Calculus Examples

$lim_{x \to \infty} \sqrt{(x + 2020) (x + 2021)} - x$

Step 1

Multiply to rationalize the numerator.

$lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{(\sqrt{(x + 2020) (x + 2021)} - x) (\sqrt{(x + 2020) (x + 2021)} + x)}{\sqrt{(x + 2020) (x + 2021)} + x}$

Step 2

Simplify.

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Step 2.1

Expand the numerator using the FOIL method.

$lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{{\sqrt{(x + 2020) (x + 2021)}}^{2} + \sqrt{(x + 2020) (x + 2021)} x + \sqrt{(x + 2020) (x + 2021)} (- x) - x^{2}}{\sqrt{(x + 2020) (x + 2021)} + x}$

Step 2.2

Simplify.

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Step 2.2.1

Subtract $x^{2}$ from $x^{2}$ .

$lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{4041 x + 4082420 + 0}{\sqrt{(x + 2020) (x + 2021)} + x}$

Step 2.2.2

Add $4041 x + 4082420$ and $0$ .

$lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{4041 x + 4082420}{\sqrt{(x + 2020) (x + 2021)} + x}$

Step 3

Divide the numerator and denominator by the highest power of $x$ in the denominator, which is $x = \sqrt{x^{2}}$ .

$lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{\frac{4041 x}{x} + \frac{4082420}{x}}{\sqrt{\frac{(x + 2020) (x + 2021)}{x^{2}}} + \frac{x}{x}}$

Step 4

Evaluate the limit.

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Step 4.1

Cancel the common factor of $x$ .

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Step 4.1.1

Cancel the common factor.

$lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{\frac{4041 x}{x} + \frac{4082420}{x}}{\sqrt{\frac{(x + 2020) (x + 2021)}{x^{2}}} + \frac{x}{x}}$

Step 4.1.2

Divide $4041$ by $1$ .

$lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{4041 + \frac{4082420}{x}}{\sqrt{\frac{(x + 2020) (x + 2021)}{x^{2}}} + \frac{x}{x}}$

Step 4.2

Cancel the common factor of $x$ .

$lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{4041 + \frac{4082420}{x}}{\sqrt{\frac{(x + 2020) (x + 2021)}{x^{2}}} + 1}$

Step 4.3

Split the limit using the Limits Quotient Rule on the limit as $x$ approaches $\infty$ .

$\frac{lim_{x \to \infty} 4041 + \frac{4082420}{x}}{lim_{x \to \infty} \sqrt{\frac{(x + 2020) (x + 2021)}{x^{2}}} + 1}$

Step 4.4

Split the limit using the Sum of Limits Rule on the limit as $x$ approaches $\infty$ .

$\frac{lim_{x \to \infty} 4041 + lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{4082420}{x}}{lim_{x \to \infty} \sqrt{\frac{(x + 2020) (x + 2021)}{x^{2}}} + 1}$

Step 4.5

Evaluate the limit of $4041$ which is constant as $x$ approaches $\infty$ .

$\frac{4041 + lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{4082420}{x}}{lim_{x \to \infty} \sqrt{\frac{(x + 2020) (x + 2021)}{x^{2}}} + 1}$

Step 4.6

Move the term $4082420$ outside of the limit because it is constant with respect to $x$ .

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{1}{x}}{lim_{x \to \infty} \sqrt{\frac{(x + 2020) (x + 2021)}{x^{2}}} + 1}$

Step 5

Since its numerator approaches a real number while its denominator is unbounded, the fraction $\frac{1}{x}$ approaches $0$ .

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{lim_{x \to \infty} \sqrt{\frac{(x + 2020) (x + 2021)}{x^{2}}} + 1}$

Step 6

Evaluate the limit.

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Step 6.1

Split the limit using the Sum of Limits Rule on the limit as $x$ approaches $\infty$ .

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{lim_{x \to \infty} \sqrt{\frac{(x + 2020) (x + 2021)}{x^{2}}} + lim_{x \to \infty} 1}$

Step 6.2

Move the limit under the radical sign.

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{(x + 2020) (x + 2021)}{x^{2}}} + lim_{x \to \infty} 1}$

Step 7

Apply L'Hospital's rule.

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Step 7.1

Evaluate the limit of the numerator and the limit of the denominator.

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Step 7.1.1

Take the limit of the numerator and the limit of the denominator.

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{\frac{lim_{x \to \infty} (x + 2020) (x + 2021)}{lim_{x \to \infty} x^{2}}} + lim_{x \to \infty} 1}$

Step 7.1.2

Evaluate the limit of the numerator.

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Step 7.1.2.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{\frac{lim_{x \to \infty} x (x + 2021) + 2020 (x + 2021)}{lim_{x \to \infty} x^{2}}} + lim_{x \to \infty} 1}$

Step 7.1.2.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{\frac{lim_{x \to \infty} x \cdot x + x \cdot 2021 + 2020 (x + 2021)}{lim_{x \to \infty} x^{2}}} + lim_{x \to \infty} 1}$

Step 7.1.2.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{\frac{lim_{x \to \infty} x \cdot x + x \cdot 2021 + 2020 x + 2020 \cdot 2021}{lim_{x \to \infty} x^{2}}} + lim_{x \to \infty} 1}$

Step 7.1.2.4

Reorder $x$ and $2021$ .

