Calculus Examples

$\int - (4 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{2} + 3 (x^{2} + x + 5) + 4) (2 x + 1) d x$

Step 1

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $- 1$ out of the integral.

$- \int (4 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{2} + 3 (x^{2} + x + 5) + 4) (2 x + 1) d x$

Step 2

Let $u = x^{2} + x + 5$ . Then $d u = (2 x + 1) d x$ , so $\frac{1}{2 x + 1} d u = d x$ . Rewrite using $u$ and $d$ $u$ .

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Step 2.1

Let $u = x^{2} + x + 5$ . Find $\frac{d u}{d x}$ .

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Step 2.1.1

Differentiate $x^{2} + x + 5$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} + x + 5]$

Step 2.1.2

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $x^{2} + x + 5$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}] + \frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [5]$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}] + \frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [5]$

Step 2.1.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$2 x + \frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [5]$

Step 2.1.4

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$2 x + 1 + \frac{d}{d x} [5]$

Step 2.1.5

Since $5$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $5$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$2 x + 1 + 0$

Step 2.1.6

Add $2 x + 1$ and $0$ .

$2 x + 1$

Step 2.2

Rewrite the problem using $u$ and $d u$ .

$- \int 4 u^{2} + 3 u + 4 d u$

Step 3

Split the single integral into multiple integrals.

$- (\int 4 u^{2} d u + \int 3 u d u + \int 4 d u)$

Step 4

Since $4$ is constant with respect to $u$ , move $4$ out of the integral.

$- (4 \int u^{2} d u + \int 3 u d u + \int 4 d u)$

Step 5

By the Power Rule, the integral of $u^{2}$ with respect to $u$ is $\frac{1}{3} u^{3}$ .

$- (4 (\frac{1}{3} u^{3} + C) + \int 3 u d u + \int 4 d u)$

Step 6

Since $3$ is constant with respect to $u$ , move $3$ out of the integral.

$- (4 (\frac{1}{3} u^{3} + C) + 3 \int u d u + \int 4 d u)$

Step 7

By the Power Rule, the integral of $u$ with respect to $u$ is $\frac{1}{2} u^{2}$ .

$- (4 (\frac{1}{3} u^{3} + C) + 3 (\frac{1}{2} u^{2} + C) + \int 4 d u)$

Step 8

Apply the constant rule.

$- (4 (\frac{1}{3} u^{3} + C) + 3 (\frac{1}{2} u^{2} + C) + 4 u + C)$

Step 9

Simplify.

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Step 9.1

Simplify.

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Step 9.1.1

Combine $\frac{1}{3}$ and $u^{3}$ .

$- (4 (\frac{u^{3}}{3} + C) + 3 (\frac{1}{2} u^{2} + C) + 4 u + C)$

Step 9.1.2

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $u^{2}$ .

$- (4 (\frac{u^{3}}{3} + C) + 3 (\frac{u^{2}}{2} + C) + 4 u + C)$

Step 9.2

Simplify.

$- (\frac{4 u^{3}}{3} + \frac{3 u^{2}}{2} + 4 u) + C$

Step 10

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $x^{2} + x + 5$ .

$- (\frac{4 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{3}}{3} + \frac{3 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{2}}{2} + 4 (x^{2} + x + 5)) + C$

Step 11

Simplify.

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Step 11.1

Find the common denominator.

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Step 11.1.1

Multiply $\frac{4 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{3}}{3}$ by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$- (\frac{4 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{3}}{3} \cdot \frac{2}{2} + \frac{3 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{2}}{2} + 4 (x^{2} + x + 5)) + C$

Step 11.1.2

Multiply $\frac{4 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{3}}{3}$ by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$- (\frac{4 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{3} \cdot 2}{3 \cdot 2} + \frac{3 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{2}}{2} + 4 (x^{2} + x + 5)) + C$

Step 11.1.3

Multiply $\frac{3 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{2}}{2}$ by $\frac{3}{3}$ .

$- (\frac{4 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{3} \cdot 2}{3 \cdot 2} + \frac{3 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{2}}{2} \cdot \frac{3}{3} + 4 (x^{2} + x + 5)) + C$

Step 11.1.4

Multiply $\frac{3 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{2}}{2}$ by $\frac{3}{3}$ .

