Calculus Examples

$\frac{\sqrt{x}}{1 + \sqrt{x}}$

Step 1

Apply basic rules of exponents.

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Step 1.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{x}$ as $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 + \sqrt{x}}]$

Step 1.2

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{x}$ as $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}}]$

Step 2

Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{f (x)}{g (x)}]$ is $\frac{g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)] - f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)]}{{g (x)}^{2}}$ where $f (x) = x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $g (x) = 1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}] - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = \frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}) (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2} - 1}) - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 4

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}) (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2}}) - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 5

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}) (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2}}) - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 6

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}) (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1 - 1 \cdot 2}{2}}) - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 7

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 7.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}) (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1 - 2}{2}}) - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 7.2

Subtract $2$ from $1$ .

$\frac{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}) (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{- 1}{2}}) - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 8

Combine fractions.

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Step 8.1

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}) (\frac{1}{2} x^{- \frac{1}{2}}) - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 8.2

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{x^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 8.3

Move $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$\frac{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 9

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [1] + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}]$ .

$\frac{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{d}{d x} [1] + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}])}{{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 10

Since $1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $1$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$\frac{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} (0 + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}])}{{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 11

Add $0$ and $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}]$ .

$\frac{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 12

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = \frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2} - 1})}{{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 13

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2}})}{{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 14

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2}})}{{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 15

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1 - 1 \cdot 2}{2}})}{{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 16

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 16.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1 - 2}{2}})}{{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 16.2

Subtract $2$ from $1$ .

$\frac{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{- 1}{2}})}{{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 17

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{1}{2} x^{- \frac{1}{2}})}{{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 18

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{x^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2}}{{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 19

Combine $\frac{x^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2}$ and $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - \frac{x^{- \frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2}}{{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 20

Multiply $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ by $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 20.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - \frac{x^{- \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2}}}{2}}{{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 20.2

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - \frac{x^{\frac{- 1 + 1}{2}}}{2}}{{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 20.3

Add $- 1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - \frac{x^{\frac{0}{2}}}{2}}{{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 20.4

Divide $0$ by $2$ .

$\frac{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - \frac{x^{0}}{2}}{{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 21

Simplify $x^{0}$ .

$\frac{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - \frac{1}{2}}{{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 22

To write $(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot \frac{2}{2} - \frac{1}{2}}{{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 23

Combine $(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{\frac{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot 2}{2} - \frac{1}{2}}{{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 24

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{\frac{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot 2 - 1}{2}}{{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 25

Combine $2$ and $\frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{\frac{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{2}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - 1}{2}}{{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 26

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{\frac{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{2}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - 1}{2}}{{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 27

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{\frac{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - 1}{2}}{{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 28

Rewrite $\frac{\frac{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - 1}{2}}{{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$ as a product.

$\frac{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - 1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 29

Multiply $\frac{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - 1}{2}$ by $\frac{1}{{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$ .

$\frac{(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - 1}{2 {(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 30

Simplify.

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Step 30.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{1 \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - 1}{2 {(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 30.2

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 30.2.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 30.2.1.1

Multiply $\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - 1}{2 {(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 30.2.1.2

Cancel the common factor of $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

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Step 30.2.1.2.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - 1}{2 {(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 30.2.1.2.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + 1 - 1}{2 {(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 30.2.2

Combine the opposite terms in $\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + 1 - 1$ .

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Step 30.2.2.1

Subtract $1$ from $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + 0}{2 {(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 30.2.2.2

Add $\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ and $0$ .

$\frac{\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{2 {(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 30.3

Combine terms.

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Step 30.3.1

Rewrite $\frac{\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{2 {(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$ as a product.

$\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot \frac{1}{2 {(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 30.3.2

Multiply $\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ by $\frac{1}{2 {(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (2 {(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2})}$

Step 30.4

Reorder terms.

$\frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$