Calculus Examples

$y = x^{4} + 5 e^{x}$ ,

$(0, 5)$

Step 1

Find the first derivative and evaluate at

$x = 0$ and

$y = 5$ to find the slope of the tangent line.

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Step 1.1

Differentiate.

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Step 1.1.1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of

$x^{4} + 5 e^{x}$ with respect to

$x$ is

$\frac{d}{d x} [x^{4}] + \frac{d}{d x} [5 e^{x}]$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [x^{4}] + \frac{d}{d x} [5 e^{x}]$

Step 1.1.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that

$\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is

$n x^{n - 1}$ where

$n = 4$ .

$4 x^{3} + \frac{d}{d x} [5 e^{x}]$

Step 1.2

Evaluate

$\frac{d}{d x} [5 e^{x}]$ .

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Step 1.2.1

Since

$5$ is constant with respect to

$x$ , the derivative of

$5 e^{x}$ with respect to

$x$ is

$5 \frac{d}{d x} [e^{x}]$ .

$4 x^{3} + 5 \frac{d}{d x} [e^{x}]$

Step 1.2.2

Differentiate using the Exponential Rule which states that

$\frac{d}{d x} [a^{x}]$ is

$a^{x} \ln (a)$ where

$a$ =

$e$ .

$4 x^{3} + 5 e^{x}$

Step 1.3

Evaluate the derivative at

$x = 0$ .

$4 {(0)}^{3} + 5 e^{0}$

Step 1.4

Simplify.

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Step 1.4.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 1.4.1.1

Raising

$0$ to any positive power yields

$0$ .

$4 \cdot 0 + 5 e^{0}$

Step 1.4.1.2

Multiply

$4$ by

$0$ .

$0 + 5 e^{0}$

Step 1.4.1.3

Anything raised to

$0$ is

$1$ .

$0 + 5 \cdot 1$

Step 1.4.1.4

Multiply

$5$ by

$1$ .

$0 + 5$

Step 1.4.2

Add

$0$ and

$5$ .

$5$

Step 2

The normal line is perpendicular to the tangent line. Take the negative reciprocal of the slope of the tangent line to find the slope of the normal line.

$- \frac{1}{5}$

Step 3

Plug the slope and point values into the point-slope formula and solve for

$y$ .

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Step 3.1

Use the slope

$- \frac{1}{5}$ and a given point

$(0, 5)$ to substitute for

$x_{1}$ and

$y_{1}$ in the point-slope form

$y - y_{1} = m (x - x_{1})$ , which is derived from the slope equation

$m = \frac{y_{2} - y_{1}}{x_{2} - x_{1}}$ .

$y - (5) = - \frac{1}{5} \cdot (x - (0))$

Step 3.2

Simplify the equation and keep it in point-slope form.

$y - 5 = - \frac{1}{5} \cdot (x + 0)$

Step 3.3

Solve for

$y$ .

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Step 3.3.1

Simplify

$- \frac{1}{5} \cdot (x + 0)$ .

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Step 3.3.1.1

Add

$x$ and

$0$ .

$y - 5 = - \frac{1}{5} \cdot x$

Step 3.3.1.2

Combine

$x$ and

$\frac{1}{5}$ .

$y - 5 = - \frac{x}{5}$

Step 3.3.2

Add

$5$ to both sides of the equation.

$y = - \frac{x}{5} + 5$

Step 3.3.3

Write in

$y = m x + b$ form.

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Step 3.3.3.1

Reorder terms.

$y = - (\frac{1}{5} x) + 5$

Step 3.3.3.2

Remove parentheses.

$y = - \frac{1}{5} x + 5$

Step 4