Calculus Examples

$y = {(\frac{3 x^{2} + 2}{x + 1})}^{7}$

Step 1

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{7}$ and $g (x) = \frac{3 x^{2} + 2}{x + 1}$ .

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Step 1.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u$ as $\frac{3 x^{2} + 2}{x + 1}$ .

$\frac{d}{d u} [u^{7}] \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{3 x^{2} + 2}{x + 1}]$

Step 1.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u} [u^{n}]$ is $n u^{n - 1}$ where $n = 7$ .

$7 u^{6} \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{3 x^{2} + 2}{x + 1}]$

Step 1.3

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $\frac{3 x^{2} + 2}{x + 1}$ .

$7 {(\frac{3 x^{2} + 2}{x + 1})}^{6} \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{3 x^{2} + 2}{x + 1}]$

Step 2

Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{f (x)}{g (x)}]$ is $\frac{g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)] - f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)]}{{g (x)}^{2}}$ where $f (x) = 3 x^{2} + 2$ and $g (x) = x + 1$ .

$7 {(\frac{3 x^{2} + 2}{x + 1})}^{6} \frac{(x + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [3 x^{2} + 2] - (3 x^{2} + 2) \frac{d}{d x} [x + 1]}{{(x + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 3

Differentiate.

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Step 3.1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $3 x^{2} + 2$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [3 x^{2}] + \frac{d}{d x} [2]$ .

$7 {(\frac{3 x^{2} + 2}{x + 1})}^{6} \frac{(x + 1) (\frac{d}{d x} [3 x^{2}] + \frac{d}{d x} [2]) - (3 x^{2} + 2) \frac{d}{d x} [x + 1]}{{(x + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 3.2

Since $3$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $3 x^{2}$ with respect to $x$ is $3 \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]$ .

$7 {(\frac{3 x^{2} + 2}{x + 1})}^{6} \frac{(x + 1) (3 \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}] + \frac{d}{d x} [2]) - (3 x^{2} + 2) \frac{d}{d x} [x + 1]}{{(x + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 3.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$7 {(\frac{3 x^{2} + 2}{x + 1})}^{6} \frac{(x + 1) (3 (2 x) + \frac{d}{d x} [2]) - (3 x^{2} + 2) \frac{d}{d x} [x + 1]}{{(x + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 3.4

Multiply $2$ by $3$ .

$7 {(\frac{3 x^{2} + 2}{x + 1})}^{6} \frac{(x + 1) (6 x + \frac{d}{d x} [2]) - (3 x^{2} + 2) \frac{d}{d x} [x + 1]}{{(x + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 3.5

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $2$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$7 {(\frac{3 x^{2} + 2}{x + 1})}^{6} \frac{(x + 1) (6 x + 0) - (3 x^{2} + 2) \frac{d}{d x} [x + 1]}{{(x + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 3.6

Simplify the expression.

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Step 3.6.1

Add $6 x$ and $0$ .

$7 {(\frac{3 x^{2} + 2}{x + 1})}^{6} \frac{(x + 1) (6 x) - (3 x^{2} + 2) \frac{d}{d x} [x + 1]}{{(x + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 3.6.2

Move $6$ to the left of $x + 1$ .

$7 {(\frac{3 x^{2} + 2}{x + 1})}^{6} \frac{6 \cdot (x + 1) x - (3 x^{2} + 2) \frac{d}{d x} [x + 1]}{{(x + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 3.7

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $x + 1$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [1]$ .

$7 {(\frac{3 x^{2} + 2}{x + 1})}^{6} \frac{6 (x + 1) x - (3 x^{2} + 2) (\frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [1])}{{(x + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 3.8

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$7 {(\frac{3 x^{2} + 2}{x + 1})}^{6} \frac{6 (x + 1) x - (3 x^{2} + 2) (1 + \frac{d}{d x} [1])}{{(x + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 3.9

Since $1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $1$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$7 {(\frac{3 x^{2} + 2}{x + 1})}^{6} \frac{6 (x + 1) x - (3 x^{2} + 2) (1 + 0)}{{(x + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 3.10

Combine fractions.

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Step 3.10.1

Add $1$ and $0$ .

