Calculus Examples

$4 (y d) x + 3 x d y = 0$

Step 1

Subtract $4 y d x$ from both sides of the equation.

$3 x d y = - 4 y d x$

Step 2

Multiply both sides by $\frac{1}{x y}$ .

$\frac{1}{x y} (3 x) d y = \frac{1}{x y} (- 4 y) d x$

Step 3

Simplify.

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Step 3.1

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$3 \frac{1}{x y} x d y = \frac{1}{x y} (- 4 y) d x$

Step 3.2

Combine $3$ and $\frac{1}{x y}$ .

$\frac{3}{x y} x d y = \frac{1}{x y} (- 4 y) d x$

Step 3.3

Cancel the common factor of $x$ .

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Step 3.3.1

Factor $x$ out of $x y$ .

$\frac{3}{x (y)} x d y = \frac{1}{x y} (- 4 y) d x$

Step 3.3.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{3}{x y} x d y = \frac{1}{x y} (- 4 y) d x$

Step 3.3.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{3}{y} d y = \frac{1}{x y} (- 4 y) d x$

Step 3.4

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{3}{y} d y = - 4 \frac{1}{x y} y d x$

Step 3.5

Combine $- 4$ and $\frac{1}{x y}$ .

$\frac{3}{y} d y = \frac{- 4}{x y} y d x$

Step 3.6

Cancel the common factor of $y$ .

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Step 3.6.1

Factor $y$ out of $x y$ .

$\frac{3}{y} d y = \frac{- 4}{y x} y d x$

Step 3.6.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{3}{y} d y = \frac{- 4}{y x} y d x$

Step 3.6.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{3}{y} d y = \frac{- 4}{x} d x$

Step 3.7

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{3}{y} d y = - \frac{4}{x} d x$

Step 4

Integrate both sides.

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Step 4.1

Set up an integral on each side.

$\int \frac{3}{y} d y = \int - \frac{4}{x} d x$

Step 4.2

Integrate the left side.

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Step 4.2.1

Since $3$ is constant with respect to $y$ , move $3$ out of the integral.

$3 \int \frac{1}{y} d y = \int - \frac{4}{x} d x$

Step 4.2.2

The integral of $\frac{1}{y}$ with respect to $y$ is $\ln (| y |)$ .

$3 (\ln (| y |) + C_{1}) = \int - \frac{4}{x} d x$

Step 4.2.3

Simplify.

$3 \ln (| y |) + C_{1} = \int - \frac{4}{x} d x$

Step 4.3

Integrate the right side.

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Step 4.3.1

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $- 1$ out of the integral.

$3 \ln (| y |) + C_{1} = - \int \frac{4}{x} d x$

Step 4.3.2

Since $4$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $4$ out of the integral.

$3 \ln (| y |) + C_{1} = - (4 \int \frac{1}{x} d x)$

Step 4.3.3

Multiply $4$ by $- 1$ .

$3 \ln (| y |) + C_{1} = - 4 \int \frac{1}{x} d x$

Step 4.3.4

The integral of $\frac{1}{x}$ with respect to $x$ is $\ln (| x |)$ .

$3 \ln (| y |) + C_{1} = - 4 (\ln (| x |) + C_{2})$

Step 4.3.5

Simplify.

$3 \ln (| y |) + C_{1} = - 4 \ln (| x |) + C_{2}$

Step 4.4

Group the constant of integration on the right side as $C$ .

$3 \ln (| y |) = - 4 \ln (| x |) + C$

Step 5

Solve for $y$ .

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Step 5.1

Move all the terms containing a logarithm to the left side of the equation.

$3 \ln (| y |) + 4 \ln (| x |) = C$

Step 5.2

Simplify the left side.

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Step 5.2.1

Simplify $3 \ln (| y |) + 4 \ln (| x |)$ .

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Step 5.2.1.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 5.2.1.1.1

Simplify $3 \ln (| y |)$ by moving $3$ inside the logarithm.

$\ln ({| y |}^{3}) + 4 \ln (| x |) = C$

Step 5.2.1.1.2

Simplify $4 \ln (| x |)$ by moving $4$ inside the logarithm.

$\ln ({| y |}^{3}) + \ln ({| x |}^{4}) = C$

Step 5.2.1.1.3

Remove the absolute value in ${| x |}^{4}$ because exponentiations with even powers are always positive.

