Calculus Examples

$\frac{\sqrt{x}}{1 + x + x^{3}}$

Step 1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{x}$ as $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 + x + x^{3}}]$

Step 2

Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{f (x)}{g (x)}]$ is $\frac{g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)] - f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)]}{{g (x)}^{2}}$ where $f (x) = x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $g (x) = 1 + x + x^{3}$ .

$\frac{(1 + x + x^{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}] - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [1 + x + x^{3}]}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = \frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{(1 + x + x^{3}) (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2} - 1}) - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [1 + x + x^{3}]}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 4

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{(1 + x + x^{3}) (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2}}) - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [1 + x + x^{3}]}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 5

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{(1 + x + x^{3}) (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2}}) - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [1 + x + x^{3}]}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 6

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{(1 + x + x^{3}) (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1 - 1 \cdot 2}{2}}) - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [1 + x + x^{3}]}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 7

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 7.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{(1 + x + x^{3}) (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1 - 2}{2}}) - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [1 + x + x^{3}]}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 7.2

Subtract $2$ from $1$ .

$\frac{(1 + x + x^{3}) (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{- 1}{2}}) - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [1 + x + x^{3}]}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 8

Combine fractions.

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Step 8.1

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{(1 + x + x^{3}) (\frac{1}{2} x^{- \frac{1}{2}}) - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [1 + x + x^{3}]}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 8.2

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{(1 + x + x^{3}) \frac{x^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [1 + x + x^{3}]}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 8.3

Move $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$\frac{(1 + x + x^{3}) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [1 + x + x^{3}]}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 9

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $1 + x + x^{3}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [1] + \frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}]$ .

$\frac{(1 + x + x^{3}) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{d}{d x} [1] + \frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}])}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 10

Since $1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $1$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$\frac{(1 + x + x^{3}) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} (0 + \frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}])}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 11

Add $0$ and $\frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$\frac{(1 + x + x^{3}) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}])}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 12

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{(1 + x + x^{3}) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} (1 + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}])}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 13

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 3$ .

$\frac{(1 + x + x^{3}) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} (1 + 3 x^{2})}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14

Simplify.

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Step 14.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{1 \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + x \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + x^{3} \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} (1 + 3 x^{2})}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{1 \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + x \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + x^{3} \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1 - x^{\frac{1}{2}} (3 x^{2})}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 14.3.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 14.3.1.1

Multiply $\frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + x \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + x^{3} \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1 - x^{\frac{1}{2}} (3 x^{2})}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.1.2

Combine $x$ and $\frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{\frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + x^{3} \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1 - x^{\frac{1}{2}} (3 x^{2})}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.1.3

Move $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ to the numerator using the negative exponent rule $\frac{1}{b^{n}} = b^{- n}$ .

$\frac{\frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x \cdot x^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2} + x^{3} \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1 - x^{\frac{1}{2}} (3 x^{2})}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.1.4

Multiply $x$ by $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 14.3.1.4.1

Multiply $x$ by $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

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Step 14.3.1.4.1.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{1} x^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2} + x^{3} \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1 - x^{\frac{1}{2}} (3 x^{2})}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.1.4.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{\frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{1 - \frac{1}{2}}}{2} + x^{3} \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1 - x^{\frac{1}{2}} (3 x^{2})}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.1.4.2

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$\frac{\frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{2}{2} - \frac{1}{2}}}{2} + x^{3} \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1 - x^{\frac{1}{2}} (3 x^{2})}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.1.4.3

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{\frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{2 - 1}{2}}}{2} + x^{3} \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1 - x^{\frac{1}{2}} (3 x^{2})}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.1.4.4

Subtract $1$ from $2$ .

$\frac{\frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + x^{3} \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1 - x^{\frac{1}{2}} (3 x^{2})}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.1.5

Cancel the common factor of $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

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Step 14.3.1.5.1

Factor $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ out of $x^{3}$ .

$\frac{\frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + x^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{5}{2}} \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1 - x^{\frac{1}{2}} (3 x^{2})}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.1.5.2

Factor $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ out of $2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{\frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + x^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{5}{2}} \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 2} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1 - x^{\frac{1}{2}} (3 x^{2})}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.1.5.3

Cancel the common factor.

Step 14.3.1.5.4

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{\frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + x^{\frac{5}{2}} \frac{1}{2} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1 - x^{\frac{1}{2}} (3 x^{2})}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.1.6

Combine $x^{\frac{5}{2}}$ and $\frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{\frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{2} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1 - x^{\frac{1}{2}} (3 x^{2})}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.1.7

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{2} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} (3 x^{2})}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.1.8

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{\frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{2} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1 \cdot 3 x^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.1.9

Multiply $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by $x^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 14.3.1.9.1

Move $x^{2}$ .