$- (\frac{4 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{3} \cdot 2}{3 \cdot 2} + \frac{3 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{2} \cdot 3}{2 \cdot 3} + 4 (x^{2} + x + 5)) + C$

Step 11.1.5

Write $4 (x^{2} + x + 5)$ as a fraction with denominator $1$ .

$- (\frac{4 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{3} \cdot 2}{3 \cdot 2} + \frac{3 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{2} \cdot 3}{2 \cdot 3} + \frac{4 (x^{2} + x + 5)}{1}) + C$

Step 11.1.6

Multiply $\frac{4 (x^{2} + x + 5)}{1}$ by $\frac{6}{6}$ .

$- (\frac{4 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{3} \cdot 2}{3 \cdot 2} + \frac{3 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{2} \cdot 3}{2 \cdot 3} + \frac{4 (x^{2} + x + 5)}{1} \cdot \frac{6}{6}) + C$

Step 11.1.7

Multiply $\frac{4 (x^{2} + x + 5)}{1}$ by $\frac{6}{6}$ .

$- (\frac{4 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{3} \cdot 2}{3 \cdot 2} + \frac{3 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{2} \cdot 3}{2 \cdot 3} + \frac{4 (x^{2} + x + 5) \cdot 6}{6}) + C$

Step 11.1.8

Reorder the factors of $3 \cdot 2$ .

$- (\frac{4 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{3} \cdot 2}{2 \cdot 3} + \frac{3 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{2} \cdot 3}{2 \cdot 3} + \frac{4 (x^{2} + x + 5) \cdot 6}{6}) + C$

Step 11.1.9

Multiply $2$ by $3$ .

$- (\frac{4 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{3} \cdot 2}{6} + \frac{3 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{2} \cdot 3}{2 \cdot 3} + \frac{4 (x^{2} + x + 5) \cdot 6}{6}) + C$

Step 11.1.10

Multiply $2$ by $3$ .

$- (\frac{4 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{3} \cdot 2}{6} + \frac{3 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{2} \cdot 3}{6} + \frac{4 (x^{2} + x + 5) \cdot 6}{6}) + C$

Step 11.2

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$- \frac{4 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{3} \cdot 2 + 3 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{2} \cdot 3 + 4 (x^{2} + x + 5) \cdot 6}{6} + C$

Step 11.3

Reorder factors in $4 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{3} \cdot 2 + 3 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{2} \cdot 3 + 4 (x^{2} + x + 5) \cdot 6$ .

$- \frac{4 \cdot 2 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{3} + 3 \cdot 3 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{2} + 4 \cdot 6 (x^{2} + x + 5)}{6} + C$

Step 11.4

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 11.4.1

Factor $x^{2} + x + 5$ out of $4 \cdot 2 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{3} + 3 \cdot 3 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{2} + 4 \cdot 6 (x^{2} + x + 5)$ .

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Step 11.4.1.1

Factor $x^{2} + x + 5$ out of $4 \cdot 2 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{3}$ .

$- \frac{(x^{2} + x + 5) (4 \cdot 2 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{2}) + 3 \cdot 3 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{2} + 4 \cdot 6 (x^{2} + x + 5)}{6} + C$

Step 11.4.1.2

Factor $x^{2} + x + 5$ out of $3 \cdot 3 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{2}$ .

$- \frac{(x^{2} + x + 5) (4 \cdot 2 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{2}) + (x^{2} + x + 5) (3 \cdot 3 (x^{2} + x + 5)) + 4 \cdot 6 (x^{2} + x + 5)}{6} + C$

Step 11.4.1.3

Factor $x^{2} + x + 5$ out of $4 \cdot 6 (x^{2} + x + 5)$ .

$- \frac{(x^{2} + x + 5) (4 \cdot 2 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{2}) + (x^{2} + x + 5) (3 \cdot 3 (x^{2} + x + 5)) + (x^{2} + x + 5) (4 \cdot 6)}{6} + C$

Step 11.4.1.4

Factor $x^{2} + x + 5$ out of $(x^{2} + x + 5) (4 \cdot 2 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{2}) + (x^{2} + x + 5) (3 \cdot 3 (x^{2} + x + 5))$ .

