Examples

Find the Inverse
[330103020]
Step 1
Find the determinant.
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Step 1.1
Choose the row or column with the most 0 elements. If there are no 0 elements choose any row or column. Multiply every element in row 3 by its cofactor and add.
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Step 1.1.1
Consider the corresponding sign chart.
|+-+-+-+-+|
Step 1.1.2
The cofactor is the minor with the sign changed if the indices match a - position on the sign chart.
Step 1.1.3
The minor for a31 is the determinant with row 3 and column 1 deleted.
|3003|
Step 1.1.4
Multiply element a31 by its cofactor.
0|3003|
Step 1.1.5
The minor for a32 is the determinant with row 3 and column 2 deleted.
|3013|
Step 1.1.6
Multiply element a32 by its cofactor.
-2|3013|
Step 1.1.7
The minor for a33 is the determinant with row 3 and column 3 deleted.
|3310|
Step 1.1.8
Multiply element a33 by its cofactor.
0|3310|
Step 1.1.9
Add the terms together.
0|3003|-2|3013|+0|3310|
0|3003|-2|3013|+0|3310|
Step 1.2
Multiply 0 by |3003|.
0-2|3013|+0|3310|
Step 1.3
Multiply 0 by |3310|.
0-2|3013|+0
Step 1.4
Evaluate |3013|.
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Step 1.4.1
The determinant of a 2×2 matrix can be found using the formula |abcd|=ad-cb.
0-2(33-10)+0
Step 1.4.2
Simplify the determinant.
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Step 1.4.2.1
Multiply 3 by 3.
0-2(9-10)+0
Step 1.4.2.2
Subtract 0 from 9.
0-29+0
0-29+0
0-29+0
Step 1.5
Simplify the determinant.
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Step 1.5.1
Multiply -2 by 9.
0-18+0
Step 1.5.2
Subtract 18 from 0.
-18+0
Step 1.5.3
Add -18 and 0.
-18
-18
-18
Step 2
Since the determinant is non-zero, the inverse exists.
Step 3
Set up a 3×6 matrix where the left half is the original matrix and the right half is its identity matrix.
[330100103010020001]
Step 4
Find the reduced row echelon form.
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Step 4.1
Multiply each element of R1 by 13 to make the entry at 1,1 a 1.
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Step 4.1.1
Multiply each element of R1 by 13 to make the entry at 1,1 a 1.
[333303130303103010020001]
Step 4.1.2
Simplify R1.
[1101300103010020001]
[1101300103010020001]
Step 4.2
Perform the row operation R2=R2-R1 to make the entry at 2,1 a 0.
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Step 4.2.1
Perform the row operation R2=R2-R1 to make the entry at 2,1 a 0.
[11013001-10-13-00-131-00-0020001]
Step 4.2.2
Simplify R2.
[11013000-13-1310020001]
[11013000-13-1310020001]
Step 4.3
Multiply each element of R2 by -1 to make the entry at 2,2 a 1.
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Step 4.3.1
Multiply each element of R2 by -1 to make the entry at 2,2 a 1.
[1101300-0--1-13--13-11-0020001]
Step 4.3.2
Simplify R2.
[110130001-313-10020001]
[110130001-313-10020001]
Step 4.4
Perform the row operation R3=R3-2R2 to make the entry at 3,2 a 0.
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Step 4.4.1
Perform the row operation R3=R3-2R2 to make the entry at 3,2 a 0.
[110130001-313-100-202-210-2-30-2(13)0-2-11-20]
Step 4.4.2
Simplify R3.
[110130001-313-10006-2321]
[110130001-313-10006-2321]
Step 4.5
Multiply each element of R3 by 16 to make the entry at 3,3 a 1.
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Step 4.5.1
Multiply each element of R3 by 16 to make the entry at 3,3 a 1.
[110130001-313-10060666-2362616]
Step 4.5.2
Simplify R3.
[110130001-313-10001-191316]
[110130001-313-10001-191316]
Step 4.6
Perform the row operation R2=R2+3R3 to make the entry at 2,3 a 0.
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Step 4.6.1
Perform the row operation R2=R2+3R3 to make the entry at 2,3 a 0.
[11013000+301+30-3+3113+3(-19)-1+3(13)0+3(16)001-191316]
Step 4.6.2
Simplify R2.
[11013000100012001-191316]
[11013000100012001-191316]
Step 4.7
Perform the row operation R1=R1-R2 to make the entry at 1,2 a 0.
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Step 4.7.1
Perform the row operation R1=R1-R2 to make the entry at 1,2 a 0.
[1-01-10-013-00-00-120100012001-191316]
Step 4.7.2
Simplify R1.
[100130-120100012001-191316]
[100130-120100012001-191316]
[100130-120100012001-191316]
Step 5
The right half of the reduced row echelon form is the inverse.
[130-120012-191316]
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