$\frac{\frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{2} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1 \cdot 3 (x^{2} x^{\frac{1}{2}})}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.1.9.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{\frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{2} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1 \cdot 3 x^{2 + \frac{1}{2}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.1.9.3

To write $2$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{\frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{2} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1 \cdot 3 x^{2 \cdot \frac{2}{2} + \frac{1}{2}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.1.9.4

Combine $2$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{\frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{2} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1 \cdot 3 x^{\frac{2 \cdot 2}{2} + \frac{1}{2}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.1.9.5

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{\frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{2} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1 \cdot 3 x^{\frac{2 \cdot 2 + 1}{2}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.1.9.6

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 14.3.1.9.6.1

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$\frac{\frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{2} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1 \cdot 3 x^{\frac{4 + 1}{2}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.1.9.6.2

Add $4$ and $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{2} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1 \cdot 3 x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.1.10

Multiply $- 1$ by $3$ .

$\frac{\frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{2} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 3 x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.2

To write $- x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{\frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \frac{2}{2} + \frac{x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{2} - 3 x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.3

Combine $- x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{\frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{- x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 2}{2} + \frac{x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{2} - 3 x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.4

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{\frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 2}{2} + \frac{x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{2} - 3 x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.5

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{- 3 x^{\frac{5}{2}} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 2 + x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{2}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.6

Multiply $2$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{- 3 x^{\frac{5}{2}} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{2}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.7

Subtract $2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ from $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{- 3 x^{\frac{5}{2}} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{- x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{2}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.8

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 14.3.8.1

Factor $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ out of $- x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x^{\frac{5}{2}}$ .

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Step 14.3.8.1.1

Factor $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ out of $- x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{- 3 x^{\frac{5}{2}} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot - 1 + x^{\frac{5}{2}}}{2}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.8.1.2

Factor $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ out of $x^{\frac{5}{2}}$ .

$\frac{- 3 x^{\frac{5}{2}} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot - 1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{4}{2}}}{2}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.8.1.3

Factor $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ out of $x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot - 1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{4}{2}}$ .

$\frac{- 3 x^{\frac{5}{2}} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 1 + x^{\frac{4}{2}})}{2}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.8.2

Rewrite $x^{\frac{4}{2}}$ as ${(x^{\frac{2}{2}})}^{2}$ .

$\frac{- 3 x^{\frac{5}{2}} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 1 + {(x^{\frac{2}{2}})}^{2})}{2}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.8.3

Rewrite $1$ as $1^{2}$ .

$\frac{- 3 x^{\frac{5}{2}} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 1^{2} + {(x^{\frac{2}{2}})}^{2})}{2}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.8.4

Reorder $- 1^{2}$ and ${(x^{\frac{2}{2}})}^{2}$ .

$\frac{- 3 x^{\frac{5}{2}} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} ({(x^{\frac{2}{2}})}^{2} - 1^{2})}{2}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.8.5

Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, $a^{2} - b^{2} = (a + b) (a - b)$ where $a = x^{\frac{2}{2}}$ and $b = 1$ .

$\frac{- 3 x^{\frac{5}{2}} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} ((x^{\frac{2}{2}} + 1) (x^{\frac{2}{2}} - 1))}{2}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.8.6

Simplify.

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Step 14.3.8.6.1

Divide $2$ by $2$ .

$\frac{- 3 x^{\frac{5}{2}} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} ((x^{1} + 1) (x^{\frac{2}{2}} - 1))}{2}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.8.6.2

Simplify.

$\frac{- 3 x^{\frac{5}{2}} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} ((x + 1) (x^{\frac{2}{2}} - 1))}{2}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.8.6.3

Rewrite $x^{\frac{2}{2}}$ as ${(x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}$ .

$\frac{- 3 x^{\frac{5}{2}} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} ((x + 1) ({(x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2} - 1))}{2}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.8.6.4

Rewrite $1$ as $1^{2}$ .

$\frac{- 3 x^{\frac{5}{2}} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} ((x + 1) ({(x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2} - 1^{2}))}{2}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.8.6.5

Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, $a^{2} - b^{2} = (a + b) (a - b)$ where $a = x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $b = 1$ .