$\ln ({| y |}^{3}) + \ln (x^{4}) = C$

Step 5.2.1.2

Use the product property of logarithms, $\log_{b} (x) + \log_{b} (y) = \log_{b} (x y)$ .

$\ln ({| y |}^{3} x^{4}) = C$

Step 5.2.1.3

Reorder factors in $\ln ({| y |}^{3} x^{4})$ .

$\ln (x^{4} {| y |}^{3}) = C$

Step 5.3

To solve for $y$ , rewrite the equation using properties of logarithms.

$e^{\ln (x^{4} {| y |}^{3})} = e^{C}$

Step 5.4

Rewrite $\ln (x^{4} {| y |}^{3}) = C$ in exponential form using the definition of a logarithm. If $x$ and $b$ are positive real numbers and $b \neq 1$ , then $\log_{b} (x) = y$ is equivalent to $b^{y} = x$ .

$e^{C} = x^{4} {| y |}^{3}$

Step 5.5

Solve for $y$ .

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Step 5.5.1

Rewrite the equation as $x^{4} {| y |}^{3} = e^{C}$ .

$x^{4} {| y |}^{3} = e^{C}$

Step 5.5.2

Divide each term in $x^{4} {| y |}^{3} = e^{C}$ by $x^{4}$ and simplify.

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Step 5.5.2.1

Divide each term in $x^{4} {| y |}^{3} = e^{C}$ by $x^{4}$ .

$\frac{x^{4} {| y |}^{3}}{x^{4}} = \frac{e^{C}}{x^{4}}$

Step 5.5.2.2

Simplify the left side.

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Step 5.5.2.2.1

Cancel the common factor of $x^{4}$ .

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Step 5.5.2.2.1.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{x^{4} {| y |}^{3}}{x^{4}} = \frac{e^{C}}{x^{4}}$

Step 5.5.2.2.1.2

Divide ${| y |}^{3}$ by $1$ .

${| y |}^{3} = \frac{e^{C}}{x^{4}}$

Step 5.5.3

Take the specified root of both sides of the equation to eliminate the exponent on the left side.

$| y | = \sqrt[3]{\frac{e^{C}}{x^{4}}}$

Step 5.5.4

Simplify $\sqrt[3]{\frac{e^{C}}{x^{4}}}$ .

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Step 5.5.4.1

Rewrite $\frac{e^{C}}{x^{4}}$ as ${(\frac{1}{x})}^{3} \frac{e^{C}}{x}$ .

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Step 5.5.4.1.1

Factor the perfect power $1^{3}$ out of $e^{C}$ .

$| y | = \sqrt[3]{\frac{1^{3} e^{C}}{x^{4}}}$

Step 5.5.4.1.2

Factor the perfect power $x^{3}$ out of $x^{4}$ .

$| y | = \sqrt[3]{\frac{1^{3} e^{C}}{x^{3} x}}$

Step 5.5.4.1.3

Rearrange the fraction $\frac{1^{3} e^{C}}{x^{3} x}$ .

$| y | = \sqrt[3]{{(\frac{1}{x})}^{3} \frac{e^{C}}{x}}$

Step 5.5.4.2

Pull terms out from under the radical.

$| y | = \frac{1}{x} \sqrt[3]{\frac{e^{C}}{x}}$

Step 5.5.4.3

Rewrite $\sqrt[3]{\frac{e^{C}}{x}}$ as $\frac{\sqrt[3]{e^{C}}}{\sqrt[3]{x}}$ .

$| y | = \frac{1}{x} \cdot \frac{\sqrt[3]{e^{C}}}{\sqrt[3]{x}}$

Step 5.5.4.4

Combine.

$| y | = \frac{1 \sqrt[3]{e^{C}}}{x \sqrt[3]{x}}$

Step 5.5.4.5

Multiply $\sqrt[3]{e^{C}}$ by $1$ .

$| y | = \frac{\sqrt[3]{e^{C}}}{x \sqrt[3]{x}}$

Step 5.5.4.6

Multiply $\frac{\sqrt[3]{e^{C}}}{x \sqrt[3]{x}}$ by $\frac{{\sqrt[3]{x}}^{2}}{{\sqrt[3]{x}}^{2}}$ .

