Calculus Examples

$3 x + 8 x^{3} + x^{- 3} + 5 x^{2}$

Step 1

Write $3 x + 8 x^{3} + x^{- 3} + 5 x^{2}$ as a function.

$f (x) = 3 x + 8 x^{3} + x^{- 3} + 5 x^{2}$

Step 2

The function $F (x)$ can be found by finding the indefinite integral of the derivative $f (x)$ .

$F (x) = \int f (x) d x$

Step 3

Set up the integral to solve.

$F (x) = \int 3 x + 8 x^{3} + x^{- 3} + 5 x^{2} d x$

Step 4

Split the single integral into multiple integrals.

$\int 3 x d x + \int 8 x^{3} d x + \int x^{- 3} d x + \int 5 x^{2} d x$

Step 5

Since $3$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $3$ out of the integral.

$3 \int x d x + \int 8 x^{3} d x + \int x^{- 3} d x + \int 5 x^{2} d x$

Step 6

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{2} x^{2}$ .

$3 (\frac{1}{2} x^{2} + C) + \int 8 x^{3} d x + \int x^{- 3} d x + \int 5 x^{2} d x$

Step 7

Since $8$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $8$ out of the integral.

$3 (\frac{1}{2} x^{2} + C) + 8 \int x^{3} d x + \int x^{- 3} d x + \int 5 x^{2} d x$

Step 8

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x^{3}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{4} x^{4}$ .

$3 (\frac{1}{2} x^{2} + C) + 8 (\frac{1}{4} x^{4} + C) + \int x^{- 3} d x + \int 5 x^{2} d x$

Step 9

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x^{- 3}$ with respect to $x$ is $- \frac{1}{2} x^{- 2}$ .

$3 (\frac{1}{2} x^{2} + C) + 8 (\frac{1}{4} x^{4} + C) - \frac{1}{2} x^{- 2} + C + \int 5 x^{2} d x$

Step 10

Simplify.

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Step 10.1

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $x^{2}$ .

$3 (\frac{x^{2}}{2} + C) + 8 (\frac{1}{4} x^{4} + C) - \frac{1}{2} x^{- 2} + C + \int 5 x^{2} d x$

Step 10.2

Combine $\frac{1}{4}$ and $x^{4}$ .

$3 (\frac{x^{2}}{2} + C) + 8 (\frac{x^{4}}{4} + C) - \frac{1}{2} x^{- 2} + C + \int 5 x^{2} d x$

Step 11

Since $5$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $5$ out of the integral.

$3 (\frac{x^{2}}{2} + C) + 8 (\frac{x^{4}}{4} + C) - \frac{1}{2} x^{- 2} + C + 5 \int x^{2} d x$

Step 12

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x^{2}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{3} x^{3}$ .

$3 (\frac{x^{2}}{2} + C) + 8 (\frac{x^{4}}{4} + C) - \frac{1}{2} x^{- 2} + C + 5 (\frac{1}{3} x^{3} + C)$

Step 13

Simplify.

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Step 13.1

Combine $\frac{1}{3}$ and $x^{3}$ .

$3 (\frac{x^{2}}{2} + C) + 8 (\frac{x^{4}}{4} + C) - \frac{1}{2} x^{- 2} + C + 5 (\frac{x^{3}}{3} + C)$

Step 13.2

Simplify.

$\frac{3 x^{2}}{2} + 2 x^{4} - \frac{1}{2 x^{2}} + 5 \frac{x^{3}}{3} + C$

Step 13.3

Combine fractions.

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Step 13.3.1

Combine $5$ and $\frac{x^{3}}{3}$ .

$\frac{3 x^{2}}{2} + 2 x^{4} - \frac{1}{2 x^{2}} + \frac{5 x^{3}}{3} + C$

Step 13.3.2

Reorder terms.

$\frac{3}{2} x^{2} + 2 x^{4} - \frac{1}{2 x^{2}} + \frac{5}{3} x^{3} + C$

Step 14

The answer is the antiderivative of the function $f (x) = 3 x + 8 x^{3} + x^{- 3} + 5 x^{2}$ .

$F (x) =$ $\frac{3}{2} x^{2} + 2 x^{4} - \frac{1}{2 x^{2}} + \frac{5}{3} x^{3} + C$