Calculus Examples

$x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2} d x + y \sqrt{x^{2} - 2} d y = 0$

Step 1

Subtract $x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2} d x$ from both sides of the equation.

$y \sqrt{x^{2} - 2} d y = - x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2} d x$

Step 2

Multiply both sides by $\frac{1}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}} (y \sqrt{x^{2} - 2}) d y = \frac{1}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}} (- x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}) d x$

Step 3

Simplify.

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Step 3.1

Multiply $\frac{1}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}$ by $\frac{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}} (y \sqrt{x^{2} - 2}) d y = \frac{1}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}} (- x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}) d x$

Step 3.2

Combine and simplify the denominator.

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Step 3.2.1

Multiply $\frac{1}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}$ by $\frac{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}$ .

$\frac{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)} \sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}} (y \sqrt{x^{2} - 2}) d y = \frac{1}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}} (- x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}) d x$

Step 3.2.2

Raise $\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}{{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}^{1} \sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}} (y \sqrt{x^{2} - 2}) d y = \frac{1}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}} (- x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}) d x$

Step 3.2.3

Raise $\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}{{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}^{1} {\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}^{1}} (y \sqrt{x^{2} - 2}) d y = \frac{1}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}} (- x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}) d x$

Step 3.2.4

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}{{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}^{1 + 1}} (y \sqrt{x^{2} - 2}) d y = \frac{1}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}} (- x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}) d x$

Step 3.2.5

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}{{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}^{2}} (y \sqrt{x^{2} - 2}) d y = \frac{1}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}} (- x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}) d x$

Step 3.2.6

Rewrite ${\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}^{2}$ as $(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)$ .

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Step 3.2.6.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}$ as ${((x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2))}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}{{({((x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2))}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} (y \sqrt{x^{2} - 2}) d y = \frac{1}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}} (- x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}) d x$

Step 3.2.6.2

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\frac{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}{{((x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2))}^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2}} (y \sqrt{x^{2} - 2}) d y = \frac{1}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}} (- x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}) d x$

Step 3.2.6.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $2$ .

$\frac{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}{{((x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2))}^{\frac{2}{2}}} (y \sqrt{x^{2} - 2}) d y = \frac{1}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}} (- x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}) d x$

Step 3.2.6.4

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 3.2.6.4.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}{{((x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2))}^{\frac{2}{2}}} (y \sqrt{x^{2} - 2}) d y = \frac{1}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}} (- x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}) d x$

Step 3.2.6.4.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}{{((x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2))}^{1}} (y \sqrt{x^{2} - 2}) d y = \frac{1}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}} (- x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}) d x$

Step 3.2.6.5

Simplify.

$\frac{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)} (y \sqrt{x^{2} - 2}) d y = \frac{1}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}} (- x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}) d x$

Step 3.3

Multiply $\frac{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)} (y \sqrt{x^{2} - 2})$ .

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Step 3.3.1

Combine $y$ and $\frac{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}$ .

$\frac{y \sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)} \sqrt{x^{2} - 2} d y = \frac{1}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}} (- x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}) d x$

Step 3.3.2

Combine $\frac{y \sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}$ and $\sqrt{x^{2} - 2}$ .

$\frac{y \sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)} \sqrt{x^{2} - 2}}{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)} d y = \frac{1}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}} (- x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}) d x$

Step 3.3.3

Combine using the product rule for radicals.

$\frac{y \sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) ((x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2))}}{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)} d y = \frac{1}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}} (- x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}) d x$

Step 3.3.4

Raise $x^{2} - 2$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{y \sqrt{{(x^{2} - 2)}^{1} (x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)} d y = \frac{1}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}} (- x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}) d x$

Step 3.3.5

Raise $x^{2} - 2$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{y \sqrt{{(x^{2} - 2)}^{1} {(x^{2} - 2)}^{1} (y^{2} - 2)}}{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)} d y = \frac{1}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}} (- x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}) d x$

Step 3.3.6

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{y \sqrt{{(x^{2} - 2)}^{1 + 1} (y^{2} - 2)}}{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)} d y = \frac{1}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}} (- x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}) d x$

Step 3.3.7

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{y \sqrt{{(x^{2} - 2)}^{2} (y^{2} - 2)}}{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)} d y = \frac{1}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}} (- x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}) d x$

Step 3.4

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 3.4.1

Pull terms out from under the radical.

