Calculus Examples

$f (x) = 2 \sqrt[3]{x} - \frac{2}{x^{4}} + 5 x^{3} - \frac{8}{\sqrt{x}} - 1$

Step 1

The function $F (x)$ can be found by finding the indefinite integral of the derivative $f (x)$ .

$F (x) = \int f (x) d x$

Step 2

Set up the integral to solve.

$F (x) = \int 2 \sqrt[3]{x} - \frac{2}{x^{4}} + 5 x^{3} - \frac{8}{\sqrt{x}} - 1 d x$

Step 3

Split the single integral into multiple integrals.

$\int 2 \sqrt[3]{x} d x + \int - \frac{2}{x^{4}} d x + \int 5 x^{3} d x + \int - \frac{8}{\sqrt{x}} d x + \int - 1 d x$

Step 4

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $2$ out of the integral.

$2 \int \sqrt[3]{x} d x + \int - \frac{2}{x^{4}} d x + \int 5 x^{3} d x + \int - \frac{8}{\sqrt{x}} d x + \int - 1 d x$

Step 5

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt[3]{x}$ as $x^{\frac{1}{3}}$ .

$2 \int x^{\frac{1}{3}} d x + \int - \frac{2}{x^{4}} d x + \int 5 x^{3} d x + \int - \frac{8}{\sqrt{x}} d x + \int - 1 d x$

Step 6

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x^{\frac{1}{3}}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{3}{4} x^{\frac{4}{3}}$ .

$2 (\frac{3}{4} x^{\frac{4}{3}} + C) + \int - \frac{2}{x^{4}} d x + \int 5 x^{3} d x + \int - \frac{8}{\sqrt{x}} d x + \int - 1 d x$

Step 7

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $- 1$ out of the integral.

$2 (\frac{3}{4} x^{\frac{4}{3}} + C) - \int \frac{2}{x^{4}} d x + \int 5 x^{3} d x + \int - \frac{8}{\sqrt{x}} d x + \int - 1 d x$

Step 8

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $2$ out of the integral.

$2 (\frac{3}{4} x^{\frac{4}{3}} + C) - (2 \int \frac{1}{x^{4}} d x) + \int 5 x^{3} d x + \int - \frac{8}{\sqrt{x}} d x + \int - 1 d x$

Step 9

Simplify the expression.

Tap for more steps...

Step 9.1

Simplify.

Tap for more steps...

Step 9.1.1

Combine $\frac{3}{4}$ and $x^{\frac{4}{3}}$ .

$2 (\frac{3 x^{\frac{4}{3}}}{4} + C) - (2 \int \frac{1}{x^{4}} d x) + \int 5 x^{3} d x + \int - \frac{8}{\sqrt{x}} d x + \int - 1 d x$

Step 9.1.2

Multiply $2$ by $- 1$ .

$2 (\frac{3 x^{\frac{4}{3}}}{4} + C) - 2 \int \frac{1}{x^{4}} d x + \int 5 x^{3} d x + \int - \frac{8}{\sqrt{x}} d x + \int - 1 d x$

Step 9.2

Apply basic rules of exponents.

Tap for more steps...

Step 9.2.1

Move $x^{4}$ out of the denominator by raising it to the $- 1$ power.

$2 (\frac{3 x^{\frac{4}{3}}}{4} + C) - 2 \int {(x^{4})}^{- 1} d x + \int 5 x^{3} d x + \int - \frac{8}{\sqrt{x}} d x + \int - 1 d x$

Step 9.2.2

Multiply the exponents in ${(x^{4})}^{- 1}$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 9.2.2.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$2 (\frac{3 x^{\frac{4}{3}}}{4} + C) - 2 \int x^{4 \cdot - 1} d x + \int 5 x^{3} d x + \int - \frac{8}{\sqrt{x}} d x + \int - 1 d x$

Step 9.2.2.2

Multiply $4$ by $- 1$ .

$2 (\frac{3 x^{\frac{4}{3}}}{4} + C) - 2 \int x^{- 4} d x + \int 5 x^{3} d x + \int - \frac{8}{\sqrt{x}} d x + \int - 1 d x$

Step 10

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x^{- 4}$ with respect to $x$ is $- \frac{1}{3} x^{- 3}$ .

$2 (\frac{3 x^{\frac{4}{3}}}{4} + C) - 2 (- \frac{1}{3} x^{- 3} + C) + \int 5 x^{3} d x + \int - \frac{8}{\sqrt{x}} d x + \int - 1 d x$

Step 11

Simplify.

Tap for more steps...

Step 11.1

Combine $x^{- 3}$ and $\frac{1}{3}$ .

$2 (\frac{3 x^{\frac{4}{3}}}{4} + C) - 2 (- \frac{x^{- 3}}{3} + C) + \int 5 x^{3} d x + \int - \frac{8}{\sqrt{x}} d x + \int - 1 d x$

Step 11.2

Move $x^{- 3}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$2 (\frac{3 x^{\frac{4}{3}}}{4} + C) - 2 (- \frac{1}{3 x^{3}} + C) + \int 5 x^{3} d x + \int - \frac{8}{\sqrt{x}} d x + \int - 1 d x$

Step 12

Since $5$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $5$ out of the integral.

