Calculus Examples

$\int 5 x (2 x + 5) (x - 3) d x$

Step 1

Since $5$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $5$ out of the integral.

$5 \int (x (2 x + 5)) (x - 3) d x$

Step 2

Let $u = x - 3$ . Then $d u = d x$ . Rewrite using $u$ and $d$ $u$ .

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Step 2.1

Let $u = x - 3$ . Find $\frac{d u}{d x}$ .

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Step 2.1.1

Differentiate $x - 3$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [x - 3]$

Step 2.1.2

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $x - 3$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 3]$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 3]$

Step 2.1.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$1 + \frac{d}{d x} [- 3]$

Step 2.1.4

Since $- 3$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- 3$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$1 + 0$

Step 2.1.5

Add $1$ and $0$ .

$1$

$1$

Step 2.2

Rewrite the problem using $u$ and $d u$ .

$5 \int (u + 3) (2 (u + 3) + 5) u d u$

$5 \int (u + 3) (2 (u + 3) + 5) u d u$

Step 3

Simplify.

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Step 3.1

Apply the distributive property.

$5 \int (u + 3) (2 u + 2 \cdot 3 + 5) u d u$

Step 3.2

Apply the distributive property.

$5 \int (u (2 u + 2 \cdot 3 + 5) + 3 (2 u + 2 \cdot 3 + 5)) u d u$

Step 3.3

Apply the distributive property.

$5 \int (u (2 u + 2 \cdot 3) + u \cdot 5 + 3 (2 u + 2 \cdot 3 + 5)) u d u$

Step 3.4

Apply the distributive property.

$5 \int (u (2 u) + u (2 \cdot 3) + u \cdot 5 + 3 (2 u + 2 \cdot 3 + 5)) u d u$

Step 3.5

Apply the distributive property.

$5 \int (u (2 u) + u (2 \cdot 3) + u \cdot 5 + 3 (2 u + 2 \cdot 3) + 3 \cdot 5) u d u$

Step 3.6

Apply the distributive property.

$5 \int (u (2 u) + u (2 \cdot 3) + u \cdot 5 + 3 (2 u) + 3 (2 \cdot 3) + 3 \cdot 5) u d u$

Step 3.7

Apply the distributive property.

$5 \int (u (2 u) + u (2 \cdot 3) + u \cdot 5) u + (3 (2 u) + 3 (2 \cdot 3) + 3 \cdot 5) u d u$

Step 3.8

Apply the distributive property.

$5 \int (u (2 u) + u (2 \cdot 3)) u + u \cdot 5 u + (3 (2 u) + 3 (2 \cdot 3) + 3 \cdot 5) u d u$

Step 3.9

Apply the distributive property.

$5 \int u (2 u) u + u (2 \cdot 3) u + u \cdot 5 u + (3 (2 u) + 3 (2 \cdot 3) + 3 \cdot 5) u d u$

Step 3.10

Apply the distributive property.

$5 \int u (2 u) u + u (2 \cdot 3) u + u \cdot 5 u + (3 (2 u) + 3 (2 \cdot 3)) u + 3 \cdot 5 u d u$

Step 3.11

Apply the distributive property.

$5 \int u (2 u) u + u (2 \cdot 3) u + u \cdot 5 u + 3 (2 u) u + 3 (2 \cdot 3) u + 3 \cdot 5 u d u$

Step 3.12

Reorder $u$ and $2$ .

$5 \int 2 \cdot u \cdot u \cdot u + u (2 \cdot 3) u + u \cdot 5 u + 3 (2 u) u + 3 (2 \cdot 3) u + 3 \cdot 5 u d u$

Step 3.13

Move $u$ .

$5 \int 2 \cdot u \cdot u \cdot u + 2 \cdot 3 u \cdot u + u \cdot 5 u + 3 (2 u) u + 3 (2 \cdot 3) u + 3 \cdot 5 u d u$

Step 3.14

Reorder $u$ and $5$ .

$5 \int 2 \cdot u \cdot u \cdot u + 2 \cdot 3 u \cdot u + 5 \cdot u \cdot u + 3 (2 u) u + 3 (2 \cdot 3) u + 3 \cdot 5 u d u$

Step 3.15

Raise $u$ to the power of $1$ .

