Calculus Examples

$y = \frac{1}{e^{3 x}}$

Step 1

Apply basic rules of exponents.

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Step 1.1

Rewrite $\frac{1}{e^{3 x}}$ as ${(e^{3 x})}^{- 1}$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [{(e^{3 x})}^{- 1}]$

Step 1.2

Multiply the exponents in ${(e^{3 x})}^{- 1}$ .

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Step 1.2.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [e^{3 x \cdot - 1}]$

Step 1.2.2

Multiply $- 1$ by $3$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [e^{- 3 x}]$

Step 2

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = e^{x}$ and $g (x) = - 3 x$ .

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Step 2.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u$ as $- 3 x$ .

$\frac{d}{d u} [e^{u}] \frac{d}{d x} [- 3 x]$

Step 2.2

Differentiate using the Exponential Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u} [a^{u}]$ is $a^{u} \ln (a)$ where $a$ = $e$ .

$e^{u} \frac{d}{d x} [- 3 x]$

Step 2.3

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $- 3 x$ .

$e^{- 3 x} \frac{d}{d x} [- 3 x]$

Step 3

Differentiate.

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Step 3.1

Since $- 3$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- 3 x$ with respect to $x$ is $- 3 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$e^{- 3 x} (- 3 \frac{d}{d x} [x])$

Step 3.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$e^{- 3 x} (- 3 \cdot 1)$

Step 3.3

Simplify the expression.

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Step 3.3.1

Multiply $- 3$ by $1$ .

$e^{- 3 x} \cdot - 3$

Step 3.3.2

Move $- 3$ to the left of $e^{- 3 x}$ .

$- 3 e^{- 3 x}$