$7 {(\frac{3 x^{2} + 2}{x + 1})}^{6} \frac{6 (x + 1) x - (3 x^{2} + 2) \cdot 1}{{(x + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 3.10.2

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

$7 {(\frac{3 x^{2} + 2}{x + 1})}^{6} \frac{6 (x + 1) x - (3 x^{2} + 2)}{{(x + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 3.10.3

Combine $\frac{6 (x + 1) x - (3 x^{2} + 2)}{{(x + 1)}^{2}}$ and $7$ .

$\frac{(6 (x + 1) x - (3 x^{2} + 2)) \cdot 7}{{(x + 1)}^{2}} {(\frac{3 x^{2} + 2}{x + 1})}^{6}$

Step 3.10.4

Move $7$ to the left of $6 (x + 1) x - (3 x^{2} + 2)$ .

$\frac{7 \cdot (6 (x + 1) x - (3 x^{2} + 2))}{{(x + 1)}^{2}} {(\frac{3 x^{2} + 2}{x + 1})}^{6}$

Step 4

Simplify.

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Step 4.1

Apply the product rule to $\frac{3 x^{2} + 2}{x + 1}$ .

$\frac{7 (6 (x + 1) x - (3 x^{2} + 2))}{{(x + 1)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(3 x^{2} + 2)}^{6}}{{(x + 1)}^{6}}$

Step 4.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{7 ((6 x + 6 \cdot 1) x - (3 x^{2} + 2))}{{(x + 1)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(3 x^{2} + 2)}^{6}}{{(x + 1)}^{6}}$

Step 4.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{7 (6 x \cdot x + 6 \cdot 1 x - (3 x^{2} + 2))}{{(x + 1)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(3 x^{2} + 2)}^{6}}{{(x + 1)}^{6}}$

Step 4.4

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{7 (6 x \cdot x + 6 \cdot 1 x - (3 x^{2}) - 1 \cdot 2)}{{(x + 1)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(3 x^{2} + 2)}^{6}}{{(x + 1)}^{6}}$

Step 4.5

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{7 (6 x \cdot x) + 7 (6 \cdot 1 x) + 7 (- (3 x^{2})) + 7 (- 1 \cdot 2)}{{(x + 1)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(3 x^{2} + 2)}^{6}}{{(x + 1)}^{6}}$

Step 4.6

Combine terms.

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Step 4.6.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{7 (6 (x^{1} x)) + 7 (6 \cdot 1 x) + 7 (- (3 x^{2})) + 7 (- 1 \cdot 2)}{{(x + 1)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(3 x^{2} + 2)}^{6}}{{(x + 1)}^{6}}$

Step 4.6.2

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{7 (6 (x^{1} x^{1})) + 7 (6 \cdot 1 x) + 7 (- (3 x^{2})) + 7 (- 1 \cdot 2)}{{(x + 1)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(3 x^{2} + 2)}^{6}}{{(x + 1)}^{6}}$

Step 4.6.3

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{7 (6 x^{1 + 1}) + 7 (6 \cdot 1 x) + 7 (- (3 x^{2})) + 7 (- 1 \cdot 2)}{{(x + 1)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(3 x^{2} + 2)}^{6}}{{(x + 1)}^{6}}$

Step 4.6.4

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{7 (6 x^{2}) + 7 (6 \cdot 1 x) + 7 (- (3 x^{2})) + 7 (- 1 \cdot 2)}{{(x + 1)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(3 x^{2} + 2)}^{6}}{{(x + 1)}^{6}}$

Step 4.6.5

Multiply $6$ by $7$ .

$\frac{42 x^{2} + 7 (6 \cdot 1 x) + 7 (- (3 x^{2})) + 7 (- 1 \cdot 2)}{{(x + 1)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(3 x^{2} + 2)}^{6}}{{(x + 1)}^{6}}$

Step 4.6.6

Multiply $6$ by $1$ .

$\frac{42 x^{2} + 7 (6 x) + 7 (- (3 x^{2})) + 7 (- 1 \cdot 2)}{{(x + 1)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(3 x^{2} + 2)}^{6}}{{(x + 1)}^{6}}$

Step 4.6.7

Multiply $6$ by $7$ .