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{\frac{lim_{x \to \infty} x \cdot x + 2021 \cdot x + 2020 x + 2020 \cdot 2021}{lim_{x \to \infty} x^{2}}} + lim_{x \to \infty} 1}$

Step 7.1.2.5

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{\frac{lim_{x \to \infty} x^{1} x + 2021 x + 2020 x + 2020 \cdot 2021}{lim_{x \to \infty} x^{2}}} + lim_{x \to \infty} 1}$

Step 7.1.2.6

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{\frac{lim_{x \to \infty} x^{1} x^{1} + 2021 x + 2020 x + 2020 \cdot 2021}{lim_{x \to \infty} x^{2}}} + lim_{x \to \infty} 1}$

Step 7.1.2.7

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{\frac{lim_{x \to \infty} x^{1 + 1} + 2021 x + 2020 x + 2020 \cdot 2021}{lim_{x \to \infty} x^{2}}} + lim_{x \to \infty} 1}$

Step 7.1.2.8

Simplify by adding terms.

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Step 7.1.2.8.1

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{\frac{lim_{x \to \infty} x^{2} + 2021 x + 2020 x + 2020 \cdot 2021}{lim_{x \to \infty} x^{2}}} + lim_{x \to \infty} 1}$

Step 7.1.2.8.2

Multiply $2020$ by $2021$ .

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{\frac{lim_{x \to \infty} x^{2} + 2021 x + 2020 x + 4082420}{lim_{x \to \infty} x^{2}}} + lim_{x \to \infty} 1}$

Step 7.1.2.8.3

Add $2021 x$ and $2020 x$ .

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{\frac{lim_{x \to \infty} x^{2} + 4041 x + 4082420}{lim_{x \to \infty} x^{2}}} + lim_{x \to \infty} 1}$

Step 7.1.2.9

The limit at infinity of a polynomial whose leading coefficient is positive is infinity.

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{\frac{\infty}{lim_{x \to \infty} x^{2}}} + lim_{x \to \infty} 1}$

Step 7.1.3

The limit at infinity of a polynomial whose leading coefficient is positive is infinity.

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{\frac{\infty}{\infty}} + lim_{x \to \infty} 1}$

Step 7.1.4

Infinity divided by infinity is undefined.

Undefined

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{\frac{\infty}{\infty}} + lim_{x \to \infty} 1}$

Step 7.2

Since $\frac{\infty}{\infty}$ is of indeterminate form, apply L'Hospital's Rule. L'Hospital's Rule states that the limit of a quotient of functions is equal to the limit of the quotient of their derivatives.

$lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{(x + 2020) (x + 2021)}{x^{2}} = lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{\frac{d}{d x} [(x + 2020) (x + 2021)]}{\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]}$

Step 7.3

Find the derivative of the numerator and denominator.

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Step 7.3.1

Differentiate the numerator and denominator.

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{\frac{d}{d x} [(x + 2020) (x + 2021)]}{\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]}} + lim_{x \to \infty} 1}$

Step 7.3.2

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = x + 2020$ and $g (x) = x + 2021$ .

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{(x + 2020) \frac{d}{d x} [x + 2021] + (x + 2021) \frac{d}{d x} [x + 2020]}{\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]}} + lim_{x \to \infty} 1}$

Step 7.3.3

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $x + 2021$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [2021]$ .

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{(x + 2020) (\frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [2021]) + (x + 2021) \frac{d}{d x} [x + 2020]}{\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]}} + lim_{x \to \infty} 1}$

Step 7.3.4

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{(x + 2020) (1 + \frac{d}{d x} [2021]) + (x + 2021) \frac{d}{d x} [x + 2020]}{\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]}} + lim_{x \to \infty} 1}$

Step 7.3.5

Since $2021$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $2021$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{(x + 2020) (1 + 0) + (x + 2021) \frac{d}{d x} [x + 2020]}{\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]}} + lim_{x \to \infty} 1}$

Step 7.3.6

Add $1$ and $0$ .

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{(x + 2020) \cdot 1 + (x + 2021) \frac{d}{d x} [x + 2020]}{\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]}} + lim_{x \to \infty} 1}$

Step 7.3.7

Multiply $x + 2020$ by $1$ .

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{x + 2020 + (x + 2021) \frac{d}{d x} [x + 2020]}{\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]}} + lim_{x \to \infty} 1}$

Step 7.3.8

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $x + 2020$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [2020]$ .

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{x + 2020 + (x + 2021) (\frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [2020])}{\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]}} + lim_{x \to \infty} 1}$

Step 7.3.9

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{x + 2020 + (x + 2021) (1 + \frac{d}{d x} [2020])}{\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]}} + lim_{x \to \infty} 1}$

Step 7.3.10

Since $2020$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $2020$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{x + 2020 + (x + 2021) (1 + 0)}{\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]}} + lim_{x \to \infty} 1}$

Step 7.3.11

Add $1$ and $0$ .