$\frac{y ((x^{2} - 2) \sqrt{y^{2} - 2})}{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)} d y = \frac{1}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}} (- x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}) d x$

Step 3.4.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{y (x^{2} \sqrt{y^{2} - 2} - 2 \sqrt{y^{2} - 2})}{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)} d y = \frac{1}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}} (- x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}) d x$

Step 3.4.3

Factor $\sqrt{y^{2} - 2}$ out of $x^{2} \sqrt{y^{2} - 2} - 2 \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}$ .

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Step 3.4.3.1

Factor $\sqrt{y^{2} - 2}$ out of $x^{2} \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}$ .

$\frac{y (\sqrt{y^{2} - 2} x^{2} - 2 \sqrt{y^{2} - 2})}{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)} d y = \frac{1}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}} (- x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}) d x$

Step 3.4.3.2

Factor $\sqrt{y^{2} - 2}$ out of $- 2 \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}$ .

$\frac{y (\sqrt{y^{2} - 2} x^{2} + \sqrt{y^{2} - 2} \cdot - 2)}{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)} d y = \frac{1}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}} (- x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}) d x$

Step 3.4.3.3

Factor $\sqrt{y^{2} - 2}$ out of $\sqrt{y^{2} - 2} x^{2} + \sqrt{y^{2} - 2} \cdot - 2$ .

$\frac{y (\sqrt{y^{2} - 2} (x^{2} - 2))}{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)} d y = \frac{1}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}} (- x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}) d x$

$\frac{y \sqrt{y^{2} - 2} (x^{2} - 2)}{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)} d y = \frac{1}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}} (- x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}) d x$

Step 3.5

Cancel the common factor of $x^{2} - 2$ .

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Step 3.5.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{y \sqrt{y^{2} - 2} (x^{2} - 2)}{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)} d y = \frac{1}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}} (- x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}) d x$

Step 3.5.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{y \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}}{y^{2} - 2} d y = \frac{1}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}} (- x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}) d x$

Step 3.6

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{y \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}}{y^{2} - 2} d y = - \frac{1}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}} (x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}) d x$

Step 3.7

Multiply $\frac{1}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}$ by $\frac{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}$ .

$\frac{y \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}}{y^{2} - 2} d y = - (\frac{1}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}) (x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}) d x$

Step 3.8

Combine and simplify the denominator.

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Step 3.8.1

Multiply $\frac{1}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}$ by $\frac{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}$ .

$\frac{y \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}}{y^{2} - 2} d y = - \frac{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)} \sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}} (x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}) d x$

Step 3.8.2

Raise $\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{y \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}}{y^{2} - 2} d y = - \frac{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}{{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}^{1} \sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}} (x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}) d x$

Step 3.8.3

Raise $\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{y \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}}{y^{2} - 2} d y = - \frac{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}{{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}^{1} {\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}^{1}} (x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}) d x$

Step 3.8.4

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{y \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}}{y^{2} - 2} d y = - \frac{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}{{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}^{1 + 1}} (x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}) d x$

Step 3.8.5

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{y \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}}{y^{2} - 2} d y = - \frac{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}{{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}^{2}} (x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}) d x$

Step 3.8.6

Rewrite ${\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}^{2}$ as $(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)$ .

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Step 3.8.6.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}$ as ${((x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2))}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{y \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}}{y^{2} - 2} d y = - \frac{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}{{({((x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2))}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} (x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}) d x$

Step 3.8.6.2

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\frac{y \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}}{y^{2} - 2} d y = - \frac{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}{{((x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2))}^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2}} (x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}) d x$

Step 3.8.6.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $2$ .

$\frac{y \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}}{y^{2} - 2} d y = - \frac{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}{{((x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2))}^{\frac{2}{2}}} (x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}) d x$

Step 3.8.6.4

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 3.8.6.4.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{y \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}}{y^{2} - 2} d y = - \frac{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}{{((x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2))}^{\frac{2}{2}}} (x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}) d x$

Step 3.8.6.4.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{y \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}}{y^{2} - 2} d y = - \frac{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}{{((x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2))}^{1}} (x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}) d x$

Step 3.8.6.5

Simplify.

$\frac{y \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}}{y^{2} - 2} d y = - \frac{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)} (x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}) d x$

Step 3.9

Multiply $- \frac{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)} (x \sqrt{y^{2} - 2})$ .

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Step 3.9.1

Combine $x$ and $\frac{\sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}$ .

$\frac{y \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}}{y^{2} - 2} d y = - \frac{x \sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)} \sqrt{y^{2} - 2} d x$

Step 3.9.2

Combine $\sqrt{y^{2} - 2}$ and $\frac{x \sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}}{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)}$ .