$- \frac{(x^{2} + x + 5) (4 \cdot 2 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{2} + 3 \cdot 3 (x^{2} + x + 5)) + (x^{2} + x + 5) (4 \cdot 6)}{6} + C$

Step 11.4.1.5

Factor $x^{2} + x + 5$ out of $(x^{2} + x + 5) (4 \cdot 2 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{2} + 3 \cdot 3 (x^{2} + x + 5)) + (x^{2} + x + 5) (4 \cdot 6)$ .

$- \frac{(x^{2} + x + 5) (4 \cdot 2 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{2} + 3 \cdot 3 (x^{2} + x + 5) + 4 \cdot 6)}{6} + C$

Step 11.4.2

Multiply $4$ by $2$ .

$- \frac{(x^{2} + x + 5) (8 {(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{2} + 3 \cdot 3 (x^{2} + x + 5) + 4 \cdot 6)}{6} + C$

Step 11.4.3

Rewrite ${(x^{2} + x + 5)}^{2}$ as $(x^{2} + x + 5) (x^{2} + x + 5)$ .

$- \frac{(x^{2} + x + 5) (8 ((x^{2} + x + 5) (x^{2} + x + 5)) + 3 \cdot 3 (x^{2} + x + 5) + 4 \cdot 6)}{6} + C$

Step 11.4.4

Expand $(x^{2} + x + 5) (x^{2} + x + 5)$ by multiplying each term in the first expression by each term in the second expression.

$- \frac{(x^{2} + x + 5) (8 (x^{2} x^{2} + x^{2} x + x^{2} \cdot 5 + x \cdot x^{2} + x \cdot x + x \cdot 5 + 5 x^{2} + 5 x + 5 \cdot 5) + 3 \cdot 3 (x^{2} + x + 5) + 4 \cdot 6)}{6} + C$

Step 11.4.5

Simplify each term.

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Step 11.4.5.1

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 11.4.5.1.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$- \frac{(x^{2} + x + 5) (8 (x^{2 + 2} + x^{2} x + x^{2} \cdot 5 + x \cdot x^{2} + x \cdot x + x \cdot 5 + 5 x^{2} + 5 x + 5 \cdot 5) + 3 \cdot 3 (x^{2} + x + 5) + 4 \cdot 6)}{6} + C$

Step 11.4.5.1.2

Add $2$ and $2$ .

$- \frac{(x^{2} + x + 5) (8 (x^{4} + x^{2} x + x^{2} \cdot 5 + x \cdot x^{2} + x \cdot x + x \cdot 5 + 5 x^{2} + 5 x + 5 \cdot 5) + 3 \cdot 3 (x^{2} + x + 5) + 4 \cdot 6)}{6} + C$

Step 11.4.5.2

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 11.4.5.2.1

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x$ .

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Step 11.4.5.2.1.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$- \frac{(x^{2} + x + 5) (8 (x^{4} + x^{2} x^{1} + x^{2} \cdot 5 + x \cdot x^{2} + x \cdot x + x \cdot 5 + 5 x^{2} + 5 x + 5 \cdot 5) + 3 \cdot 3 (x^{2} + x + 5) + 4 \cdot 6)}{6} + C$

Step 11.4.5.2.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$- \frac{(x^{2} + x + 5) (8 (x^{4} + x^{2 + 1} + x^{2} \cdot 5 + x \cdot x^{2} + x \cdot x + x \cdot 5 + 5 x^{2} + 5 x + 5 \cdot 5) + 3 \cdot 3 (x^{2} + x + 5) + 4 \cdot 6)}{6} + C$

Step 11.4.5.2.2

Add $2$ and $1$ .

$- \frac{(x^{2} + x + 5) (8 (x^{4} + x^{3} + x^{2} \cdot 5 + x \cdot x^{2} + x \cdot x + x \cdot 5 + 5 x^{2} + 5 x + 5 \cdot 5) + 3 \cdot 3 (x^{2} + x + 5) + 4 \cdot 6)}{6} + C$

Step 11.4.5.3

Move $5$ to the left of $x^{2}$ .

$- \frac{(x^{2} + x + 5) (8 (x^{4} + x^{3} + 5 \cdot x^{2} + x \cdot x^{2} + x \cdot x + x \cdot 5 + 5 x^{2} + 5 x + 5 \cdot 5) + 3 \cdot 3 (x^{2} + x + 5) + 4 \cdot 6)}{6} + C$

Step 11.4.5.4

Multiply $x$ by $x^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 11.4.5.4.1

Multiply $x$ by $x^{2}$ .