$\frac{- 3 x^{\frac{5}{2}} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} ((x + 1) (x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1) (x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1))}{2}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

$\frac{- 3 x^{\frac{5}{2}} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (x + 1) (x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1) (x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1)}{2}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.9

To write $- 3 x^{\frac{5}{2}}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{- 3 x^{\frac{5}{2}} \cdot \frac{2}{2} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (x + 1) (x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1) (x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1)}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.10

Combine $- 3 x^{\frac{5}{2}}$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{\frac{- 3 x^{\frac{5}{2}} \cdot 2}{2} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (x + 1) (x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1) (x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1)}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.11

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{\frac{- 3 x^{\frac{5}{2}} \cdot 2 + x^{\frac{1}{2}} (x + 1) (x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1) (x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1)}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 14.3.12.1

Factor $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ out of $- 3 x^{\frac{5}{2}} \cdot 2 + x^{\frac{1}{2}} (x + 1) (x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1) (x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1)$ .

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Step 14.3.12.1.1

Move $x^{\frac{5}{2}}$ .

$\frac{\frac{- 3 \cdot 2 x^{\frac{5}{2}} + x^{\frac{1}{2}} (x + 1) (x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1) (x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1)}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.1.2

Factor $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ out of $- 3 \cdot 2 x^{\frac{5}{2}}$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 3 \cdot 2 x^{\frac{4}{2}}) + x^{\frac{1}{2}} (x + 1) (x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1) (x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1)}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.1.3

Factor $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ out of $x^{\frac{1}{2}} (x + 1) (x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1) (x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1)$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 3 \cdot 2 x^{\frac{4}{2}}) + x^{\frac{1}{2}} (((x + 1) (x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1)) (x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1))}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.1.4

Factor $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ out of $x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 3 \cdot 2 x^{\frac{4}{2}}) + x^{\frac{1}{2}} (((x + 1) (x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1)) (x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1))$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 3 \cdot 2 x^{\frac{4}{2}} + ((x + 1) (x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1)) (x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1))}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.2

Multiply $- 3$ by $2$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 6 x^{\frac{4}{2}} + ((x + 1) (x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1)) (x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1))}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.3

Divide $4$ by $2$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 6 x^{2} + ((x + 1) (x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1)) (x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1))}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.4

Expand $(x + 1) (x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 14.3.12.4.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 6 x^{2} + (x (x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1) + 1 (x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1)) (x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1))}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.4.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 6 x^{2} + (x \cdot x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x \cdot 1 + 1 (x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1)) (x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1))}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.4.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 6 x^{2} + (x \cdot x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x \cdot 1 + 1 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot 1) (x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1))}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.5

Simplify each term.

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Step 14.3.12.5.1

Multiply $x$ by $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 14.3.12.5.1.1

Multiply $x$ by $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

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Step 14.3.12.5.1.1.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 6 x^{2} + (x^{1} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x \cdot 1 + 1 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot 1) (x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1))}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.5.1.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 6 x^{2} + (x^{1 + \frac{1}{2}} + x \cdot 1 + 1 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot 1) (x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1))}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.5.1.2

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 6 x^{2} + (x^{\frac{2}{2} + \frac{1}{2}} + x \cdot 1 + 1 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot 1) (x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1))}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.5.1.3

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 6 x^{2} + (x^{\frac{2 + 1}{2}} + x \cdot 1 + 1 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot 1) (x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1))}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.5.1.4

Add $2$ and $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 6 x^{2} + (x^{\frac{3}{2}} + x \cdot 1 + 1 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot 1) (x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1))}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.5.2

Multiply $x$ by $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 6 x^{2} + (x^{\frac{3}{2}} + x + 1 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot 1) (x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1))}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.5.3

Multiply $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 6 x^{2} + (x^{\frac{3}{2}} + x + x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot 1) (x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1))}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.5.4

Multiply $1$ by $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 6 x^{2} + (x^{\frac{3}{2}} + x + x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1) (x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1))}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.6

Expand $(x^{\frac{3}{2}} + x + x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1) (x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1)$ by multiplying each term in the first expression by each term in the second expression.

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 6 x^{2} + x^{\frac{3}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x^{\frac{3}{2}} \cdot - 1 + x \cdot x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x \cdot - 1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot - 1 + 1 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 1)}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.7

Simplify each term.