$\frac{y \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}}{y^{2} - 2} d y = - \frac{\sqrt{y^{2} - 2} (x \sqrt{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)})}{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)} d x$

Step 3.9.3

Combine using the product rule for radicals.

$\frac{y \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}}{y^{2} - 2} d y = - \frac{x \sqrt{(y^{2} - 2) ((x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2))}}{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)} d x$

Step 3.9.4

Raise $y^{2} - 2$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{y \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}}{y^{2} - 2} d y = - \frac{x \sqrt{{(y^{2} - 2)}^{1} (y^{2} - 2) (x^{2} - 2)}}{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)} d x$

Step 3.9.5

Raise $y^{2} - 2$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{y \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}}{y^{2} - 2} d y = - \frac{x \sqrt{{(y^{2} - 2)}^{1} {(y^{2} - 2)}^{1} (x^{2} - 2)}}{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)} d x$

Step 3.9.6

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{y \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}}{y^{2} - 2} d y = - \frac{x \sqrt{{(y^{2} - 2)}^{1 + 1} (x^{2} - 2)}}{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)} d x$

Step 3.9.7

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{y \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}}{y^{2} - 2} d y = - \frac{x \sqrt{{(y^{2} - 2)}^{2} (x^{2} - 2)}}{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)} d x$

Step 3.10

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 3.10.1

Pull terms out from under the radical.

$\frac{y \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}}{y^{2} - 2} d y = - \frac{x ((y^{2} - 2) \sqrt{x^{2} - 2})}{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)} d x$

Step 3.10.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{y \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}}{y^{2} - 2} d y = - \frac{x (y^{2} \sqrt{x^{2} - 2} - 2 \sqrt{x^{2} - 2})}{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)} d x$

Step 3.10.3

Factor $\sqrt{x^{2} - 2}$ out of $y^{2} \sqrt{x^{2} - 2} - 2 \sqrt{x^{2} - 2}$ .

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Step 3.10.3.1

Factor $\sqrt{x^{2} - 2}$ out of $y^{2} \sqrt{x^{2} - 2}$ .

$\frac{y \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}}{y^{2} - 2} d y = - \frac{x (\sqrt{x^{2} - 2} y^{2} - 2 \sqrt{x^{2} - 2})}{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)} d x$

Step 3.10.3.2

Factor $\sqrt{x^{2} - 2}$ out of $- 2 \sqrt{x^{2} - 2}$ .

$\frac{y \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}}{y^{2} - 2} d y = - \frac{x (\sqrt{x^{2} - 2} y^{2} + \sqrt{x^{2} - 2} \cdot - 2)}{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)} d x$

Step 3.10.3.3

Factor $\sqrt{x^{2} - 2}$ out of $\sqrt{x^{2} - 2} y^{2} + \sqrt{x^{2} - 2} \cdot - 2$ .

$\frac{y \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}}{y^{2} - 2} d y = - \frac{x (\sqrt{x^{2} - 2} (y^{2} - 2))}{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)} d x$

$\frac{y \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}}{y^{2} - 2} d y = - \frac{x \sqrt{x^{2} - 2} (y^{2} - 2)}{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)} d x$

Step 3.11

Cancel the common factor of $y^{2} - 2$ .

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Step 3.11.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{y \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}}{y^{2} - 2} d y = - \frac{x \sqrt{x^{2} - 2} (y^{2} - 2)}{(x^{2} - 2) (y^{2} - 2)} d x$

Step 3.11.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{y \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}}{y^{2} - 2} d y = - \frac{x \sqrt{x^{2} - 2}}{x^{2} - 2} d x$

Step 4

Integrate both sides.

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Step 4.1

Set up an integral on each side.

$\int \frac{y \sqrt{y^{2} - 2}}{y^{2} - 2} d y = \int - \frac{x \sqrt{x^{2} - 2}}{x^{2} - 2} d x$

Step 4.2

Integrate the left side.

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Step 4.2.1

Let $u_{1} = y^{2} - 2$ . Then $d u_{1} = 2 y d y$ , so $\frac{1}{2} d u_{1} = y d y$ . Rewrite using $u_{1}$ and $d$ $u_{1}$ .

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Step 4.2.1.1

Let $u_{1} = y^{2} - 2$ . Find $\frac{d u_{1}}{d y}$ .

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Step 4.2.1.1.1

Differentiate $y^{2} - 2$ .