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Step 11.4.5.4.1.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$- \frac{(x^{2} + x + 5) (8 (x^{4} + x^{3} + 5 x^{2} + x^{1} x^{2} + x \cdot x + x \cdot 5 + 5 x^{2} + 5 x + 5 \cdot 5) + 3 \cdot 3 (x^{2} + x + 5) + 4 \cdot 6)}{6} + C$

Step 11.4.5.4.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$- \frac{(x^{2} + x + 5) (8 (x^{4} + x^{3} + 5 x^{2} + x^{1 + 2} + x \cdot x + x \cdot 5 + 5 x^{2} + 5 x + 5 \cdot 5) + 3 \cdot 3 (x^{2} + x + 5) + 4 \cdot 6)}{6} + C$

Step 11.4.5.4.2

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$- \frac{(x^{2} + x + 5) (8 (x^{4} + x^{3} + 5 x^{2} + x^{3} + x \cdot x + x \cdot 5 + 5 x^{2} + 5 x + 5 \cdot 5) + 3 \cdot 3 (x^{2} + x + 5) + 4 \cdot 6)}{6} + C$

Step 11.4.5.5

Move $5$ to the left of $x$ .

$- \frac{(x^{2} + x + 5) (8 (x^{4} + x^{3} + 5 x^{2} + x^{3} + x \cdot x + 5 \cdot x + 5 x^{2} + 5 x + 5 \cdot 5) + 3 \cdot 3 (x^{2} + x + 5) + 4 \cdot 6)}{6} + C$

Step 11.4.5.6

Multiply $5$ by $5$ .

$- \frac{(x^{2} + x + 5) (8 (x^{4} + x^{3} + 5 x^{2} + x^{3} + x \cdot x + 5 x + 5 x^{2} + 5 x + 25) + 3 \cdot 3 (x^{2} + x + 5) + 4 \cdot 6)}{6} + C$

Step 11.4.6

Add $x^{3}$ and $x^{3}$ .

$- \frac{(x^{2} + x + 5) (8 (x^{4} + 2 x^{3} + 5 x^{2} + x \cdot x + 5 x + 5 x^{2} + 5 x + 25) + 3 \cdot 3 (x^{2} + x + 5) + 4 \cdot 6)}{6} + C$

Step 11.4.7

Add $5 x^{2}$ and $5 x^{2}$ .

$- \frac{(x^{2} + x + 5) (8 (x^{4} + 2 x^{3} + 10 x^{2} + x \cdot x + 5 x + 5 x + 25) + 3 \cdot 3 (x^{2} + x + 5) + 4 \cdot 6)}{6} + C$

Step 11.4.8

Add $5 x$ and $5 x$ .

$- \frac{(x^{2} + x + 5) (8 (x^{4} + 2 x^{3} + 10 x^{2} + x \cdot x + 10 x + 25) + 3 \cdot 3 (x^{2} + x + 5) + 4 \cdot 6)}{6} + C$

Step 11.4.9

Multiply $8 (x^{4} + 2 x^{3} + 10 x^{2} + x \cdot x + 10 x + 25)$ .

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Step 11.4.9.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$- \frac{(x^{2} + x + 5) (8 (x^{4} + 2 x^{3} + 10 x^{2} + x^{1} x + 10 x + 25) + 3 \cdot 3 (x^{2} + x + 5) + 4 \cdot 6)}{6} + C$

Step 11.4.9.2

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$- \frac{(x^{2} + x + 5) (8 (x^{4} + 2 x^{3} + 10 x^{2} + x^{1} x^{1} + 10 x + 25) + 3 \cdot 3 (x^{2} + x + 5) + 4 \cdot 6)}{6} + C$

Step 11.4.9.3

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$- \frac{(x^{2} + x + 5) (8 (x^{4} + 2 x^{3} + 10 x^{2} + x^{1 + 1} + 10 x + 25) + 3 \cdot 3 (x^{2} + x + 5) + 4 \cdot 6)}{6} + C$

Step 11.4.9.4

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$- \frac{(x^{2} + x + 5) (8 (x^{4} + 2 x^{3} + 10 x^{2} + x^{2} + 10 x + 25) + 3 \cdot 3 (x^{2} + x + 5) + 4 \cdot 6)}{6} + C$

Step 11.4.10

Add $10 x^{2}$ and $x^{2}$ .