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Step 14.3.12.7.1

Multiply $x^{\frac{3}{2}}$ by $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 14.3.12.7.1.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 6 x^{2} + x^{\frac{3}{2} + \frac{1}{2}} + x^{\frac{3}{2}} \cdot - 1 + x \cdot x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x \cdot - 1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot - 1 + 1 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 1)}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.7.1.2

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 6 x^{2} + x^{\frac{3 + 1}{2}} + x^{\frac{3}{2}} \cdot - 1 + x \cdot x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x \cdot - 1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot - 1 + 1 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 1)}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.7.1.3

Add $3$ and $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 6 x^{2} + x^{\frac{4}{2}} + x^{\frac{3}{2}} \cdot - 1 + x \cdot x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x \cdot - 1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot - 1 + 1 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 1)}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.7.1.4

Divide $4$ by $2$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 6 x^{2} + x^{2} + x^{\frac{3}{2}} \cdot - 1 + x \cdot x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x \cdot - 1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot - 1 + 1 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 1)}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.7.2

Move $- 1$ to the left of $x^{\frac{3}{2}}$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 6 x^{2} + x^{2} - 1 \cdot x^{\frac{3}{2}} + x \cdot x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x \cdot - 1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot - 1 + 1 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 1)}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.7.3

Rewrite $- 1 x^{\frac{3}{2}}$ as $- x^{\frac{3}{2}}$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 6 x^{2} + x^{2} - x^{\frac{3}{2}} + x \cdot x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x \cdot - 1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot - 1 + 1 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 1)}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.7.4

Multiply $x$ by $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 14.3.12.7.4.1

Multiply $x$ by $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

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Step 14.3.12.7.4.1.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 6 x^{2} + x^{2} - x^{\frac{3}{2}} + x^{1} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x \cdot - 1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot - 1 + 1 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 1)}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.7.4.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 6 x^{2} + x^{2} - x^{\frac{3}{2}} + x^{1 + \frac{1}{2}} + x \cdot - 1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot - 1 + 1 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 1)}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.7.4.2

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 6 x^{2} + x^{2} - x^{\frac{3}{2}} + x^{\frac{2}{2} + \frac{1}{2}} + x \cdot - 1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot - 1 + 1 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 1)}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.7.4.3

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 6 x^{2} + x^{2} - x^{\frac{3}{2}} + x^{\frac{2 + 1}{2}} + x \cdot - 1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot - 1 + 1 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 1)}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.7.4.4

Add $2$ and $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 6 x^{2} + x^{2} - x^{\frac{3}{2}} + x^{\frac{3}{2}} + x \cdot - 1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot - 1 + 1 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 1)}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.7.5

Move $- 1$ to the left of $x$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 6 x^{2} + x^{2} - x^{\frac{3}{2}} + x^{\frac{3}{2}} - 1 \cdot x + x^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot - 1 + 1 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 1)}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.7.6

Rewrite $- 1 x$ as $- x$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 6 x^{2} + x^{2} - x^{\frac{3}{2}} + x^{\frac{3}{2}} - x + x^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot - 1 + 1 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 1)}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.7.7

Multiply $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 14.3.12.7.7.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 6 x^{2} + x^{2} - x^{\frac{3}{2}} + x^{\frac{3}{2}} - x + x^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2}} + x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot - 1 + 1 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 1)}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.7.7.2

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 6 x^{2} + x^{2} - x^{\frac{3}{2}} + x^{\frac{3}{2}} - x + x^{\frac{1 + 1}{2}} + x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot - 1 + 1 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 1)}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.7.7.3

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 6 x^{2} + x^{2} - x^{\frac{3}{2}} + x^{\frac{3}{2}} - x + x^{\frac{2}{2}} + x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot - 1 + 1 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 1)}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.7.7.4

Divide $2$ by $2$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 6 x^{2} + x^{2} - x^{\frac{3}{2}} + x^{\frac{3}{2}} - x + x^{1} + x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot - 1 + 1 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 1)}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.7.8

Simplify $x^{1}$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 6 x^{2} + x^{2} - x^{\frac{3}{2}} + x^{\frac{3}{2}} - x + x + x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot - 1 + 1 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 1)}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.7.9

Move $- 1$ to the left of $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 6 x^{2} + x^{2} - x^{\frac{3}{2}} + x^{\frac{3}{2}} - x + x - 1 \cdot x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 1)}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.7.10

Rewrite $- 1 x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ as $- x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 6 x^{2} + x^{2} - x^{\frac{3}{2}} + x^{\frac{3}{2}} - x + x - x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 1)}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.7.11

Multiply $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 6 x^{2} + x^{2} - x^{\frac{3}{2}} + x^{\frac{3}{2}} - x + x - x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1 \cdot - 1)}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.7.12

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 6 x^{2} + x^{2} - x^{\frac{3}{2}} + x^{\frac{3}{2}} - x + x - x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1)}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.8

Combine the opposite terms in $x^{2} - x^{\frac{3}{2}} + x^{\frac{3}{2}} - x + x - x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1$ .

