function $F (x)$ can be found by finding the indefinite integral of the derivative $f (x)$ .

$F (x) = \int f (x) d x$

Step 2

Set up the integral to solve.

$F (x) = \int \frac{x^{3} + x}{x^{2} + 1} d x$

Step 3

Divide $x^{3} + x$ by $x^{2} + 1$ .

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Step 3.1

Set up the polynomials to be divided. If there is not a term for every exponent, insert one with a value of $0$ .

$x^{2}$

$0 x$

$1$

$x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$x$

$0$

Step 3.2

Divide the highest order term in the dividend $x^{3}$ by the highest order term in divisor $x^{2}$ .

$x$

$x^{2}$

$0 x$

$1$

$x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$x$

$0$

Step 3.3

Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.

$x$

$x^{2}$

$0 x$

$1$

$x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$x$

$0$

$x^{3}$

$0$

$x$

Step 3.4

The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in $x^{3} + 0 + x$

$x$

$x^{2}$

$0 x$

$1$

$x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$x$

$0$

$x^{3}$

$0$

$x$

Step 3.5

After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.

$x$

$x^{2}$

$0 x$

$1$

$x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$x$

$0$

$x^{3}$

$0$

$x$

$0$

Step 3.6

Pull the next terms from the original dividend down into the current dividend.

$x$

$x^{2}$

$0 x$

$1$

$x^{3}$

$0 x^{2}$

$x$

$0$

$x^{3}$

$0$

$x$

$0$

Step 3.7

Since the remander is $0$ , the final answer is the quotient.

$\int x d x$

Step 4

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{2} x^{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{2} x^{2} + C$

Step 5

The answer is the antiderivative of the function $f (x) = \frac{x^{3} + x}{x^{2} + 1}$ .

$F (x) =$ $\frac{1}{2} x^{2} + C$