$5 \int 2 (u^{1} u) u + 2 \cdot 3 u \cdot u + 5 u \cdot u + 3 \cdot 2 u \cdot u + 3 \cdot 2 \cdot 3 u + 3 \cdot 5 u d u$

Step 3.16

Raise $u$ to the power of $1$ .

$5 \int 2 (u^{1} u^{1}) u + 2 \cdot 3 u \cdot u + 5 u \cdot u + 3 \cdot 2 u \cdot u + 3 \cdot 2 \cdot 3 u + 3 \cdot 5 u d u$

Step 3.17

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$5 \int 2 u^{1 + 1} u + 2 \cdot 3 u \cdot u + 5 u \cdot u + 3 \cdot 2 u \cdot u + 3 \cdot 2 \cdot 3 u + 3 \cdot 5 u d u$

Step 3.18

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$5 \int 2 u^{2} u + 2 \cdot 3 u \cdot u + 5 u \cdot u + 3 \cdot 2 u \cdot u + 3 \cdot 2 \cdot 3 u + 3 \cdot 5 u d u$

Step 3.19

Raise $u$ to the power of $1$ .

$5 \int 2 (u^{2} u^{1}) + 2 \cdot 3 u \cdot u + 5 u \cdot u + 3 \cdot 2 u \cdot u + 3 \cdot 2 \cdot 3 u + 3 \cdot 5 u d u$

Step 3.20

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$5 \int 2 u^{2 + 1} + 2 \cdot 3 u \cdot u + 5 u \cdot u + 3 \cdot 2 u \cdot u + 3 \cdot 2 \cdot 3 u + 3 \cdot 5 u d u$

Step 3.21

Add $2$ and $1$ .

$5 \int 2 u^{3} + 2 \cdot 3 u \cdot u + 5 u \cdot u + 3 \cdot 2 u \cdot u + 3 \cdot 2 \cdot 3 u + 3 \cdot 5 u d u$

Step 3.22

Multiply $2$ by $3$ .

$5 \int 2 u^{3} + 6 u \cdot u + 5 u \cdot u + 3 \cdot 2 u \cdot u + 3 \cdot 2 \cdot 3 u + 3 \cdot 5 u d u$

Step 3.23

Raise $u$ to the power of $1$ .

$5 \int 2 u^{3} + 6 (u^{1} u) + 5 u \cdot u + 3 \cdot 2 u \cdot u + 3 \cdot 2 \cdot 3 u + 3 \cdot 5 u d u$

Step 3.24

Raise $u$ to the power of $1$ .

$5 \int 2 u^{3} + 6 (u^{1} u^{1}) + 5 u \cdot u + 3 \cdot 2 u \cdot u + 3 \cdot 2 \cdot 3 u + 3 \cdot 5 u d u$

Step 3.25

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$5 \int 2 u^{3} + 6 u^{1 + 1} + 5 u \cdot u + 3 \cdot 2 u \cdot u + 3 \cdot 2 \cdot 3 u + 3 \cdot 5 u d u$

Step 3.26

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$5 \int 2 u^{3} + 6 u^{2} + 5 u \cdot u + 3 \cdot 2 u \cdot u + 3 \cdot 2 \cdot 3 u + 3 \cdot 5 u d u$

Step 3.27

Raise $u$ to the power of $1$ .

$5 \int 2 u^{3} + 6 u^{2} + 5 (u^{1} u) + 3 \cdot 2 u \cdot u + 3 \cdot 2 \cdot 3 u + 3 \cdot 5 u d u$

Step 3.28

Raise $u$ to the power of $1$ .

$5 \int 2 u^{3} + 6 u^{2} + 5 (u^{1} u^{1}) + 3 \cdot 2 u \cdot u + 3 \cdot 2 \cdot 3 u + 3 \cdot 5 u d u$

Step 3.29

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$5 \int 2 u^{3} + 6 u^{2} + 5 u^{1 + 1} + 3 \cdot 2 u \cdot u + 3 \cdot 2 \cdot 3 u + 3 \cdot 5 u d u$

Step 3.30

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$5 \int 2 u^{3} + 6 u^{2} + 5 u^{2} + 3 \cdot 2 u \cdot u + 3 \cdot 2 \cdot 3 u + 3 \cdot 5 u d u$

Step 3.31

Add $6 u^{2}$ and $5 u^{2}$ .

$5 \int 2 u^{3} + 11 u^{2} + 3 \cdot 2 u \cdot u + 3 \cdot 2 \cdot 3 u + 3 \cdot 5 u d u$

Step 3.32

Multiply $3$ by $2$ .

