Calculus Examples

$\frac{d s}{d t} = - 7 t + \cos (t)$ , $s (0) = - 5$

Step 1

Rewrite the equation.

$d s = (- 7 t + \cos (t)) d t$

Step 2

Integrate both sides.

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Step 2.1

Set up an integral on each side.

$\int d s = \int - 7 t + \cos (t) d t$

Step 2.2

Apply the constant rule.

$s + C_{1} = \int - 7 t + \cos (t) d t$

Step 2.3

Integrate the right side.

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Step 2.3.1

Split the single integral into multiple integrals.

$s + C_{1} = \int - 7 t d t + \int \cos (t) d t$

Step 2.3.2

Since $- 7$ is constant with respect to $t$ , move $- 7$ out of the integral.

$s + C_{1} = - 7 \int t d t + \int \cos (t) d t$

Step 2.3.3

By the Power Rule, the integral of $t$ with respect to $t$ is $\frac{1}{2} t^{2}$ .

$s + C_{1} = - 7 (\frac{1}{2} t^{2} + C_{2}) + \int \cos (t) d t$

Step 2.3.4

The integral of $\cos (t)$ with respect to $t$ is $\sin (t)$ .

$s + C_{1} = - 7 (\frac{1}{2} t^{2} + C_{2}) + \sin (t) + C_{3}$

Step 2.3.5

Simplify.

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Step 2.3.5.1

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $t^{2}$ .

$s + C_{1} = - 7 (\frac{t^{2}}{2} + C_{2}) + \sin (t) + C_{3}$

Step 2.3.5.2

Simplify.

$s + C_{1} = \frac{- 7 t^{2}}{2} + \sin (t) + C_{4}$

Step 2.3.5.3

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$s + C_{1} = - \frac{7 t^{2}}{2} + \sin (t) + C_{4}$

Step 2.3.6

Reorder terms.

$s + C_{1} = - \frac{7}{2} t^{2} + \sin (t) + C_{4}$

Step 2.4

Group the constant of integration on the right side as $K$ .

$s = - \frac{7}{2} t^{2} + \sin (t) + K$

Step 3

Use the initial condition to find the value of $K$ by substituting $0$ for $t$ and $- 5$ for $s$ in $s = - \frac{7}{2} t^{2} + \sin (t) + K$ .

$- 5 = - \frac{7}{2} \cdot 0^{2} + \sin (0) + K$

Step 4

Solve for $K$ .

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Step 4.1

Rewrite the equation as $- \frac{7}{2} \cdot 0^{2} + \sin (0) + K = - 5$ .

$- \frac{7}{2} \cdot 0^{2} + \sin (0) + K = - 5$

Step 4.2

Simplify the left side.

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Step 4.2.1

Simplify $- \frac{7}{2} \cdot 0^{2} + \sin (0) + K$ .

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Step 4.2.1.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 4.2.1.1.1

Raising $0$ to any positive power yields $0$ .

$- \frac{7}{2} \cdot 0 + \sin (0) + K = - 5$

Step 4.2.1.1.2

Multiply $- \frac{7}{2} \cdot 0$ .

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Step 4.2.1.1.2.1

Multiply $0$ by $- 1$ .

$0 (\frac{7}{2}) + \sin (0) + K = - 5$

Step 4.2.1.1.2.2

Multiply $0$ by $\frac{7}{2}$ .

$0 + \sin (0) + K = - 5$

Step 4.2.1.1.3

The exact value of $\sin (0)$ is $0$ .

$0 + 0 + K = - 5$

Step 4.2.1.2

Combine the opposite terms in $0 + 0 + K$ .

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Step 4.2.1.2.1

Add $0$ and $0$ .

$0 + K = - 5$

Step 4.2.1.2.2

Add $0$ and $K$ .

$K = - 5$

Step 5

Substitute $- 5$ for $K$ in $s = - \frac{7}{2} t^{2} + \sin (t) + K$ and simplify.

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Step 5.1

Substitute $- 5$ for $K$ .

$s = - \frac{7}{2} t^{2} + \sin (t) - 5$

Step 5.2

Simplify each term.

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Step 5.2.1

Combine $t^{2}$ and $\frac{7}{2}$ .

$s = - \frac{t^{2} \cdot 7}{2} + \sin (t) - 5$

Step 5.2.2

Move $7$ to the left of $t^{2}$ .

$s = - \frac{7 t^{2}}{2} + \sin (t) - 5$