예제

$S ([\begin{array}{c} a \\ b \\ c \end{array}]) = [\begin{array}{c} a - 2 b - c \\ 3 a - b + 2 c \\ a + b + 2 c \end{array}]$

단계 1

변환의 핵(커널)은 변환 결과 영벡터가 되는 벡터를 말합니다(변환의 원상).

$[\begin{array}{c} a - 2 b - c \\ 3 a - b + 2 c \\ a + b + 2 c \end{array}] = 0$

단계 2

벡터 방정식으로부터 연립 방정식을 세웁니다.

$a - 2 b - c = 0$

$3 a - b + 2 c = 0$

$a + b + 2 c = 0$

단계 3

Write the system as a matrix.

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & - 2 & - 1 & 0 \\ 3 & - 1 & 2 & 0 \\ 1 & 1 & 2 & 0 \end{array}]$

단계 4

기약 행 사다리꼴을 구합니다.

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단계 4.1

Perform the row operation $R_{2} = R_{2} - 3 R_{1}$ to make the entry at $2, 1$ a $0$ .

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단계 4.1.1

Perform the row operation $R_{2} = R_{2} - 3 R_{1}$ to make the entry at $2, 1$ a $0$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & - 2 & - 1 & 0 \\ 3 - 3 \cdot 1 & - 1 - 3 \cdot - 2 & 2 - 3 \cdot - 1 & 0 - 3 \cdot 0 \\ 1 & 1 & 2 & 0 \end{array}]$

단계 4.1.2

$R_{2}$ 을 간단히 합니다.

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & - 2 & - 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 5 & 5 & 0 \\ 1 & 1 & 2 & 0 \end{array}]$

단계 4.2

Perform the row operation $R_{3} = R_{3} - R_{1}$ to make the entry at $3, 1$ a $0$ .

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단계 4.2.1

Perform the row operation $R_{3} = R_{3} - R_{1}$ to make the entry at $3, 1$ a $0$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & - 2 & - 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 5 & 5 & 0 \\ 1 - 1 & 1 + 2 & 2 + 1 & 0 - 0 \end{array}]$

단계 4.2.2

$R_{3}$ 을 간단히 합니다.

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & - 2 & - 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 5 & 5 & 0 \\ 0 & 3 & 3 & 0 \end{array}]$

단계 4.3

Multiply each element of $R_{2}$ by $\frac{1}{5}$ to make the entry at $2, 2$ a $1$ .

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단계 4.3.1

Multiply each element of $R_{2}$ by $\frac{1}{5}$ to make the entry at $2, 2$ a $1$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & - 2 & - 1 & 0 \\ \frac{0}{5} & \frac{5}{5} & \frac{5}{5} & \frac{0}{5} \\ 0 & 3 & 3 & 0 \end{array}]$

단계 4.3.2

$R_{2}$ 을 간단히 합니다.

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & - 2 & - 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 3 & 3 & 0 \end{array}]$

단계 4.4

Perform the row operation $R_{3} = R_{3} - 3 R_{2}$ to make the entry at $3, 2$ a $0$ .

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단계 4.4.1

Perform the row operation $R_{3} = R_{3} - 3 R_{2}$ to make the entry at $3, 2$ a $0$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & - 2 & - 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 - 3 \cdot 0 & 3 - 3 \cdot 1 & 3 - 3 \cdot 1 & 0 - 3 \cdot 0 \end{array}]$

단계 4.4.2

$R_{3}$ 을 간단히 합니다.

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & - 2 & - 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \end{array}]$

단계 4.5

Perform the row operation $R_{1} = R_{1} + 2 R_{2}$ to make the entry at $1, 2$ a $0$ .

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단계 4.5.1

Perform the row operation $R_{1} = R_{1} + 2 R_{2}$ to make the entry at $1, 2$ a $0$ .

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 + 2 \cdot 0 & - 2 + 2 \cdot 1 & - 1 + 2 \cdot 1 & 0 + 2 \cdot 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \end{array}]$

단계 4.5.2

$R_{1}$ 을 간단히 합니다.

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \end{array}]$

단계 5

Use the result matrix to declare the final solution to the system of equations.

$a + c = 0$

$b + c = 0$

$0 = 0$

단계 6

Write a solution vector by solving in terms of the free variables in each row.

$[\begin{array}{c} a \\ b \\ c \end{array}] = [\begin{array}{c} - c \\ - c \\ c \end{array}]$

단계 7

Write the solution as a linear combination of vectors.

$[\begin{array}{c} a \\ b \\ c \end{array}] = c [\begin{array}{c} - 1 \\ - 1 \\ 1 \end{array}]$

단계 8

Write as a solution set.

${c [\begin{array}{c} - 1 \\ - 1 \\ 1 \end{array}] | c \in R}$

단계 9

The solution is the set of vectors created from the free variables of the system.

${[\begin{array}{c} - 1 \\ - 1 \\ 1 \end{array}]}$

단계 10

$S$ 의 핵(커널)은 부분공간 ${[\begin{array}{c} - 1 \\ - 1 \\ 1 \end{array}]}$ 입니다.

$K (S) = {[\begin{array}{c} - 1 \\ - 1 \\ 1 \end{array}]}$

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