$| y | = \frac{\sqrt[3]{e^{C}}}{x \sqrt[3]{x}} \cdot \frac{{\sqrt[3]{x}}^{2}}{{\sqrt[3]{x}}^{2}}$

Step 5.5.4.7

Combine and simplify the denominator.

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Step 5.5.4.7.1

Multiply $\frac{\sqrt[3]{e^{C}}}{x \sqrt[3]{x}}$ by $\frac{{\sqrt[3]{x}}^{2}}{{\sqrt[3]{x}}^{2}}$ .

$| y | = \frac{\sqrt[3]{e^{C}} {\sqrt[3]{x}}^{2}}{x \sqrt[3]{x} {\sqrt[3]{x}}^{2}}$

Step 5.5.4.7.2

Move $\sqrt[3]{x}$ .

$| y | = \frac{\sqrt[3]{e^{C}} {\sqrt[3]{x}}^{2}}{x (\sqrt[3]{x} {\sqrt[3]{x}}^{2})}$

Step 5.5.4.7.3

Raise $\sqrt[3]{x}$ to the power of $1$ .

$| y | = \frac{\sqrt[3]{e^{C}} {\sqrt[3]{x}}^{2}}{x ({\sqrt[3]{x}}^{1} {\sqrt[3]{x}}^{2})}$

Step 5.5.4.7.4

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$| y | = \frac{\sqrt[3]{e^{C}} {\sqrt[3]{x}}^{2}}{x {\sqrt[3]{x}}^{1 + 2}}$

Step 5.5.4.7.5

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$| y | = \frac{\sqrt[3]{e^{C}} {\sqrt[3]{x}}^{2}}{x {\sqrt[3]{x}}^{3}}$

Step 5.5.4.7.6

Rewrite ${\sqrt[3]{x}}^{3}$ as $x$ .

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Step 5.5.4.7.6.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt[3]{x}$ as $x^{\frac{1}{3}}$ .

$| y | = \frac{\sqrt[3]{e^{C}} {\sqrt[3]{x}}^{2}}{x {(x^{\frac{1}{3}})}^{3}}$

Step 5.5.4.7.6.2

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$| y | = \frac{\sqrt[3]{e^{C}} {\sqrt[3]{x}}^{2}}{x \cdot x^{\frac{1}{3} \cdot 3}}$

Step 5.5.4.7.6.3

Combine $\frac{1}{3}$ and $3$ .

$| y | = \frac{\sqrt[3]{e^{C}} {\sqrt[3]{x}}^{2}}{x \cdot x^{\frac{3}{3}}}$

Step 5.5.4.7.6.4

Cancel the common factor of $3$ .

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Step 5.5.4.7.6.4.1

Cancel the common factor.

$| y | = \frac{\sqrt[3]{e^{C}} {\sqrt[3]{x}}^{2}}{x \cdot x^{\frac{3}{3}}}$

Step 5.5.4.7.6.4.2

Rewrite the expression.

$| y | = \frac{\sqrt[3]{e^{C}} {\sqrt[3]{x}}^{2}}{x \cdot x^{1}}$

Step 5.5.4.7.6.5

Simplify.

$| y | = \frac{\sqrt[3]{e^{C}} {\sqrt[3]{x}}^{2}}{x \cdot x}$

Step 5.5.4.8

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$| y | = \frac{\sqrt[3]{e^{C}} {\sqrt[3]{x}}^{2}}{x^{2}}$

Step 5.5.4.9

Rewrite ${\sqrt[3]{x}}^{2}$ as $\sqrt[3]{x^{2}}$ .

$| y | = \frac{\sqrt[3]{e^{C}} \sqrt[3]{x^{2}}}{x^{2}}$

Step 5.5.4.10

Combine using the product rule for radicals.

$| y | = \frac{\sqrt[3]{e^{C} x^{2}}}{x^{2}}$

Step 5.5.4.11

Reorder factors in $\frac{\sqrt[3]{e^{C} x^{2}}}{x^{2}}$ .

$| y | = \frac{\sqrt[3]{x^{2} e^{C}}}{x^{2}}$

Step 5.5.5

Remove the absolute value term. This creates a $\pm$ on the right side of the equation because $| x | = \pm x$ .

$y = \pm \frac{\sqrt[3]{x^{2} e^{C}}}{x^{2}}$

Step 6

Simplify the constant of integration.

$y = \pm \frac{\sqrt[3]{x^{2} C}}{x^{2}}$