$\frac{d}{d y} [y^{2} - 2]$

Step 4.2.1.1.2

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $y^{2} - 2$ with respect to $y$ is $\frac{d}{d y} [y^{2}] + \frac{d}{d y} [- 2]$ .

$\frac{d}{d y} [y^{2}] + \frac{d}{d y} [- 2]$

Step 4.2.1.1.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d y} [y^{n}]$ is $n y^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$2 y + \frac{d}{d y} [- 2]$

Step 4.2.1.1.4

Since $- 2$ is constant with respect to $y$ , the derivative of $- 2$ with respect to $y$ is $0$ .

$2 y + 0$

Step 4.2.1.1.5

Add $2 y$ and $0$ .

$2 y$

Step 4.2.1.2

Rewrite the problem using $u_{1}$ and $d u_{1}$ .

$\int \frac{\sqrt{u_{1}}}{u_{1}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} d u_{1} = \int - \frac{x \sqrt{x^{2} - 2}}{x^{2} - 2} d x$

Step 4.2.2

Simplify.

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Step 4.2.2.1

Multiply $\frac{\sqrt{u_{1}}}{u_{1}}$ by $\frac{1}{2}$ .

$\int \frac{\sqrt{u_{1}}}{u_{1} \cdot 2} d u_{1} = \int - \frac{x \sqrt{x^{2} - 2}}{x^{2} - 2} d x$

Step 4.2.2.2

Move $2$ to the left of $u_{1}$ .

$\int \frac{\sqrt{u_{1}}}{2 u_{1}} d u_{1} = \int - \frac{x \sqrt{x^{2} - 2}}{x^{2} - 2} d x$

Step 4.2.3

Since $\frac{1}{2}$ is constant with respect to $u_{1}$ , move $\frac{1}{2}$ out of the integral.

$\frac{1}{2} \int \frac{\sqrt{u_{1}}}{u_{1}} d u_{1} = \int - \frac{x \sqrt{x^{2} - 2}}{x^{2} - 2} d x$

Step 4.2.4

Simplify the expression.

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Step 4.2.4.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{u_{1}}$ as ${u_{1}}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{1}{2} \int \frac{{u_{1}}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{u_{1}} d u_{1} = \int - \frac{x \sqrt{x^{2} - 2}}{x^{2} - 2} d x$

Step 4.2.4.2

Simplify.

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Step 4.2.4.2.1

Move ${u_{1}}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{n} = \frac{1}{b^{- n}}$ .

$\frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{u_{1} \cdot {u_{1}}^{- \frac{1}{2}}} d u_{1} = \int - \frac{x \sqrt{x^{2} - 2}}{x^{2} - 2} d x$

Step 4.2.4.2.2

Multiply $u_{1}$ by ${u_{1}}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 4.2.4.2.2.1

Multiply $u_{1}$ by ${u_{1}}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

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Step 4.2.4.2.2.1.1

Raise $u_{1}$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{{u_{1}}^{1} {u_{1}}^{- \frac{1}{2}}} d u_{1} = \int - \frac{x \sqrt{x^{2} - 2}}{x^{2} - 2} d x$

Step 4.2.4.2.2.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{{u_{1}}^{1 - \frac{1}{2}}} d u_{1} = \int - \frac{x \sqrt{x^{2} - 2}}{x^{2} - 2} d x$

Step 4.2.4.2.2.2

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$\frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{{u_{1}}^{\frac{2}{2} - \frac{1}{2}}} d u_{1} = \int - \frac{x \sqrt{x^{2} - 2}}{x^{2} - 2} d x$

Step 4.2.4.2.2.3

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{{u_{1}}^{\frac{2 - 1}{2}}} d u_{1} = \int - \frac{x \sqrt{x^{2} - 2}}{x^{2} - 2} d x$

Step 4.2.4.2.2.4

Subtract $1$ from $2$ .

$\frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{{u_{1}}^{\frac{1}{2}}} d u_{1} = \int - \frac{x \sqrt{x^{2} - 2}}{x^{2} - 2} d x$

Step 4.2.4.3

Apply basic rules of exponents.

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Step 4.2.4.3.1

Move ${u_{1}}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ out of the denominator by raising it to the $- 1$ power.

$\frac{1}{2} \int {({u_{1}}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{- 1} d u_{1} = \int - \frac{x \sqrt{x^{2} - 2}}{x^{2} - 2} d x$

Step 4.2.4.3.2

Multiply the exponents in ${({u_{1}}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{- 1}$ .