$\frac{42 x^{2} + 42 x + 7 (- (3 x^{2})) + 7 (- 1 \cdot 2)}{{(x + 1)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(3 x^{2} + 2)}^{6}}{{(x + 1)}^{6}}$

Step 4.6.8

Multiply $3$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{42 x^{2} + 42 x + 7 (- 3 x^{2}) + 7 (- 1 \cdot 2)}{{(x + 1)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(3 x^{2} + 2)}^{6}}{{(x + 1)}^{6}}$

Step 4.6.9

Multiply $- 3$ by $7$ .

$\frac{42 x^{2} + 42 x - 21 x^{2} + 7 (- 1 \cdot 2)}{{(x + 1)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(3 x^{2} + 2)}^{6}}{{(x + 1)}^{6}}$

Step 4.6.10

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{42 x^{2} + 42 x - 21 x^{2} + 7 \cdot - 2}{{(x + 1)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(3 x^{2} + 2)}^{6}}{{(x + 1)}^{6}}$

Step 4.6.11

Multiply $7$ by $- 2$ .

$\frac{42 x^{2} + 42 x - 21 x^{2} - 14}{{(x + 1)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(3 x^{2} + 2)}^{6}}{{(x + 1)}^{6}}$

Step 4.6.12

Subtract $21 x^{2}$ from $42 x^{2}$ .

$\frac{21 x^{2} + 42 x - 14}{{(x + 1)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{(3 x^{2} + 2)}^{6}}{{(x + 1)}^{6}}$

Step 4.6.13

Multiply $\frac{21 x^{2} + 42 x - 14}{{(x + 1)}^{2}}$ by $\frac{{(3 x^{2} + 2)}^{6}}{{(x + 1)}^{6}}$ .

$\frac{(21 x^{2} + 42 x - 14) {(3 x^{2} + 2)}^{6}}{{(x + 1)}^{2} {(x + 1)}^{6}}$

Step 4.6.14

Multiply ${(x + 1)}^{2}$ by ${(x + 1)}^{6}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 4.6.14.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{(21 x^{2} + 42 x - 14) {(3 x^{2} + 2)}^{6}}{{(x + 1)}^{2 + 6}}$

Step 4.6.14.2

Add $2$ and $6$ .

$\frac{(21 x^{2} + 42 x - 14) {(3 x^{2} + 2)}^{6}}{{(x + 1)}^{8}}$

Step 4.7

Reorder terms.

$\frac{{(3 x^{2} + 2)}^{6} (21 x^{2} + 42 x - 14)}{{(x + 1)}^{8}}$

Step 4.8

Factor $7$ out of $21 x^{2} + 42 x - 14$ .

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Step 4.8.1

Factor $7$ out of $21 x^{2}$ .

$\frac{{(3 x^{2} + 2)}^{6} (7 (3 x^{2}) + 42 x - 14)}{{(x + 1)}^{8}}$

Step 4.8.2

Factor $7$ out of $42 x$ .

$\frac{{(3 x^{2} + 2)}^{6} (7 (3 x^{2}) + 7 (6 x) - 14)}{{(x + 1)}^{8}}$

Step 4.8.3

Factor $7$ out of $- 14$ .

$\frac{{(3 x^{2} + 2)}^{6} (7 (3 x^{2}) + 7 (6 x) + 7 (- 2))}{{(x + 1)}^{8}}$

Step 4.8.4

Factor $7$ out of $7 (3 x^{2}) + 7 (6 x)$ .

$\frac{{(3 x^{2} + 2)}^{6} (7 (3 x^{2} + 6 x) + 7 (- 2))}{{(x + 1)}^{8}}$

Step 4.8.5

Factor $7$ out of $7 (3 x^{2} + 6 x) + 7 (- 2)$ .

$\frac{{(3 x^{2} + 2)}^{6} (7 (3 x^{2} + 6 x - 2))}{{(x + 1)}^{8}}$

$\frac{{(3 x^{2} + 2)}^{6} \cdot 7 (3 x^{2} + 6 x - 2)}{{(x + 1)}^{8}}$

Step 4.9

Move $7$ to the left of ${(3 x^{2} + 2)}^{6}$ .

$\frac{7 {(3 x^{2} + 2)}^{6} (3 x^{2} + 6 x - 2)}{{(x + 1)}^{8}}$