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{x + 2020 + (x + 2021) \cdot 1}{\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]}} + lim_{x \to \infty} 1}$

Step 7.3.12

Multiply $x + 2021$ by $1$ .

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{x + 2020 + x + 2021}{\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]}} + lim_{x \to \infty} 1}$

Step 7.3.13

Add $x$ and $x$ .

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{2 x + 2020 + 2021}{\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]}} + lim_{x \to \infty} 1}$

Step 7.3.14

Add $2020$ and $2021$ .

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{2 x + 4041}{\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]}} + lim_{x \to \infty} 1}$

Step 7.3.15

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{2 x + 4041}{2 x}} + lim_{x \to \infty} 1}$

Step 8

Move the term $\frac{1}{2}$ outside of the limit because it is constant with respect to $x$ .

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{2 x + 4041}{x}} + lim_{x \to \infty} 1}$

Step 9

Divide the numerator and denominator by the highest power of $x$ in the denominator, which is $x$ .

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{\frac{2 x}{x} + \frac{4041}{x}}{\frac{x}{x}}} + lim_{x \to \infty} 1}$

Step 10

Evaluate the limit.

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Step 10.1

Cancel the common factor of $x$ .

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Step 10.1.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{\frac{2 x}{x} + \frac{4041}{x}}{\frac{x}{x}}} + lim_{x \to \infty} 1}$

Step 10.1.2

Divide $2$ by $1$ .

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{2 + \frac{4041}{x}}{\frac{x}{x}}} + lim_{x \to \infty} 1}$

Step 10.2

Cancel the common factor of $x$ .

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Step 10.2.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{2 + \frac{4041}{x}}{\frac{x}{x}}} + lim_{x \to \infty} 1}$

Step 10.2.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{2 + \frac{4041}{x}}{1}} + lim_{x \to \infty} 1}$

Step 10.3

Split the limit using the Limits Quotient Rule on the limit as $x$ approaches $\infty$ .

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{lim_{x \to \infty} 2 + \frac{4041}{x}}{lim_{x \to \infty} 1}} + lim_{x \to \infty} 1}$

Step 10.4

Split the limit using the Sum of Limits Rule on the limit as $x$ approaches $\infty$ .

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{lim_{x \to \infty} 2 + lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{4041}{x}}{lim_{x \to \infty} 1}} + lim_{x \to \infty} 1}$

Step 10.5

Evaluate the limit of $2$ which is constant as $x$ approaches $\infty$ .

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{2 + lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{4041}{x}}{lim_{x \to \infty} 1}} + lim_{x \to \infty} 1}$

Step 10.6

Move the term $4041$ outside of the limit because it is constant with respect to $x$ .

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{2 + 4041 lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{1}{x}}{lim_{x \to \infty} 1}} + lim_{x \to \infty} 1}$

Step 11

Since its numerator approaches a real number while its denominator is unbounded, the fraction $\frac{1}{x}$ approaches $0$ .

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{2 + 4041 \cdot 0}{lim_{x \to \infty} 1}} + lim_{x \to \infty} 1}$

Step 12

Evaluate the limit.

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Step 12.1

Evaluate the limit of $1$ which is constant as $x$ approaches $\infty$ .

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{2 + 4041 \cdot 0}{1}} + lim_{x \to \infty} 1}$

Step 12.2

Evaluate the limit of $1$ which is constant as $x$ approaches $\infty$ .

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{2 + 4041 \cdot 0}{1}} + 1}$

Step 12.3

Simplify the answer.

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Step 12.3.1

Divide $2 + 4041 \cdot 0$ by $1$ .

$\frac{4041 + 4082420 \cdot 0}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} (2 + 4041 \cdot 0)} + 1}$

Step 12.3.2

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 12.3.2.1

Multiply $4082420$ by $0$ .

$\frac{4041 + 0}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} (2 + 4041 \cdot 0)} + 1}$

Step 12.3.2.2

Add $4041$ and $0$ .

$\frac{4041}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} (2 + 4041 \cdot 0)} + 1}$

Step 12.3.3

Simplify the denominator.

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Step 12.3.3.1

Multiply $4041$ by $0$ .

$\frac{4041}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} (2 + 0)} + 1}$

Step 12.3.3.2

Add $2$ and $0$ .

$\frac{4041}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2} + 1}$

Step 12.3.3.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $2$ .

$\frac{4041}{\sqrt{\frac{2}{2}} + 1}$

Step 12.3.3.4

Divide $2$ by $2$ .

$\frac{4041}{\sqrt{1} + 1}$

Step 12.3.3.5

Any root of $1$ is $1$ .

$\frac{4041}{1 + 1}$

Step 12.3.3.6

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{4041}{2}$

Step 13

The result can be shown in multiple forms.

Exact Form:

$\frac{4041}{2}$

Decimal Form:

$2020.5$