$2 (\frac{3 x^{\frac{4}{3}}}{4} + C) - 2 (- \frac{1}{3 x^{3}} + C) + 5 \int x^{3} d x + \int - \frac{8}{\sqrt{x}} d x + \int - 1 d x$

Step 13

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x^{3}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{4} x^{4}$ .

$2 (\frac{3 x^{\frac{4}{3}}}{4} + C) - 2 (- \frac{1}{3 x^{3}} + C) + 5 (\frac{1}{4} x^{4} + C) + \int - \frac{8}{\sqrt{x}} d x + \int - 1 d x$

Step 14

Combine $\frac{1}{4}$ and $x^{4}$ .

$2 (\frac{3 x^{\frac{4}{3}}}{4} + C) - 2 (- \frac{1}{3 x^{3}} + C) + 5 (\frac{x^{4}}{4} + C) + \int - \frac{8}{\sqrt{x}} d x + \int - 1 d x$

Step 15

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $- 1$ out of the integral.

$2 (\frac{3 x^{\frac{4}{3}}}{4} + C) - 2 (- \frac{1}{3 x^{3}} + C) + 5 (\frac{x^{4}}{4} + C) - \int \frac{8}{\sqrt{x}} d x + \int - 1 d x$

Step 16

Since $8$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $8$ out of the integral.

$2 (\frac{3 x^{\frac{4}{3}}}{4} + C) - 2 (- \frac{1}{3 x^{3}} + C) + 5 (\frac{x^{4}}{4} + C) - (8 \int \frac{1}{\sqrt{x}} d x) + \int - 1 d x$

Step 17

Simplify the expression.

Tap for more steps...

Step 17.1

Multiply $8$ by $- 1$ .

$2 (\frac{3 x^{\frac{4}{3}}}{4} + C) - 2 (- \frac{1}{3 x^{3}} + C) + 5 (\frac{x^{4}}{4} + C) - 8 \int \frac{1}{\sqrt{x}} d x + \int - 1 d x$

Step 17.2

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{x}$ as $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$2 (\frac{3 x^{\frac{4}{3}}}{4} + C) - 2 (- \frac{1}{3 x^{3}} + C) + 5 (\frac{x^{4}}{4} + C) - 8 \int \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} d x + \int - 1 d x$

Step 17.3

Move $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ out of the denominator by raising it to the $- 1$ power.

$2 (\frac{3 x^{\frac{4}{3}}}{4} + C) - 2 (- \frac{1}{3 x^{3}} + C) + 5 (\frac{x^{4}}{4} + C) - 8 \int {(x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{- 1} d x + \int - 1 d x$

Step 17.4

Multiply the exponents in ${(x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{- 1}$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 17.4.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$2 (\frac{3 x^{\frac{4}{3}}}{4} + C) - 2 (- \frac{1}{3 x^{3}} + C) + 5 (\frac{x^{4}}{4} + C) - 8 \int x^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot - 1} d x + \int - 1 d x$

Step 17.4.2

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $- 1$ .

$2 (\frac{3 x^{\frac{4}{3}}}{4} + C) - 2 (- \frac{1}{3 x^{3}} + C) + 5 (\frac{x^{4}}{4} + C) - 8 \int x^{\frac{- 1}{2}} d x + \int - 1 d x$

Step 17.4.3

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$2 (\frac{3 x^{\frac{4}{3}}}{4} + C) - 2 (- \frac{1}{3 x^{3}} + C) + 5 (\frac{x^{4}}{4} + C) - 8 \int x^{- \frac{1}{2}} d x + \int - 1 d x$

Step 18

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ with respect to $x$ is $2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$2 (\frac{3 x^{\frac{4}{3}}}{4} + C) - 2 (- \frac{1}{3 x^{3}} + C) + 5 (\frac{x^{4}}{4} + C) - 8 (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + C) + \int - 1 d x$

Step 19

Apply the constant rule.

$2 (\frac{3 x^{\frac{4}{3}}}{4} + C) - 2 (- \frac{1}{3 x^{3}} + C) + 5 (\frac{x^{4}}{4} + C) - 8 (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} + C) - x + C$

Step 20

Simplify.

Tap for more steps...

Step 20.1

Simplify.

$\frac{3 x^{\frac{4}{3}}}{2} + \frac{2}{3 x^{3}} + \frac{5 x^{4}}{4} - 16 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - x + C$

Step 20.2

Reorder terms.

$\frac{3}{2} x^{\frac{4}{3}} + \frac{2}{3 x^{3}} + \frac{5}{4} x^{4} - 16 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - x + C$

Step 21

The answer is the antiderivative of the function $f (x) = 2 \sqrt[3]{x} - \frac{2}{x^{4}} + 5 x^{3} - \frac{8}{\sqrt{x}} - 1$ .

$F (x) =$ $\frac{3}{2} x^{\frac{4}{3}} + \frac{2}{3 x^{3}} + \frac{5}{4} x^{4} - 16 x^{\frac{1}{2}} - x + C$