$5 \int 2 u^{3} + 11 u^{2} + 6 u \cdot u + 3 \cdot 2 \cdot 3 u + 3 \cdot 5 u d u$

Step 3.33

Raise $u$ to the power of $1$ .

$5 \int 2 u^{3} + 11 u^{2} + 6 (u^{1} u) + 3 \cdot 2 \cdot 3 u + 3 \cdot 5 u d u$

Step 3.34

Raise $u$ to the power of $1$ .

$5 \int 2 u^{3} + 11 u^{2} + 6 (u^{1} u^{1}) + 3 \cdot 2 \cdot 3 u + 3 \cdot 5 u d u$

Step 3.35

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$5 \int 2 u^{3} + 11 u^{2} + 6 u^{1 + 1} + 3 \cdot 2 \cdot 3 u + 3 \cdot 5 u d u$

Step 3.36

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$5 \int 2 u^{3} + 11 u^{2} + 6 u^{2} + 3 \cdot 2 \cdot 3 u + 3 \cdot 5 u d u$

Step 3.37

Multiply $3$ by $2$ .

$5 \int 2 u^{3} + 11 u^{2} + 6 u^{2} + 6 \cdot 3 u + 3 \cdot 5 u d u$

Step 3.38

Multiply $6$ by $3$ .

$5 \int 2 u^{3} + 11 u^{2} + 6 u^{2} + 18 u + 3 \cdot 5 u d u$

Step 3.39

Multiply $3$ by $5$ .

$5 \int 2 u^{3} + 11 u^{2} + 6 u^{2} + 18 u + 15 u d u$

Step 3.40

Add $18 u$ and $15 u$ .

$5 \int 2 u^{3} + 11 u^{2} + 6 u^{2} + 33 u d u$

Step 3.41

Add $11 u^{2}$ and $6 u^{2}$ .

$5 \int 2 u^{3} + 17 u^{2} + 33 u d u$

$5 \int 2 u^{3} + 17 u^{2} + 33 u d u$

Step 4

Split the single integral into multiple integrals.

$5 (\int 2 u^{3} d u + \int 17 u^{2} d u + \int 33 u d u)$

Step 5

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $u$ , move $2$ out of the integral.

$5 (2 \int u^{3} d u + \int 17 u^{2} d u + \int 33 u d u)$

Step 6

By the Power Rule, the integral of $u^{3}$ with respect to $u$ is $\frac{1}{4} u^{4}$ .

$5 (2 (\frac{1}{4} u^{4} + C) + \int 17 u^{2} d u + \int 33 u d u)$

Step 7

Since $17$ is constant with respect to $u$ , move $17$ out of the integral.

$5 (2 (\frac{1}{4} u^{4} + C) + 17 \int u^{2} d u + \int 33 u d u)$

Step 8

By the Power Rule, the integral of $u^{2}$ with respect to $u$ is $\frac{1}{3} u^{3}$ .

$5 (2 (\frac{1}{4} u^{4} + C) + 17 (\frac{1}{3} u^{3} + C) + \int 33 u d u)$

Step 9

Since $33$ is constant with respect to $u$ , move $33$ out of the integral.

$5 (2 (\frac{1}{4} u^{4} + C) + 17 (\frac{1}{3} u^{3} + C) + 33 \int u d u)$

Step 10

By the Power Rule, the integral of $u$ with respect to $u$ is $\frac{1}{2} u^{2}$ .

$5 (2 (\frac{1}{4} u^{4} + C) + 17 (\frac{1}{3} u^{3} + C) + 33 (\frac{1}{2} u^{2} + C))$

Step 11

Simplify.

$5 (\frac{u^{4}}{2} + \frac{17 u^{3}}{3} + \frac{33 u^{2}}{2}) + C$

Step 12

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $x - 3$ .

$5 (\frac{{(x - 3)}^{4}}{2} + \frac{17 {(x - 3)}^{3}}{3} + \frac{33 {(x - 3)}^{2}}{2}) + C$

Step 13

Reorder terms.

$5 (\frac{1}{2} {(x - 3)}^{4} + \frac{17}{3} {(x - 3)}^{3} + \frac{33}{2} {(x - 3)}^{2}) + C$

$[\begin{array}{c} x^{2} & \frac{1}{2} \\ \sqrt{π} & \int x d x \end{array}]$