Calculus Examples

$lim_{x \to - 1} \frac{4 x^{3} + 9 x^{2} - 3 x - 8}{2 x^{2} - 5 x + 1}$

Step 1

Split the limit using the Limits Quotient Rule on the limit as $x$ approaches $- 1$ .

$\frac{lim_{x \to - 1} 4 x^{3} + 9 x^{2} - 3 x - 8}{lim_{x \to - 1} 2 x^{2} - 5 x + 1}$

Step 2

Split the limit using the Sum of Limits Rule on the limit as $x$ approaches $- 1$ .

$\frac{lim_{x \to - 1} 4 x^{3} + lim_{x \to - 1} 9 x^{2} - lim_{x \to - 1} 3 x - lim_{x \to - 1} 8}{lim_{x \to - 1} 2 x^{2} - 5 x + 1}$

Step 3

Move the term $4$ outside of the limit because it is constant with respect to $x$ .

$\frac{4 lim_{x \to - 1} x^{3} + lim_{x \to - 1} 9 x^{2} - lim_{x \to - 1} 3 x - lim_{x \to - 1} 8}{lim_{x \to - 1} 2 x^{2} - 5 x + 1}$

Step 4

Move the exponent $3$ from $x^{3}$ outside the limit using the Limits Power Rule.

$\frac{4 {(lim_{x \to - 1} x)}^{3} + lim_{x \to - 1} 9 x^{2} - lim_{x \to - 1} 3 x - lim_{x \to - 1} 8}{lim_{x \to - 1} 2 x^{2} - 5 x + 1}$

Step 5

Move the term $9$ outside of the limit because it is constant with respect to $x$ .

$\frac{4 {(lim_{x \to - 1} x)}^{3} + 9 lim_{x \to - 1} x^{2} - lim_{x \to - 1} 3 x - lim_{x \to - 1} 8}{lim_{x \to - 1} 2 x^{2} - 5 x + 1}$

Step 6

Move the exponent $2$ from $x^{2}$ outside the limit using the Limits Power Rule.

$\frac{4 {(lim_{x \to - 1} x)}^{3} + 9 {(lim_{x \to - 1} x)}^{2} - lim_{x \to - 1} 3 x - lim_{x \to - 1} 8}{lim_{x \to - 1} 2 x^{2} - 5 x + 1}$

Step 7

Move the term $3$ outside of the limit because it is constant with respect to $x$ .

$\frac{4 {(lim_{x \to - 1} x)}^{3} + 9 {(lim_{x \to - 1} x)}^{2} - 3 lim_{x \to - 1} x - lim_{x \to - 1} 8}{lim_{x \to - 1} 2 x^{2} - 5 x + 1}$

Step 8

Evaluate the limit of $8$ which is constant as $x$ approaches $- 1$ .

$\frac{4 {(lim_{x \to - 1} x)}^{3} + 9 {(lim_{x \to - 1} x)}^{2} - 3 lim_{x \to - 1} x - 1 \cdot 8}{lim_{x \to - 1} 2 x^{2} - 5 x + 1}$

Step 9

Split the limit using the Sum of Limits Rule on the limit as $x$ approaches $- 1$ .

$\frac{4 {(lim_{x \to - 1} x)}^{3} + 9 {(lim_{x \to - 1} x)}^{2} - 3 lim_{x \to - 1} x - 1 \cdot 8}{lim_{x \to - 1} 2 x^{2} - lim_{x \to - 1} 5 x + lim_{x \to - 1} 1}$

Step 10

Move the term $2$ outside of the limit because it is constant with respect to $x$ .

$\frac{4 {(lim_{x \to - 1} x)}^{3} + 9 {(lim_{x \to - 1} x)}^{2} - 3 lim_{x \to - 1} x - 1 \cdot 8}{2 lim_{x \to - 1} x^{2} - lim_{x \to - 1} 5 x + lim_{x \to - 1} 1}$

Step 11

Move the exponent $2$ from $x^{2}$ outside the limit using the Limits Power Rule.

$\frac{4 {(lim_{x \to - 1} x)}^{3} + 9 {(lim_{x \to - 1} x)}^{2} - 3 lim_{x \to - 1} x - 1 \cdot 8}{2 {(lim_{x \to - 1} x)}^{2} - lim_{x \to - 1} 5 x + lim_{x \to - 1} 1}$

Step 12

Move the term $5$ outside of the limit because it is constant with respect to $x$ .

$\frac{4 {(lim_{x \to - 1} x)}^{3} + 9 {(lim_{x \to - 1} x)}^{2} - 3 lim_{x \to - 1} x - 1 \cdot 8}{2 {(lim_{x \to - 1} x)}^{2} - 5 lim_{x \to - 1} x + lim_{x \to - 1} 1}$

Step 13

Evaluate the limit of $1$ which is constant as $x$ approaches $- 1$ .

$\frac{4 {(lim_{x \to - 1} x)}^{3} + 9 {(lim_{x \to - 1} x)}^{2} - 3 lim_{x \to - 1} x - 1 \cdot 8}{2 {(lim_{x \to - 1} x)}^{2} - 5 lim_{x \to - 1} x + 1}$

Step 14

Evaluate the limits by plugging in $- 1$ for all occurrences of $x$ .

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Step 14.1