$- \frac{(x^{2} + x + 5) (8 (x^{4} + 2 x^{3} + 11 x^{2} + 10 x + 25) + 3 \cdot 3 (x^{2} + x + 5) + 4 \cdot 6)}{6} + C$

Step 11.4.11

Apply the distributive property.

$- \frac{(x^{2} + x + 5) (8 x^{4} + 8 (2 x^{3}) + 8 (11 x^{2}) + 8 (10 x) + 8 \cdot 25 + 3 \cdot 3 (x^{2} + x + 5) + 4 \cdot 6)}{6} + C$

Step 11.4.12

Simplify.

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Step 11.4.12.1

Multiply $2$ by $8$ .

$- \frac{(x^{2} + x + 5) (8 x^{4} + 16 x^{3} + 8 (11 x^{2}) + 8 (10 x) + 8 \cdot 25 + 3 \cdot 3 (x^{2} + x + 5) + 4 \cdot 6)}{6} + C$

Step 11.4.12.2

Multiply $11$ by $8$ .

$- \frac{(x^{2} + x + 5) (8 x^{4} + 16 x^{3} + 88 x^{2} + 8 (10 x) + 8 \cdot 25 + 3 \cdot 3 (x^{2} + x + 5) + 4 \cdot 6)}{6} + C$

Step 11.4.12.3

Multiply $10$ by $8$ .

$- \frac{(x^{2} + x + 5) (8 x^{4} + 16 x^{3} + 88 x^{2} + 80 x + 8 \cdot 25 + 3 \cdot 3 (x^{2} + x + 5) + 4 \cdot 6)}{6} + C$

Step 11.4.12.4

Multiply $8$ by $25$ .

$- \frac{(x^{2} + x + 5) (8 x^{4} + 16 x^{3} + 88 x^{2} + 80 x + 200 + 3 \cdot 3 (x^{2} + x + 5) + 4 \cdot 6)}{6} + C$

Step 11.4.13

Multiply $3$ by $3$ .

$- \frac{(x^{2} + x + 5) (8 x^{4} + 16 x^{3} + 88 x^{2} + 80 x + 200 + 9 (x^{2} + x + 5) + 4 \cdot 6)}{6} + C$

Step 11.4.14

Apply the distributive property.

$- \frac{(x^{2} + x + 5) (8 x^{4} + 16 x^{3} + 88 x^{2} + 80 x + 200 + 9 x^{2} + 9 x + 9 \cdot 5 + 4 \cdot 6)}{6} + C$

Step 11.4.15

Multiply $9$ by $5$ .

$- \frac{(x^{2} + x + 5) (8 x^{4} + 16 x^{3} + 88 x^{2} + 80 x + 200 + 9 x^{2} + 9 x + 45 + 4 \cdot 6)}{6} + C$

Step 11.4.16

Multiply $4$ by $6$ .

$- \frac{(x^{2} + x + 5) (8 x^{4} + 16 x^{3} + 88 x^{2} + 80 x + 200 + 9 x^{2} + 9 x + 45 + 24)}{6} + C$

Step 11.4.17

Add $88 x^{2}$ and $9 x^{2}$ .

$- \frac{(x^{2} + x + 5) (8 x^{4} + 16 x^{3} + 97 x^{2} + 80 x + 200 + 9 x + 45 + 24)}{6} + C$

Step 11.4.18

Add $80 x$ and $9 x$ .

$- \frac{(x^{2} + x + 5) (8 x^{4} + 16 x^{3} + 97 x^{2} + 89 x + 200 + 45 + 24)}{6} + C$

Step 11.4.19

Add $200$ and $45$ .

$- \frac{(x^{2} + x + 5) (8 x^{4} + 16 x^{3} + 97 x^{2} + 89 x + 245 + 24)}{6} + C$

Step 11.4.20

Add $245$ and $24$ .

$- \frac{(x^{2} + x + 5) (8 x^{4} + 16 x^{3} + 97 x^{2} + 89 x + 269)}{6} + C$