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Step 4.2.4.3.2.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\frac{1}{2} \int {u_{1}}^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot - 1} d u_{1} = \int - \frac{x \sqrt{x^{2} - 2}}{x^{2} - 2} d x$

Step 4.2.4.3.2.2

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $- 1$ .

$\frac{1}{2} \int {u_{1}}^{\frac{- 1}{2}} d u_{1} = \int - \frac{x \sqrt{x^{2} - 2}}{x^{2} - 2} d x$

Step 4.2.4.3.2.3

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{1}{2} \int {u_{1}}^{- \frac{1}{2}} d u_{1} = \int - \frac{x \sqrt{x^{2} - 2}}{x^{2} - 2} d x$

Step 4.2.5

By the Power Rule, the integral of ${u_{1}}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ with respect to $u_{1}$ is $2 {u_{1}}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{1}{2} (2 {u_{1}}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{1}) = \int - \frac{x \sqrt{x^{2} - 2}}{x^{2} - 2} d x$

Step 4.2.6

Simplify.

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Step 4.2.6.1

Rewrite $\frac{1}{2} (2 {u_{1}}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{1})$ as $\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2 {u_{1}}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{1}$ .

$\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2 {u_{1}}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{1} = \int - \frac{x \sqrt{x^{2} - 2}}{x^{2} - 2} d x$

Step 4.2.6.2

Simplify.

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Step 4.2.6.2.1

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $2$ .

$\frac{2}{2} {u_{1}}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{1} = \int - \frac{x \sqrt{x^{2} - 2}}{x^{2} - 2} d x$

Step 4.2.6.2.2

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 4.2.6.2.2.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{2}{2} {u_{1}}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{1} = \int - \frac{x \sqrt{x^{2} - 2}}{x^{2} - 2} d x$

Step 4.2.6.2.2.2

Rewrite the expression.

$1 {u_{1}}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{1} = \int - \frac{x \sqrt{x^{2} - 2}}{x^{2} - 2} d x$

Step 4.2.6.2.3

Multiply ${u_{1}}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by $1$ .

${u_{1}}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{1} = \int - \frac{x \sqrt{x^{2} - 2}}{x^{2} - 2} d x$

Step 4.2.7

Replace all occurrences of $u_{1}$ with $y^{2} - 2$ .

${(y^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{1} = \int - \frac{x \sqrt{x^{2} - 2}}{x^{2} - 2} d x$

Step 4.3

Integrate the right side.

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Step 4.3.1

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $- 1$ out of the integral.

${(y^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{1} = - \int \frac{x \sqrt{x^{2} - 2}}{x^{2} - 2} d x$

Step 4.3.2

Let $u_{2} = x^{2} - 2$ . Then $d u_{2} = 2 x d x$ , so $\frac{1}{2} d u_{2} = x d x$ . Rewrite using $u_{2}$ and $d$ $u_{2}$ .

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Step 4.3.2.1

Let $u_{2} = x^{2} - 2$ . Find $\frac{d u_{2}}{d x}$ .

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Step 4.3.2.1.1

Differentiate $x^{2} - 2$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} - 2]$

Step 4.3.2.1.2

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $x^{2} - 2$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 2]$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 2]$

Step 4.3.2.1.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$2 x + \frac{d}{d x} [- 2]$

Step 4.3.2.1.4

Since $- 2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- 2$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$2 x + 0$

Step 4.3.2.1.5

Add $2 x$ and $0$ .

$2 x$

Step 4.3.2.2

Rewrite the problem using $u_{2}$ and $d u_{2}$ .

${(y^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{1} = - \int \frac{\sqrt{u_{2}}}{u_{2}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} d u_{2}$

Step 4.3.3

Simplify.

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Step 4.3.3.1

Multiply $\frac{\sqrt{u_{2}}}{u_{2}}$ by $\frac{1}{2}$ .

${(y^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{1} = - \int \frac{\sqrt{u_{2}}}{u_{2} \cdot 2} d u_{2}$

Step 4.3.3.2

Move $2$ to the left of $u_{2}$ .

${(y^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{1} = - \int \frac{\sqrt{u_{2}}}{2 u_{2}} d u_{2}$

Step 4.3.4

Since $\frac{1}{2}$ is constant with respect to $u_{2}$ , move $\frac{1}{2}$ out of the integral.

${(y^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{1} = - (\frac{1}{2} \int \frac{\sqrt{u_{2}}}{u_{2}} d u_{2})$

Step 4.3.5

Simplify the expression.

