Basic Math Examples

$2 a^{2} (a^{2} - 1) (a^{3} - a + a - 1) (a^{4} - 1)$

Step 1

Rewrite $1$ as $1^{2}$ .

$2 a^{2} (a^{2} - 1^{2}) (a^{3} - a + a - 1) (a^{4} - 1)$

Step 2

Factor.

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Step 2.1

Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, $a^{2} - b^{2} = (a + b) (a - b)$ where $a = a$ and $b = 1$ .

$2 a^{2} ((a + 1) (a - 1)) (a^{3} - a + a - 1) (a^{4} - 1)$

Step 2.2

Remove unnecessary parentheses.

$2 a^{2} (a + 1) (a - 1) (a^{3} - a + a - 1) (a^{4} - 1)$

Step 3

Add $- a$ and $a$ .

$2 a^{2} (a + 1) (a - 1) (a^{3} + 0 - 1) (a^{4} - 1)$

Step 4

Add $a^{3}$ and $0$ .

$2 a^{2} (a + 1) (a - 1) (a^{3} - 1) (a^{4} - 1)$

Step 5

Rewrite $1$ as $1^{3}$ .

$2 a^{2} (a + 1) (a - 1) (a^{3} - 1^{3}) (a^{4} - 1)$

Step 6

Since both terms are perfect cubes, factor using the difference of cubes formula, $a^{3} - b^{3} = (a - b) (a^{2} + a b + b^{2})$ where $a = a$ and $b = 1$ .

$2 a^{2} (a + 1) (a - 1) ((a - 1) (a^{2} + a \cdot 1 + 1^{2})) (a^{4} - 1)$

Step 7

Factor.

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Step 7.1

Simplify.

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Step 7.1.1

Multiply $a$ by $1$ .

$2 a^{2} (a + 1) (a - 1) ((a - 1) (a^{2} + a + 1^{2})) (a^{4} - 1)$

Step 7.1.2

One to any power is one.

$2 a^{2} (a + 1) (a - 1) ((a - 1) (a^{2} + a + 1)) (a^{4} - 1)$

Step 7.2

Remove unnecessary parentheses.

$2 a^{2} (a + 1) (a - 1) (a - 1) (a^{2} + a + 1) (a^{4} - 1)$

Step 8

Combine exponents.

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Step 8.1

Raise $a - 1$ to the power of $1$ .

$2 a^{2} (a + 1) ({(a - 1)}^{1} (a - 1)) (a^{2} + a + 1) (a^{4} - 1)$

Step 8.2

Raise $a - 1$ to the power of $1$ .

$2 a^{2} (a + 1) ({(a - 1)}^{1} {(a - 1)}^{1}) (a^{2} + a + 1) (a^{4} - 1)$

Step 8.3

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$2 a^{2} (a + 1) {(a - 1)}^{1 + 1} (a^{2} + a + 1) (a^{4} - 1)$

Step 8.4

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$2 a^{2} (a + 1) {(a - 1)}^{2} (a^{2} + a + 1) (a^{4} - 1)$

Step 9

Rewrite $a^{4}$ as ${(a^{2})}^{2}$ .

$2 a^{2} (a + 1) {(a - 1)}^{2} (a^{2} + a + 1) ({(a^{2})}^{2} - 1)$

Step 10

Rewrite $1$ as $1^{2}$ .

$2 a^{2} (a + 1) {(a - 1)}^{2} (a^{2} + a + 1) ({(a^{2})}^{2} - 1^{2})$

Step 11

Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, $a^{2} - b^{2} = (a + b) (a - b)$ where $a = a^{2}$ and $b = 1$ .

$2 a^{2} (a + 1) {(a - 1)}^{2} (a^{2} + a + 1) ((a^{2} + 1) (a^{2} - 1))$

Step 12

Factor.

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Step 12.1

Simplify.

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Step 12.1.1

Rewrite $1$ as $1^{2}$ .

$2 a^{2} (a + 1) {(a - 1)}^{2} (a^{2} + a + 1) ((a^{2} + 1) (a^{2} - 1^{2}))$

Step 12.1.2

Factor.

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Step 12.1.2.1

Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, $a^{2} - b^{2} = (a + b) (a - b)$ where $a = a$ and $b = 1$ .

$2 a^{2} (a + 1) {(a - 1)}^{2} (a^{2} + a + 1) ((a^{2} + 1) ((a + 1) (a - 1)))$

Step 12.1.2.2

Remove unnecessary parentheses.

$2 a^{2} (a + 1) {(a - 1)}^{2} (a^{2} + a + 1) ((a^{2} + 1) (a + 1) (a - 1))$

Step 12.2

Remove unnecessary parentheses.

$2 a^{2} (a + 1) {(a - 1)}^{2} (a^{2} + a + 1) (a^{2} + 1) (a + 1) (a - 1)$

Step 13

Combine exponents.

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Step 13.1

Raise $a + 1$ to the power of $1$ .

$2 a^{2} ({(a + 1)}^{1} (a + 1)) {(a - 1)}^{2} (a^{2} + a + 1) (a^{2} + 1) (a - 1)$

Step 13.2

Raise $a + 1$ to the power of $1$ .

$2 a^{2} ({(a + 1)}^{1} {(a + 1)}^{1}) {(a - 1)}^{2} (a^{2} + a + 1) (a^{2} + 1) (a - 1)$

Step 13.3

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$2 a^{2} {(a + 1)}^{1 + 1} {(a - 1)}^{2} (a^{2} + a + 1) (a^{2} + 1) (a - 1)$

Step 13.4

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$2 a^{2} {(a + 1)}^{2} {(a - 1)}^{2} (a^{2} + a + 1) (a^{2} + 1) (a - 1)$

Step 13.5

Raise $a - 1$ to the power of $1$ .

$2 a^{2} {(a + 1)}^{2} ({(a - 1)}^{1} {(a - 1)}^{2}) (a^{2} + a + 1) (a^{2} + 1)$

Step 13.6

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$2 a^{2} {(a + 1)}^{2} {(a - 1)}^{1 + 2} (a^{2} + a + 1) (a^{2} + 1)$

Step 13.7

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$2 a^{2} {(a + 1)}^{2} {(a - 1)}^{3} (a^{2} + a + 1) (a^{2} + 1)$