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Step 14.3.12.8.1

Add $- x^{\frac{3}{2}}$ and $x^{\frac{3}{2}}$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 6 x^{2} + x^{2} + 0 - x + x - x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1)}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.8.2

Add $x^{2}$ and $0$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 6 x^{2} + x^{2} - x + x - x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1)}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.8.3

Add $- x$ and $x$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 6 x^{2} + x^{2} + 0 - x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1)}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.8.4

Add $x^{2}$ and $0$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 6 x^{2} + x^{2} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} + x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1)}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.8.5

Add $- x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 6 x^{2} + x^{2} + 0 - 1)}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.8.6

Add $x^{2}$ and $0$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 6 x^{2} + x^{2} - 1)}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.12.9

Add $- 6 x^{2}$ and $x^{2}$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 5 x^{2} - 1)}{2} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.13

To write $\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 5 x^{2} - 1)}{2}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 5 x^{2} - 1)}{2} \cdot \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.14

Multiply $\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 5 x^{2} - 1)}{2}$ by $\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 5 x^{2} - 1) x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.15

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 5 x^{2} - 1) x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.16

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 14.3.16.1

Multiply $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 14.3.16.1.1

Move $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 5 x^{2} - 1) + 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.16.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2}} (- 5 x^{2} - 1) + 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.16.1.3

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{1 + 1}{2}} (- 5 x^{2} - 1) + 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.16.1.4

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{\frac{2}{2}} (- 5 x^{2} - 1) + 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.16.1.5

Divide $2$ by $2$ .

$\frac{\frac{x^{1} (- 5 x^{2} - 1) + 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.16.2

Simplify $x^{1} (- 5 x^{2} - 1)$ .

$\frac{\frac{x (- 5 x^{2} - 1) + 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.16.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{\frac{x (- 5 x^{2}) + x \cdot - 1 + 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.16.4

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{\frac{- 5 x \cdot x^{2} + x \cdot - 1 + 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.16.5

Move $- 1$ to the left of $x$ .

$\frac{\frac{- 5 x \cdot x^{2} - 1 \cdot x + 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.16.6

Simplify each term.

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Step 14.3.16.6.1

Multiply $x$ by $x^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 14.3.16.6.1.1

Move $x^{2}$ .

$\frac{\frac{- 5 (x^{2} x) - 1 \cdot x + 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.16.6.1.2

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x$ .

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Step 14.3.16.6.1.2.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{- 5 (x^{2} x^{1}) - 1 \cdot x + 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.16.6.1.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{\frac{- 5 x^{2 + 1} - 1 \cdot x + 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.16.6.1.3

Add $2$ and $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{- 5 x^{3} - 1 \cdot x + 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.16.6.2

Rewrite $- 1 x$ as $- x$ .

$\frac{\frac{- 5 x^{3} - x + 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.17

Factor $- 1$ out of $- 5 x^{3}$ .

$\frac{\frac{- (5 x^{3}) - x + 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.18

Factor $- 1$ out of $- x$ .

$\frac{\frac{- (5 x^{3}) - (x) + 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.19

Factor $- 1$ out of $- (5 x^{3}) - (x)$ .

$\frac{\frac{- (5 x^{3} + x) + 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.20

Rewrite $1$ as $- 1 (- 1)$ .

$\frac{\frac{- (5 x^{3} + x) - 1 (- 1)}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.21

Factor $- 1$ out of $- (5 x^{3} + x) - 1 (- 1)$ .

$\frac{\frac{- (5 x^{3} + x - 1)}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.22

Rewrite $- (5 x^{3} + x - 1)$ as $- 1 (5 x^{3} + x - 1)$ .

$\frac{\frac{- 1 (5 x^{3} + x - 1)}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.23

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{- \frac{5 x^{3} + x - 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.4

Combine terms.

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Step 14.4.1

Rewrite $\frac{- \frac{5 x^{3} + x - 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$ as a product.

$- \frac{5 x^{3} + x - 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot \frac{1}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 14.4.2

Multiply $\frac{1}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$ by $\frac{5 x^{3} + x - 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$- \frac{5 x^{3} + x - 1}{{(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2} (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}})}$

Step 14.4.3

Move $2$ to the left of ${(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}$ .

$- \frac{5 x^{3} + x - 1}{2 {(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2} x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 14.5

Reorder factors in $- \frac{5 x^{3} + x - 1}{2 {(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2} x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$- \frac{5 x^{3} + x - 1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(1 + x + x^{3})}^{2}}$