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Step 4.3.5.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{u_{2}}$ as ${u_{2}}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

${(y^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{1} = - \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{{u_{2}}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{u_{2}} d u_{2}$

Step 4.3.5.2

Simplify.

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Step 4.3.5.2.1

Move ${u_{2}}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{n} = \frac{1}{b^{- n}}$ .

${(y^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{1} = - \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{u_{2} \cdot {u_{2}}^{- \frac{1}{2}}} d u_{2}$

Step 4.3.5.2.2

Multiply $u_{2}$ by ${u_{2}}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 4.3.5.2.2.1

Multiply $u_{2}$ by ${u_{2}}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

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Step 4.3.5.2.2.1.1

Raise $u_{2}$ to the power of $1$ .

${(y^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{1} = - \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{{u_{2}}^{1} {u_{2}}^{- \frac{1}{2}}} d u_{2}$

Step 4.3.5.2.2.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

${(y^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{1} = - \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{{u_{2}}^{1 - \frac{1}{2}}} d u_{2}$

Step 4.3.5.2.2.2

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

${(y^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{1} = - \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{{u_{2}}^{\frac{2}{2} - \frac{1}{2}}} d u_{2}$

Step 4.3.5.2.2.3

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

${(y^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{1} = - \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{{u_{2}}^{\frac{2 - 1}{2}}} d u_{2}$

Step 4.3.5.2.2.4

Subtract $1$ from $2$ .

${(y^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{1} = - \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{{u_{2}}^{\frac{1}{2}}} d u_{2}$

Step 4.3.5.3

Apply basic rules of exponents.

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Step 4.3.5.3.1

Move ${u_{2}}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ out of the denominator by raising it to the $- 1$ power.

${(y^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{1} = - \frac{1}{2} \int {({u_{2}}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{- 1} d u_{2}$

Step 4.3.5.3.2

Multiply the exponents in ${({u_{2}}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{- 1}$ .

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Step 4.3.5.3.2.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

${(y^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{1} = - \frac{1}{2} \int {u_{2}}^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot - 1} d u_{2}$

Step 4.3.5.3.2.2

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $- 1$ .

${(y^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{1} = - \frac{1}{2} \int {u_{2}}^{\frac{- 1}{2}} d u_{2}$

Step 4.3.5.3.2.3

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

${(y^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{1} = - \frac{1}{2} \int {u_{2}}^{- \frac{1}{2}} d u_{2}$

Step 4.3.6

By the Power Rule, the integral of ${u_{2}}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ with respect to $u_{2}$ is $2 {u_{2}}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

${(y^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{1} = - \frac{1}{2} (2 {u_{2}}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{2})$

Step 4.3.7

Simplify.

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Step 4.3.7.1

Rewrite $- \frac{1}{2} (2 {u_{2}}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{2})$ as $- \frac{1}{2} \cdot 2 {u_{2}}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{2}$ .

${(y^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{1} = - \frac{1}{2} \cdot 2 {u_{2}}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{2}$

Step 4.3.7.2

Simplify.

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Step 4.3.7.2.1

Multiply $2$ by $- 1$ .

${(y^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{1} = - 2 (\frac{1}{2}) {u_{2}}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{2}$

Step 4.3.7.2.2

Combine $- 2$ and $\frac{1}{2}$ .

${(y^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{1} = \frac{- 2}{2} {u_{2}}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{2}$

Step 4.3.7.2.3

Cancel the common factor of $- 2$ and $2$ .

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Step 4.3.7.2.3.1

Factor $2$ out of $- 2$ .

${(y^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{1} = \frac{2 \cdot - 1}{2} {u_{2}}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{2}$

Step 4.3.7.2.3.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 4.3.7.2.3.2.1

Factor $2$ out of $2$ .

${(y^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{1} = \frac{2 \cdot - 1}{2 (1)} {u_{2}}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{2}$

Step 4.3.7.2.3.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

${(y^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{1} = \frac{2 \cdot - 1}{2 \cdot 1} {u_{2}}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{2}$

Step 4.3.7.2.3.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

${(y^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{1} = \frac{- 1}{1} {u_{2}}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{2}$

Step 4.3.7.2.3.2.4

Divide $- 1$ by $1$ .

${(y^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{1} = - {u_{2}}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{2}$

Step 4.3.8

Replace all occurrences of $u_{2}$ with $x^{2} - 2$ .

${(y^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{1} = - {(x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + C_{2}$

Step 4.4

Group the constant of integration on the right side as $K$ .

${(y^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} = - {(x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + K$